解密01 冠詞和名詞（分層訓(xùn)練）（解析版）-【高頻考點解密】2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義+分層訓(xùn)練（全國通用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

解密01 冠詞和名詞 1．（2021·黑龍江·哈師大附中高三期末）The ages of the members range from 29 to 49, with ____________ average of 37. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】an【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：成員年齡從29歲到49歲不等，平均37歲。固定搭配with an average of ...（平均為......），用不定冠詞an。故填an。2．（2021·寧夏·平羅中學(xué)高二期末）Today is the only day when you can begin to make ____ difference to your life. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】a【分析】本題考查詞匯的語境語法應(yīng)用能力。【詳解】考查不定冠詞和固定短語。句意：今天是你開始改變自己生活的唯一一天。分析可知，“make a difference to…”，固定短語，意為“對……產(chǎn)生影響；對……作出改變”。故填a。3．（2021·廣東東莞·高一期末）It is ________honor to be awarded the Medal of the Republic for those who make great contributions to the country. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】an【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：對于那些對國家做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人，被授予共和國勛章是一種榮譽。結(jié)合句意表示“做某事是一種榮譽”可知句型為it is an honor to do sth.。故填an。4．（2021·吉林·長春吉大附中實驗學(xué)校高一期末）When she finally arrived at the lecture hall, the lecture had already come to______ end. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】an【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)她最后到達(dá)報告廳時，講座已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是固定短語：come to an end“結(jié)束”。故填an。5．（2021·黑龍江·鶴崗一中高一期末）He told the telephone operator that his call was ______ matter of life and death. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】a【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：他告訴接線員他的電話事關(guān)生死。a matter of關(guān)于…… 的問題。根據(jù)句意，故填a。6．（2021·北京西城·高二期末）______________________ beautiful rose garden planted ten years ago by my father grows wonderfully.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】The【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：我父親十年前種的美麗的玫瑰園長得很好。過去分詞短語“planted ten years ago by my father”作后置定語修飾名詞短語“ beautiful rose garden”，此處應(yīng)該特指“ beautiful rose garden”，用定冠詞the，首字母大寫。故填The。7．（2021·黑龍江·鶴崗一中高二期末）When he was trying to break into the bank, the thief was caught on ____________ spot. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】the【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：當(dāng)小偷試圖闖入銀行時，被當(dāng)場抓住。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是固定短語on the spot“當(dāng)場”。故填the。8．（2020·浙江諸暨·高一期末）She told me she had searched the room for the amber _______ day before but without success. （用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】the【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：她告訴我前一天她在房間里找過琥珀，但沒有找到。“前一天”是the day before，定冠詞表特指。故填the。9．（2021·黑龍江·哈師大附中高二期末）In order to promote his fried chicken, Colonel Sanders cooked his chicken on ________ spot for restaurant owners.【答案】the 【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：為了推銷他的炸雞，桑德斯上校當(dāng)場為餐館老板做了炸雞。on the spot“當(dāng)場；立刻”是固定短語，故填the。10．（2021·吉林江城中學(xué)高一期末）Babies are not born knowing the basic fact of ________ universe. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】the【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：嬰兒出生時并不知道宇宙的基本事實。表示獨一無二事物的名詞前用定冠詞the。根據(jù)句意，故填the。11．（2021·河北衡水中學(xué)高一期末）The world needs all kinds of creatures---without____（vary）, our planet cannot survive. （所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】variety【詳解】考查名詞。句意：世界需要各種各樣的生物——沒有多樣性，我們的星球就無法生存。根據(jù)空格前的介詞without可知，此處應(yīng)用vary的名詞形式variety“多樣性”，為不可數(shù)名詞，作介詞賓語。故填variety。12．（2021·甘肅·蘭州一中高二期末）Many patients are not getting the medical __________ (treat) they need. