
?一、重點語法歸納
(一)
1. 不定冠詞a / an 的用法
不定冠詞a / an表示微弱的“一”的概念,但并不強調(diào)數(shù)目,只表示名詞為不特定者。
a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞或者字母前,an用在以元音因素開頭的單詞或者字母前,一般來說元音字母發(fā)元音,輔音字母發(fā)輔音。
—What’s this in English? 這個用英語怎么說?
—It’s an orange. 它是一個橙子。
2.定冠詞the的用法
The是定冠詞,表示特指的人、物或群體,起作用有時相當(dāng)于指示代詞this, that, these, those,表示“這(個),那(個),這些,那些”。它可以用在名詞前,表示特指說話雙方的人或者上文中提到的人或者事物。
當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練一
一、完成句子
1.我們今天下午有一場英語測試。
We have __________ __________ __________ this afternoon.
2.《哈利·波特》是一本有趣的書。
Harry Potter is ________ ________ book.
3.這是一件橙色的夾克衫。
This is ________ ________ jacket.
4.這是一件白色的外套。
This is ________ ________ ________.
5.這個用英語怎么說?是橙子。
____________ this in English? It’s ____________ orange.
二、多句選詞填空
從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,并用其適當(dāng)形式完成下面句子。
Spell???English???ruler???That???orange
6.This is an ________.
7.—What’s this in ________?
—It’s a quilt.
8.—________ it, please.
—P-E-N.
9.________ is a key.
10.It is a ________.
三、用a或an填空
11.It’s ________ pen.
12.It’s ________ apple.
13.—What’s this in English???—It’s ________ orange.
14.—What’s this????—It’s ________ jacket.
15.He is _________ NBA player. (隊員).
(二)
代詞
第一人稱單數(shù)
第二人稱單數(shù)
第三人稱單數(shù)
第三人稱單數(shù)
第三人稱單數(shù)
第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)
第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)
第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)
主格人稱代詞
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
賓格人稱代詞
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
形容詞性物主代詞
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名詞性物主代詞
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 人稱代詞及相對應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞、be 動詞
意思
人稱代詞
形容詞性物主代詞
Be動詞
我
I
my
am
你
you
your
are
他
he
his
is
她
she
her
is
它
it
its
is
我們
we
our
are
你們
you
your
are
他們
they
their
are
注:主語和賓語的定義。
(1)主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式等來充當(dāng)。
例:He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。
Mary is an English girl. 瑪麗是一個英國女孩。
(2)賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之后,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,動詞不定式等。
例:We like English. 我們喜歡英語。
I like oranges. 我喜歡橘子。
2.形容詞性物主代詞在句中修飾名詞,其后必須加名詞,否則為不正確的。
例:My is yellow. (錯誤)---->My jacket is yellow. (正確)
3.名詞性物主代詞?
(1).英語中的物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,其中名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用。
(2). 名詞性物主代詞在句中獨立使用,其后不接名詞;名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。
Look at the two pencils. The blue one is yours and the green one is mine.
看這兩只鉛筆,藍(lán)色的是你的,綠色的是我的。
(3). 名詞性物主代詞用作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)隨所指者的數(shù)而定。
? —Is this ruler yours or hers?
? —It’s mine. Hers is in her bag.(Hers=her ruler)
? —Whose books are these?
? —They are his. Yours are over there.(Yours=Your books)
4.指示代詞this, that, these, those
①指示代詞是表示“這個,那個,這些,那些”的代詞,其中this和these是指距離說話人較近的人或者事物;that和those是指離或華人較遠(yuǎn)的人或者事物。
②指示代詞this, that作主語時,連系動詞be用單數(shù)形式is,同時后面的名詞用單數(shù)形式。
?當(dāng)these, those作主語時,連系動詞be用復(fù)數(shù)形式are,同時后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。③在回答主語是this或that的一般疑問句或特殊疑問句時,在答語中用it代替句中的this或者that。當(dāng)回答these或those作主語的一般疑問句或特殊疑問句時,在答語中用they代替句中的these或those
④介紹某人時,用this或that,而不用he或she.
⑤打電話時,說自己是誰用This is…問別人是誰用Who’s that?
5.如何將單數(shù)句子變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
(1)指示代詞的變化:this變?yōu)閠hese,that變?yōu)閠hose
(2)人稱的變化:第一人稱I變?yōu)閣e,you不發(fā)生變化,he / she / it變?yōu)閠hey.
