Steve finished his reprt n schedule.
Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
Having wrked fr several days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
Having wrked fr several days, Steve made his reprt finished n schedule.
Steve’s reprt was finished n schedule.
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式:不定式
肯定 主動(dòng) t d 主動(dòng) t have dne 被動(dòng) t be dnet be ding/ t have been ding/t have been dne 否定 nt + 非謂語(yǔ) nt t d nt t have dne nt t be dne
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式:動(dòng)詞ing
(現(xiàn)在分詞+動(dòng)名詞)肯定 主動(dòng) ding having dne 被動(dòng) being dne having been dne否定 nt ding/having dne nt being dne/having been dne
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式:過(guò)去分詞
肯定 dne 否定 nt dne
動(dòng)詞ing – 語(yǔ)法功能
表示正在做某事，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作基本同時(shí)發(fā)生
邏輯上為主動(dòng)關(guān)系；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作完成
表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系；表示某事正在被做；
邏輯上為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作完成,。
邏輯上為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；可表示動(dòng)作的一般時(shí)態(tài)，或者完成的狀態(tài)。
邏輯上為主動(dòng)關(guān)系；表示目的，計(jì)劃，打算
邏輯上為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；表示目的，計(jì)劃，打算
用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.She std n the platfrm, ____________(wnder) whether t stay r leave. 2. The gymnasium _______________(build) fr seven years.3. ________________ (spend) nearly all ur mney, we culdn’t affrd t stay at a htel.4. He ___________ (catch) stealing n the first recent years an English wrd “infsphere” has appeared, _____________ (cmbine) the sense f “infrmatin” and “atmsphere”.
has been built
Having spent
6. _____________ (give) an pprtunity ____________ (attend) a schl abrad, ne must cnsider bth its advantages and disadvantages carefully befre _____________ (make up) his mind. 7. It wuld be flish _____________ (keep) sawing(鋸) away withut ____________ (stp) frm time t time _____________ (make) yur tl sharper.8. Lucy has a gift fr creating an atmsphere that _________ (allw) them t cmmunicate freely.
1. Traveling abrad can braden my been tld many times, he still repeated the same mistake.3. The by standing there is a classmate f mine.4. I fund my hmetwn changed s much.5. Much remains t be dne.6. We agreed t meet here but s far she hasn’t turned up.7. Her mther plans t fly t Beijing t visit her.8. She suggested ding it in a different way.
過(guò)去分詞 v-ed不作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)?。?！1.Praised by her bss made Kate s excited praised by her bss made Kate s excited yesterday.having dne 和 having been dne 只作狀語(yǔ)!!!1.The huses having been built are fr the residents. 2. The huse built are fr the residents.
1)_____________ (cllect) infrmatin is very imprtant t businessman.2 It’s imprtant fr us ____________ (learn)freign languages.3) 和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。______________________ with Shylck．
It is n use arguing
動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 　動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。如：1)As a child，she felt that _________________ was a duty and a pleasure．(探視病人)2) ___________ in an American hme will be a gd experience fr me. (做客)
visiting sick peple
T be a guest
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+ 動(dòng)名詞 i.e. the teacher’s; my/yur/his/her/ur… 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。 _________________________made we wrried. 2) 你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。 Yur being right desn't necessarily mean ___________________________.
my being wrng
My sister’s being ill
1 表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征 (動(dòng)詞ing 相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）　The prblem is quite ________. (puzzle) She gave me a ______ (cnfuse) lk.
2 The rainbw seemed ________ (end) n the hillside.3 Her wrk is ___________( lk )after the children.4 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。 Seeing is __________.
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要人或物所處的狀態(tài)。 But he became inspired when he thught abut helping rdinary peple. 過(guò)去分詞與 動(dòng)詞ing 的區(qū)別1. It was such a ___________ (tire) jb that I really felt ______________ (tire).2. The _____________ (excite) lk n the teacher’s face suggested that she was _____________ (satisfy) with ur perfrmance.