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】treatment【詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多病人沒有得到他們所需的治療。此處作賓語應(yīng)用名詞treatment，表示“治療”為不可數(shù)名詞。故填treatment。13．（2021·江西·南昌十中高一期末）We appreciated his __________ (devote) of time and money to the project. （用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】devotion【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們感謝他為這個項目投入的時間和金錢。his為形容詞性物主代詞后接名詞devotion作賓語；devote的名詞為devotion“投入，奉獻(xiàn)”，不可數(shù)名詞。故填devotion。14．（2020·廣東·佛山一中高一期末）It was a great ______________ (achieve) that only a month later a global agreement was reached.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】achievement【詳解】考查名詞。句意：僅僅一個月后就達(dá)成了一項全球協(xié)議，這是一項偉大的成就。該句中，it是形式主語，后面that引導(dǎo)的主語從句是句子真正的主語，該空作句子表語，用名詞，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數(shù)，所以填achievement。15．（2021·黑龍江·哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)校高二期末）No one knows how the world came into__________(exist). （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】existence【詳解】考查名詞。句意：沒有人知道世界是怎樣形成的。分析句子可知，該空需要填名詞作介詞into的賓語，所給詞是動詞exist（存在），其名詞existence是抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。固定短語come into existence（形成），符合句意和句法。故填existence。（2021·內(nèi)蒙古·巴彥淖爾市臨河區(qū)第三中學(xué)高一期中）下列每句有1處錯誤，錯誤涉及一個單詞的添加、刪除或修改。16．She has written the number of articles for the local paper.【答案】16．第一個the改成a【解析】16．考查冠詞。句意：她為當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹垖懥撕芏嗥恼?。固定短語the number of 意為“…的數(shù)量”；固定短語a number of意為“大量的”。根據(jù)語意，使用a number of。故將第一個the改成a。（2021·吉林江城中學(xué)高二月考）每句中只有一處；每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。17．Most people have houses in villages and live modern life.【答案】17．在live和 modern 中間加a【解析】17．考查冠詞。句意：大多數(shù)人在村子里有房子，過著現(xiàn)代生活。live a … life過著……的生活，且形容詞modern發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故在live和 modern中間加a。（2021·陜西·西安一中高一月考）每句話有一個錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。18．If you have good command of foreign languages, you'll have no difficulty working in this company.【答案】18．good 前加a【解析】18.考查冠詞。句意：如果你精通外語，在這家公司工作就不會有困難。固定短語：have a good command of sth.“精通……；熟練……”，結(jié)合本句，所以good前加a。（2021·四川·成都外國語學(xué)校高一期中）以下每句話中有且僅有一個錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。19．With two choice for his future, the son can also make lots of new friends to play music together at university.20．He is such a honest boy that all of us like him very much.【答案】19．choice → choices 20．a → an【解析】19．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：如今面臨兩個未來發(fā)展選擇，這個兒子也可以交到很多新朋友，在大學(xué)一起玩音樂。由修飾的數(shù)詞two可知，該處表“兩種選擇”，故該詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故choice改為choices。20．考查冠詞。句意：他非常誠實，我們都很喜歡他。此處泛指“一個誠實的男孩”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，honest以元音音素發(fā)音，應(yīng)用an。故a改為an。一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文（2021·河北·石家莊二中高三月考） Do you think obtaining an academic degree is a very difficult task? Try 145. Professor VN Parthiban, who teaches in Chennai, India, 1． (obtain) 145 degrees over the last 30 years and has no plans 2． (stop) studying soon.Parthiban’s journey started after he struggled 3． his first degree. He was a disorganized student 4． would often mix up coursework and study for the wrong test— leading him to fail major exams and projects. After he graduated. Parthiban got a job working for the Judiciary Department, but the desire to study never 5． (complete) went away. Attracted by all the 6． (amaze) subjects and areas of study that were available to 7． (he) in university, Parthiban decided to go back and seek a second degree, and then 143 more. When asked 8． there was a subject he didn’t enjoy studying, Parthiban answered “mathematics” without any doubt.Unfortunately, there have been some negative side 9． (effect) to his constant studying. The intense absorption of information has influenced Parthiban’s memory and now he even has difficulty in 10． (recognize) people’s faces and routes to places he is familiar with. These troubles have not slowed Parthiban down, however. He still studies while also conducting lectures on many subjects at several universities.