I am a teacher.我是一位老師 →?We are teachers.?我們是老師。
(3)be動詞的變化:am或is變?yōu)閍re。
Is she your sister??她是你的妹妹嗎? →?Are they your sisters??她們是你的妹妹嗎?
(4)可數(shù)名詞的變化:?可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則:
①一般情況下在詞尾加s?如?pen?→?pens
②以x, s, ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞加es。如 watch → watches
③以o結(jié)尾地詞加s或者es。 如?photo→photos , tomato?→?tomatoes
④以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞,變y為i再加es?。如family?→?families
⑤以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,變f或fe為v再加es 。 如knife → knives
當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練二
一、單項選擇
1.Is grandma at home now? I want to say hello to ________.
A.he B.him C.she D.her
2.—What’s _________ telephone number????—_________ telephone number is 876-0312.
A.his; He B.your; Your C.her; Her
3.—Are those red books ________?
—No, they aren’t. ________ are blue.
A.yours; Mine B.hers; His C.hers; Mine
4.—Where’s my bag?
—________.
A.It’s orange B.It’s a book C.It’s on the chair D.They’re on the chair
5.—Are these your dictionaries?
—________, they’re Kate’s.
A.Yes, they are B.Yes, these are C.No, they aren’t D.No, these aren’t
6.________ is my uncle and ________ are his two sons.
A.This;these B.This;that C.These;that
7.—Is that your brother?
—_________.
A.Yes, he isn’t B.Yes, it isn’t C.No, it isn’t D.No, he isn’t
8.Look! Five ________ and a set of keys ________ on the table.
A.photoes; is B.photos; are C.photos; is D.photoes; are
9.Those ________ my ________.
A.is; dictionarys B.a(chǎn)re; dictionarys C.a(chǎn)re; dictionaries D.is; dictionaries
10.— ________ you happy today?
— Yes. I make ________ with some new students.
A. Do;friends B.Are;friend C.Does;friend D.Are;friends
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空
11.________ (this) are my grandparents.
12.This isn’t her knife, ________ (she) is green.
13.—Is ________ (his) a student?
—Yes, and ________ book is on the desk. (his)
14.The pencil box is ________ (I).
15.Coldplay is very popular. Do you love _____ (they) music?
16.Are ________ (that) his friends?
17.________ (I) name is Jim. And this is my friend, Tom.
18.Tom is my cousin and I like __________ (he) very much.
19.The socks look very nice. I’ll take ________ (they).
20.That isn’t their classroom. It’s ________ (we) classroom.
三、改寫句子
21.The watch is under the bed. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)
The ________ ________ under the bed.
22.That is his dictionary. (改為復(fù)數(shù)句)
________ his ________.
23.He is Alan’s brother.(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)
__________ Alan’s __________.
24.Is Miss Gao your English teacher?(寫出否定回答)
No, _________________________.
25.Are your parents happy?(作否定回答)
No, _________ ________.
26.Is that a dog under the tree?(作肯定回答)
________, ________is.
27.What’s your number? (寫出答語)
________ ________ 942385.
28.Are those Mary’s pencils? (作肯定回答)
________, ________ ________.
(三)
1.be動詞用法
(1)be動詞(am, is, are)這三個動詞常用做連系動詞,在句子中起連接主語和表語的作用。
This is my mother. ?這是我的媽媽。
I am nine. ???我九歲了。
You are my good friend. ??你是我的好朋友。
(2)be動詞三種形式的使用主要取決于主語。主語是第一人稱I(我)時,用am,主語是第二人稱you(你,你們)或名詞及代詞的復(fù)數(shù)時,用are,主語是第三人稱單數(shù)it / he / she(它/他/她)或名詞及代詞單數(shù)時,用is.
(3)am , is, are的意思是“是”,但不能處處翻譯成“是”。例,How are you? ?你好嗎?
2.含be動詞的一般疑問句
①將含有be動詞的陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換一般疑問句
將be動詞(am, is, are)提到句首(首字母要大寫),如果原句中的主語是第一人稱要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q,句末加問號。
例:I am Zhang Yang?→?Are you Zhang Yang?
That is my bike ?→?Is that your bike?
②含有be動詞的一般疑問句的肯定回答與否定回答
肯定回答:Yes,主語+be
否定回答:No,?主語+be
例:—Is this your pen?