只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的常用動(dòng)詞:admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激 avid 避免cnsider 考慮 dislike 嫌惡 resist抵制deny 否定 enjy 喜歡 escape 逃脫practice 練習(xí) mind介意 miss 逃過(guò)fancy想象 finish 完成 allw/permit 允許risk 冒險(xiǎn) frbid 禁止 　 imagine 設(shè)想 suggest/advise 建議 frgive 原諒delay 推遲 keep/keep n 保持　
?????? C 非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)
只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的常用動(dòng)詞(組)有： be used t, lead t, be devted t, stick t, bject t (反對(duì)), lk frward t, pay attentin t,have difficulty (in), spend time(in), be busy(in)feel like, insist n, give up, cannt help , aplgize fr, be additicted t, be accustmed t
只接動(dòng)詞t d形式的常用動(dòng)詞有： decide determine learn wantexpect hpe refuse managepretend ffer prmise chseplan agree help
既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ) ☆這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞雖然既能用ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如attempt, cntinue, hate, intend, like, lve, prefer, begin, start等，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式區(qū)別不是很大。 　　I intend t ______________ an English-Chinese dictinary. (buy) ☆另一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞，后接不定式和動(dòng)詞ing，意義不同，如 frget, remember, regret, stp, try, mean, We’ve deeply regretted ___________ the huse. (sell)
t buy/buying
frget t d 忘記去做 ding 忘記已經(jīng)做某事remember t d 記住要做某事 ding 記得做過(guò)某事regret t d 遺憾將要做某事 ding 后悔做過(guò)某事stp t d 停下來(lái) 做另一件事 ding 停止做某事try t d 努力做某事 ding 嘗試著做某事mean t d 打算做某事 ding 意味著
動(dòng)詞need, require, want 作“需要” deserve作“應(yīng)受,應(yīng)得”解時(shí), 其后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式(ding)或不定式的被動(dòng)形式(t be dne)表被動(dòng)意義。need/require/want ding = need/require/want t be dneThe car needs repairing. = The car needs t be repaired.
感官動(dòng)詞(see, ntice, watch, bserve, lk at，listen t, hear, feel) + sb + dne
1) 剛才我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her _________ an English sng just nw. 2) 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在唱英文歌。I heard her _________ an English sng.3)人們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她剛唱了一首英語(yǔ)歌。 She was heard __________ an English sng just nw.4) 我想聽(tīng)她唱這首歌. I’d like t hear an English sng ________by her.
2.帶有“致使”含義的動(dòng)詞，即：使役動(dòng)詞
使…去做某事 (主動(dòng)關(guān)系)let/have/make+ sb./sth. + d sth.get sb. t d sth.
have sb./sth. ding 使某人/物 持續(xù)地做get sb./sth. ding 使某人/物 開(kāi)始做
他讓我給他寄信。He gt me t pst the letter fr him.He had/let/made me pst the letter fr him.
have/get/make+ sb./sth + dnelet sb./sth. be dne使…被做
I have had my bike _______(repair).My sister had her wallet _______(steal )n a bus last mnth.The ld man had his leg ______(break)in the accident.
He raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.
3. 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 keep, leave, find,catch
leave sb./sth. ding 讓某人/某物一直處在某種狀態(tài)keep sb./sth. ding 讓某人持續(xù)做某事/某事持續(xù)進(jìn)行find/catch sb./sth. ding 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 leave sb. t d sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. t be dne 留下某事要被做leave sth. undne 留下某事未做keep sb./sth. dne 使某人/某事被…fine sb./sth. dne 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物被…
1. They kept the dr ________(lck)fr a lng time.2. He died and left his nvel_ ________(finish).3. I was surprised t find my hme twn __________ (change) s much.4. A ck will be immediately fired if he is fund ____________ (smke)I n the kitchen.5. We hurriedly ended ur meeting, leaving many prblems _______________ (settle).6. Even the best writers find themselves __________ (lse) fr wrds.
t be settled
1. With many brightly-clred flwers ________ (plant) arund the building, his huse lks like a beautiful garden.2. With everything he needed __________, (buy) he went t the stre.3. With everything he needed ___________, (buy) he left the stre.4. The thief was brught in with his hands _______(tie)back.5. With s much wrk ___________ (fill) my mind.