【答案】1．has obtained 2．to stop 3．for 4．who/ that 5．completely 6．amazing7．him 8．if/ whether 9．effects 10．recognizing【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述在印度Chennai任教的教授VN Parthiban在過去30年里獲得了145個學(xué)位的事。1．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在印度Chennai任教的教授VN Parthiban在過去30年里獲得了145個學(xué)位，目前他還沒有打算在近期停止學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意可知，obtain這一動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能持續(xù)下去，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，注意主謂一致。故填has obtained。2．考查非謂語動詞。句意：在印度Chennai任教的教授VN Parthiban在過去30年里獲得了145個學(xué)位，目前他還沒有打算在近期停止學(xué)習(xí)。表示“沒有做某事的計劃”為固定短語have no plans to do sth.，其中用動詞不定式做定語。故填to stop。3．考查介詞。句意：Parthiban的求學(xué)之旅始于他努力獲得第一個學(xué)位之后。表示“為……而努力”為固定短語struggle for。故填for。4．考查定語從句。句意：他是一個沒有條理的學(xué)生，經(jīng)常會混淆課程和為錯誤的考試而復(fù)習(xí)——這導(dǎo)致他在主要考試和項目中不能通過。分析可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞student，指人，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，所以用who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who/that。5．考查副詞。句意：Parthiban在司法部找到了一份工作，但對學(xué)習(xí)的渴望從未完全消失。修飾動詞went away要用副詞。故填completely。6．考查形容詞。句意：Parthiban被大學(xué)里所有令人驚嘆的學(xué)科和研究領(lǐng)域所吸引，他決定回去攻讀第二個學(xué)位，之后又攻讀143個學(xué)位。分析可知，此處修飾名詞subjects and areas，要用形容詞，amazing意為“令人驚嘆的”，符合句意。故填amazing。7．考查代詞。句意：Parthiban被大學(xué)里所有令人驚嘆的學(xué)科和研究領(lǐng)域所吸引，他決定回去攻讀第二個學(xué)位，之后又攻讀143個學(xué)位。介詞to后面要用人稱代詞的賓格，作賓語。故填him。8．考查名詞性從句。句意：當(dāng)被問及他是否有不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)的科目時，Parthiban毫不懷疑地回答了“數(shù)學(xué)”。分析可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做ask的賓語，表示“是否”，所以用whether或if引導(dǎo)。故填whether/if。9．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：不幸的是，他不斷的學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了一些負(fù)面影響。side effect意為“副作用”，為可數(shù)名詞，因為前面有some修飾，所以要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填effects。10．考查非謂語動詞。句意：對信息的強烈吸收影響了Parthiban的記憶，現(xiàn)在他甚至難以識別人們的面孔和他熟悉的地方的路線。表示“做某事有困難”為動詞短語have difficulty (in) doing sth.，其中用動名詞做介詞in的賓語。故填recognizing。二、短文改錯1．（2021·四川南充·模擬預(yù)測）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。My name is Mike. I’d like be a news reporter. News reporter need to be very independent and many skills. Communicating well with people are especially required, which I believe I’m good at it. Also I liked travelling and challenging things. I think working as a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are real exciting. Your parents think being a news reporter is a dangerous job, and I’m not scared because I like taking risks. I know I won’t make much money but bring news to people around the world will be enough.【答案】1. 在like后加to 2. reporter → reporters 3. are → is 4. 刪除it或which → and 5. liked → like 6. as → for 7. real → really 8. Your → My 9. and → but/yet 10. bring → bringing【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者期望成為一名記者的理想。【詳解】1. 考查固定搭配。句意：我想成為一名新聞記者。固定搭配would like to do sth. (想要做某事)，加to。故在like后加to。2. 考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：新聞記者需要非常獨立，具備許多技能。