專題07 名詞性從句和定語從句 全國各地歷年高考真題全收錄定語從句 12022新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 答案:that解析:考查定語從句關系詞。句意:該計劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護,并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設空處為關系詞引導限制性定語從句,先行詞等于關系詞,設空處在從句中作指物的主語,先行詞為species,且先行詞前為all修飾,只能用關系代詞that。故填that。22022全國甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 答案:who解析:考查定語從句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8歲時因一次車禍失明的男子曹盛康穿過了三個省的40個城市和縣。分析句子結合句意可知,此處是非限定性定語從句,先行詞為Cao Shengkang,指人,在從句中作主語,應用關系代詞who引導。故填who32022年浙江1月)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 答案:that/who解析:考查定語從句。句意:亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一個少數但是不斷增加的少數學者中的一員,因為氣候變化,他們正在削減他們的飛機旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且在從句中作主語,應使用關系代詞替代,故填that/who。42021新課標II卷)I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句。句意:我決定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就給它發(fā)郵件,敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結構, ________ used a lot of plastic是一個定語從句,修飾先行詞a company,關系詞在從句中作主語,指物,用whichthat引導該從句,所以填whichthat52021浙江卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句關系代詞。句意:BMI是一種國際公認的測量工具,它可以顯示一個人的體重是否健康。分析句子結構可知,tool是先行詞,且在從句中做主語,故填that/which。62021天津卷)In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of lifemany of us find comfort in the natural world.A. when B. where C. what D. which答案:A解析:考查定語從句。句意:春天是我們學習新的生活節(jié)奏的季節(jié),許多人在大自然中找到了舒適感。此處a season是先行詞,在后面的定語從句中作時間狀語,定語從句由關系副詞when引導。故選A72020新課標I卷)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 答案:where解析:考查定語從句。句意:中國首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個點,人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個點向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號。分析句子可知,空處引導一個定語從句,先行詞是a spot,關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語,應用where引導。故填where8(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.答案:that解析:考查定語從句。句意:當你睡覺時,你的大腦會整理白天發(fā)生的一切,試圖將新經歷與舊記憶聯系起來。分析句子結構可知,空處需用連接詞引導定語從句,先行詞是不定代詞everything,關系詞在定語從句中作主語,所以此處需用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that。92020新課標III卷)In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike. 答案:whose解析:考查定語從句。句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語,故應用關系代詞whose。故填whose。102019新課標II卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield_________she opened with her late husband Les. 答案:which解析:考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知,先行詞為the pet shop,在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語,故用which。112019新課標III卷)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 答案:who/that解析:考查定語從句。句意:它們被他們的主人訓練地很好,它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經驗。先行詞為masters(主人),且從句缺主語。故關系詞填who122019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句,先行詞是cloth,指物,從句中缺少主語,因此,可以用thatwhich引導。故填that/which132019北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(參與) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源).答案:who解析:考查定語從句。句意:從大學中獲益最多的學生是那些完全投入學術生活的學生。______ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句,修飾先行詞those,空格處在句中作主語,代指人,故填who。142018新課標I卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句,先行詞為study,在定語從句中作主語,所以用whichthat引導。152018新課標II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句。先行詞為program,在定語從句中作主語,所以用thatwhich引導。162018浙江卷)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.答案:who/that解析:考查關系代詞。句中包含定語從句,先行詞是westerners指人,在定語從句中做主語,用關系代詞who/that引導,故填who/that。172018·北京She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. which B. whoC. as D. that答案A解析考查非限制性定語從句。句意她和家人騎自行車去上班,這有助于她們保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定語從句,該從句修飾整個主句,引導詞在從句中做主語,故該從句應用關系代詞which引導。A選項正確。182017新課標I卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health. 答案:which解析:本題主要考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知,主句主謂完整,定語從句缺少主語且從句前有逗號,故此處應填入關系代詞 which,故正確答案為 which192017新課標III卷)But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 答案:who解析:考查定語從句。先行詞是Sarah,因此引導定語從句應使用who。202016新課標I卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,            ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 答案:when解析:考查定語從句。劃線處后面I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.是一個完整的句子,且先行詞he mid-1980s,故答案為when212016新課標III卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,___________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks. 答案:who解析:考查非限制性定語從句。句中有逗號,說明是非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Confucius孔子,定語從句缺少主語,且指人,故填who。