4. “with+賓語(yǔ)＋ 賓補(bǔ)”= 獨(dú)立主格
不定式作定語(yǔ)1. Yuan Lngping was the first man __________________ (prduce) hybrid rice with a high utput 2. I dn’t have the ability __________ (say) ‘n’ t my classmates when they want t brrw my hmewrk. 分詞形式的形容詞常做前置定語(yǔ) 3. The experience was very ______________. (depress) 4. Alice read the letter with a _____________ (puzzle) frwn.
充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分的非謂語(yǔ)都可以改成定語(yǔ)從句。Last night, there were millins f peple _________ (watch) the pening ceremny live n TV. = wh watched He thught abut helping rdinary peple _________ (expse) t chlera. = wh were expsed t chlera
* 過(guò)去分詞與 動(dòng)詞ing 、不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 已經(jīng)建好的體育館是給學(xué)生們使用的。 The gymnasium _______________are fr the students. 即將被建的體育館 正在被建的體育館 1. The prject _________ (design) by him was cnstructed in nly tw mnths.2. Near the windw, there is a bkshelf _____________ (fill with) bks.
being built
filled with
動(dòng)詞ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ)，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 　　____________________________, we are ready fr the examinatin. 我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。(= After we have made full preparatins...)
Having made full preparatins
3 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。 　　His father died,____________________________. = and he left him a lt f mney.他父親死了，留給他許多錢(qián).4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 _____________________________, yu will succeed.=If yu wrk hard at yur lessns, 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 　　 _____________________________, he still repeated the same mistake.= Althugh he had been tld many times, ...雖然被告訴過(guò)很多次，他仍然重復(fù)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
leaving him a lt f mney
Wrking hard at yur lessns
Having been tld many times
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：邏輯主語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　He lay n the grass,_______________________.= stared at the sky fr a lng time 他躺在草地上，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。
staring at the sky fr a lng time
1. 如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。_____________________, we are ging t visit yu tmrrw.2. With my car _______________,I had t walk t wrk. (repair) With my car ________, I drve it t wrk.
Weather permitting
being repaired
1.Since I dn’t knw her address, I can’t get in tuch with her.2. We have cme here in rder that we can imprve ur English.3. They came int the rm and they were singing and dancing.4. When she heard the news, she culdn’t help laughing.5. After he clsed the windws, he went hme.6. When we had finished the wrk, we went ut t play.7. If the weather permits, we’ll g ut n an Sam came t schl late made his teacher quite angry.
Task:change the fllwing sentences int simple nes.
Nt knwing her address,
T imprve ur English, we have cme here.
They came int the rm, singing and dancing.
Hearing the news, she… …
Having clsed the windws, … …
Having finished the wrk, we … …
Weather permitting, … …
Sam’s cming t schl late made his teacher quite angry
When she was asked why she did it, she began t cry. Asked why she did it, she began t cry. When asked why she did it, she began t cry.
After the lecture had been given, a lively questin-and-answer fllwed. The lecture __________________________ a lively questin-and-answer fllwed.
having been given / given
Because he was mved by her wrds, he decided t help the pr by. Mved by her wrds, he decided t help the pr by.
Since the bk is clearly and thughtful written, the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers. Clearly and thughtful _________________, the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.
If I am given mre time, I’ll catch up with yu. Given mre time, I’ll catch up with yu. If given mre time, I’ll catch up with yu.
Once anyne is tested psitive fr H7N9 flu virus, he r she will receive free medical treatment frm ur gvernment.Anyne, nce _____________ psitive fr H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment frm ur gvernment.
Althugh he was laughed at by thers, he didn’t give up his hpe. Laughed at by thers, he didn’t give up his hpe. Althugh laughed at by thers, he didn’t give up his hpe.
Thugh he had been tld many times, he still repeated the same mistake. _______________________ many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
Tld/ Having been tld
The teacher std there and he was surrunded by many students. The teacher std there, surrunded by many students.
The teacher came int the lab, ______________ by sme students.

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