謂語need用復(fù)數(shù)形式，主語也是復(fù)數(shù)形式，用名詞reporter的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將reporter改為reporters。3. 考查主謂一致。句意：尤其需要與人良好溝通，我相信我擅長這一點。動名詞短語Communicating well with people作主語，謂語用單數(shù)is。故將are改為is。4. 考查定語從句或連詞。句意：尤其需要與人良好溝通，我相信我擅長這一點。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞Communicating well with people在從句中做介詞at的賓語，it多余，要刪除it；或把which改為and，由and連接兩個并列句。故刪除it或which改為and。5. 考查時態(tài)。句意：我也喜歡旅行和挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。本文立足現(xiàn)在，敘述愛好，用一般現(xiàn)在時，like用一般現(xiàn)在時形式。故將liked改為like。6. 考查固定搭配。句意：我認(rèn)為為一家報紙工作和來自世界各地的報道確實令人興奮。固定搭配work for…(為……工作)。故將as改為for。7. 考查副詞。句意：我認(rèn)為為一家報紙工作和來自世界各地的報道確實令人興奮。此處用副詞really作狀語，修飾形容詞exciting。故將real改為really。8. 考查代詞。句意：我父母認(rèn)為當(dāng)新聞記者是一項危險的工作，但我并不害怕，因為我喜歡冒險。此處指作者“我的”父母，用形容詞性物主代詞my，首字母大寫。故將Your改為My。9. 考查連詞。句意：我父母認(rèn)為當(dāng)新聞記者是一項危險的工作，但我并不害怕，因為我喜歡冒險。My parents think being a news reporter is a dangerous job和I’m not scared，前后表轉(zhuǎn)折，用并列連詞but/yet。故將and改為but/yet。10. 考查動名詞。句意：我知道我掙不了多少錢，但給全世界的人帶來新聞就足夠了。并列連詞but連接的句子，用動名詞做主語，bring用動名詞形式。故將bring改為bringing。2．（2021·河北衡水中學(xué)二模）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處,多者（從第11處起）不計分。I'm writing to tell you our plan to visit to Mount Huangshan. I'd be very happy to accompany you to go here.Mount Huangshan, locating in southern Anhui Province, famous for its fantastic scenery. Mount Huangshan has more famous scenic attractions than many another mountains in China. It is especial well known for the beautifully-shaped pine tree, clouds and rocks. The hot springs, that come out from deep underground, are suitable to bathe in and even to drink. As it was often cloudy and rainy on the mountain, it would be better to bring a raincoat and wear the suitable pair of shoes. Let's meet at 7：40 at the school gate this Saturday morning. Looking forward to seeing you.【答案】1. 去掉to 2. here →there 3. locating →located 4. 在famous前加is 5. another →cother6. especial →especially 7. tree →trees 8. that →which 9. was →is 10. the →a【分析】這是一篇邀請信。作者在文中介紹了黃山，并邀請朋友一起去黃山游玩。【詳解】第1處，考查及物動詞。句意：我寫信告訴你我們游覽黃山的計劃。visit為及物動詞，所以其后的to多余，故去掉to。第2處，考查副詞。句意：我很樂意陪你去那里。這里指“Mount Huangshan”，應(yīng)為“那里”，故將here改為there。第3處，考查非謂語動詞。句意：黃山位于安徽省南部，以其迷人的風(fēng)景而聞名。分析句子成分可知，“l(fā)ocating in southern Anhui Province”為后置定語，“(be) located in”為固定短語，意為“位于……”，“l(fā)ocate”與所修飾詞“Mount Huangshan”之間為被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞，故將locating改為located。第4處，考查系動詞。句意見上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句使用主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語 “Mount Huangshan” 為第三人稱單數(shù)，該句缺少系動詞，根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故在famous前加is。第5處，考查形容詞。句意：黃山比中國其他許多山有更多著名的風(fēng)景名勝。“another”意為“又一，另一”后接單數(shù)名詞，其前不能用many修飾，“other”意為“其他，另外”，“many other mountains”意為“其他許多山”，符合語境，故將another改為other。第6處，考查副詞。句意：尤其以其造型優(yōu)美的松樹、云和巖石而聞名。修飾動詞短語“be well known for…(因……而聞名)”應(yīng)用副詞形式，故將especial改為especially。第7處，考查名詞。句意見上。tree為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)語境可知，“松樹”應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將tree改為trees。第8處，考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：這些從地下深處冒出來的溫泉既適合洗澡，也適合飲用。分析句子成分可知，“… come out from deep underground”為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“The hot springs”，先行詞在定語從句中作主語，非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，故將that改為which。第9處，考查一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：山上經(jīng)常陰雨連綿，最好帶件雨衣，穿一雙合適的鞋子。根據(jù)語境可知，該句為現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常的狀態(tài)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故將was改為is。第10處，考查冠詞。句意見上。根據(jù)句意，此處“一雙合適的鞋子”應(yīng)為泛指，故將the改為a。

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