222015新課標I卷)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句。先行詞為Li River,從句中缺少主語,用關系代詞。句意:漓江被許多藝術家所繪畫。故用that/which232014新課標I卷)Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy. 答案:that/which解析:考查定語從句。本句是一個定語從句,先行詞是a habit,定語從句中使用關系代詞that/which指代先行詞,在句做主語,不能省略。故填which/that 全國各地歷年高考真題全收錄名詞性從句12022年浙江1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.答案:if/whether解析:考查賓語從句。句意:對于她的出席,Cobb開始詢問邀請她的組織者是否可以遠程進行。顯然ask后面出現了一個賓語從句,賓語從句句意不完整,whether/if“是否符合語境,故填whetherif。22021新課標I卷)_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 答案:what解析:考查主語從句。句意為:這段經歷讓人嘆為觀止的是那些超凡脫俗的場景。引導主語從句,在從句中作主語,表示"……的東西",故填What.32021年北京卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived答案:where解析:考查賓語從句。句意:這個可憐的老婦人不能說清楚她住在哪里。介詞about后是賓語從句,根據句意,此處用where在哪里;……的地方符合句意,從句中作地點狀語,故填where42021年天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.A. whether B. why C. what D. when答案B解析考查表語從句。句意:令Lily的朋友們感到困擾的是她為什么總是有這么多瘋狂的想法。A. whether是否;B. why為什么;C. what什么,所的事兒;D. when什么時間,的時間。分析句子,該空需要一個表語從句的連接詞,結合句意,應該是朋友們不明白Lily 為什么有這么多瘋狂的想法。所以本句為why引導的表語從句。故選B項。52021年天津卷)It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.A. when B. where C. what D. whether答案:C解析考查賓語從句。句意:似乎我已經成為了我父母希望我成為的人。動詞become后面是賓語從句,從句缺少引導詞,且從句中的be缺少表語,所填詞應該起雙重作用。故選C62020年浙江卷)Over thousands of yearsthey began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.答案:what解析:考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時間里,他們開始減少對我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們飼養(yǎng)的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導詞應為連接代詞。根據句意,此處缺什么之意。故填what。72020年北京卷)Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it's possible.答案:if/whether解析:考查連詞。句意:問他們你是否有可能加入他們。____ you can join in when it's possible.是賓語從句,從句成分完整,但缺是否的意思,故填if/whether8 2020·江蘇卷)It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.A. whether B. why C. when D. where【答案】A【解析】考查主語從句。句意:我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題;這只是時間問題。A. whether是否;B. why為什么;C. when什么時候;D. where在哪里。根據下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此處指我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題it是形式主語,whether引導的從句是真正的主語。故選A。92020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.A. that B. what C. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:為了使約瑟夫教授所說的成為現實,這個學生完成了這個實驗。_________ Professor Joseph had saidmake的賓語從句,該從句中,空處在從句中作said的賓語,表示”……所說的話,因此應用what引導該從句。故選B。102019新課標I卷)While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 答案:that解析:考查同位語從句。根據句子結構分析可知,主句為there be句型,且結構完整,空格后為同位語從句,解釋說明中心詞evidence的內容,故填that。112019北京卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.答案:where解析:考查賓語從句。句意:學生在大學里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大學)更重要。這里表達去哪所大學,表示地點,作狀語。故用where。122019·江蘇卷Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. what B. that C. which D. where答案B解析考查同位語從句。句意:科學家已經獲得更多證據,塑料正在進入人們的體內。從句不缺句子成分,且與evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引導同位語從句。故選B。132018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever      B. wherever    C. whoever      D. whatever答案C解析考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意:無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名,金牌將授予他。分析句子可知,賓語從句中缺少主語,故用whoever,表示任何人,無論誰。故選C。142018江蘇卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.A. where       B. when    C. why       D. how答案D解析考查名詞性從句。句意:乘船是到達這里唯一的途徑,這就是我們如何到達的。分析which引導的非限定性定語從句可知,后面為表語從句。分析句意可知,這里用連接副詞how引導表語從句,充當方式狀語,表示如何。故選D。152018新課標III卷)I'm not sure __________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 答案:who解析:考查賓語從句。從句中缺少主語,逗號后面是me or the gorilla,并且后文用her來指代猩猩,將其擬人化了,因此用"who"。162018北京Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. how        B. when        C. where       D. why答案C解析考查名詞性從句。句意:沒有他的支持,我們是不會在現在這個位置的。how表方式,when表時間,where表地點,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表語從句,結合句子的意思可知,該處指我們所處的位置,故該從句應用where引導。C選項正確。172018北京This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how        B. which        C. that       D. what答案D解析考查名詞性從句。句意:沒有他的支持,我們是不會在現在這個位置的。how表方式,when表時間,where表地點,why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表語從句,結合句子的意思可知,該處指我們所處的位置,故該從句應用where引導。C選項正確。18. 2015新課標II卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_________ hick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案:how解析:考查名詞性從句。 句意:美國西南部印第安人們清楚土胚墻需要多么厚才能最好地保證房內冷熱的循環(huán)。 “________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days”figure out的賓語從句。 由句意可知,該從句要用how引導。 how修飾形容詞thick,意為"多么"。        

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