???—Yes, it is / No, it isn’t.
當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練三
一、單項選擇
1.— ________ Lucy from America?
— No, she ________come from America. She is English.
A.Does; doesn’t B.Is; isn’t C.Does; isn’t D.Is; doesn’t
2.—??________ your mother busy this weekend?
— Yes. She has a lot of housework to do. And I will help her with the housework.
A.Does B.Are C.Do D.Is
3.—________ Ann in Class 3?
—Yes, she is.
A.Does B.Do C.Is D.Are
4.—Where ____________ Frank come from?
—He ____________ from the United States.
A.is; is B.does; come
C.does; is D.is; comes
5.——Excuse me! ______ you Mr. Green?
——Yes. My name _____ Jack Green.
A. Are; am B.Is; am C.Is; are D.Are; is
二、改寫句子
6.The zoo is behind the park. (對畫線部分提問)
________ ________ the zoo?
7.My last name is Green (對畫線部分提問)
________ ________ last name?
8.The flowers are on the table.(對畫線部分提問)
________ ________ the flowers?
9.What does your father do? (改為同義句)
_________ your father’s ________?
10.Are you talking on the phone now?(作否定回答)
____, ________.
(四)
一、 where引導(dǎo)的疑問句
1、 詢問某人來自哪里或是哪里人?Where is/are +主語+from?或Where do/does+主語+come from?主語若是物,那么句意為“此物產(chǎn)于何地?”
2、 如何詢問某人住在哪里:Where does/do+主語+live?eg:Where does he live?He lives in Ningbo.
對地點提問用where.
由where引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句意在詢問人或者物品所在的位置,句式“where +be+名詞”,注意where后的be動詞用is還是用are,取決于be動詞后面的名詞時單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。答語句式:It is +介詞短語 (對應(yīng)的問句為where is);They are+介詞短語(對應(yīng)的問句為where are)或者直接用介詞短語回答,省略it is或they are。
例:1.—Where is my eraser? ?—It’s on the desk. / On the desk.
2.—Where are the keys? ?—They are under the bed. / Under the bed.
二、介詞的用法:(4)?表示方位的介詞:on, in, behind, between, under等。
on在……上面(緊貼著某物,有面的接觸)in?在……里面;behind在……后面;between在……之間,常于and連用;under在……的下面。
in表示“在…內(nèi)部”的意思,eg:What is in the box?
On表示“在某物的上面”,但兩者互相接觸。Eg My books are on that desk.
Under表示“在某物垂直的正下方”,兩者之間不接觸。Eg My cat is under my chair.
當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練四
一、單項選擇
1.—Where’s my bag???
—________.
A.It’s red B.Yes, it is C.It’s on the chair D.It’s very nice
2.—Where do you live ________, Jack?
—I live ________ the end of the Jiefang Road.
A.in; in B.in; at C./; at
3.—Tom, where are my books?
— ________
A.Yes, they are. B.I know it. C.Sorry, I don’t know. D.No, they aren’t.
4.The Wuhan Changjiang Bridge is the first bridge __________ the Yangtze River.
A.in B.on C.a(chǎn)cross D.a(chǎn)round
5.—Where is your brother?
—He is ________ the room.
A.for B.under C.in D.on
6.The English book is ________ the desk ________ the computer room.
A.on; under B.under; in C.under; on D.in; under
二、改寫句子
7.Where are you from? (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Where ________ you ________ ________?
8.The teacher’s book is on the pencil box.(改為同義句)
The pencil box is ________ the teacher’s book.
9.Where is my ruler?(改為復(fù)數(shù)句)?????????
Where ________ ________ ________?
(五)
have的一般現(xiàn)在時
have意為“有”,表示所屬關(guān)系,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,其主語一般是人,有時也可以是物;has為have的第三人稱單數(shù)形式,用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞或第三人稱單數(shù)代詞作主語的句子中。
1、 人稱和數(shù)的變化,第一、二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)或第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)代詞作主語的句子中I、We,you,they后面是have;he、she、it后面是has
Eg: I have a bag.
Eg:She has a ruler.
2、 改否定句:借助助動詞do或does,即don’t have或doesn’t have
否定句式:主語+don’t / doesn’t +have…
I?don’t have an eraser.?我沒有橡皮。 ??
He doesn’t have an eraser.??
3、 一般疑問句:句首借助助動詞do或does,謂語動詞一律用have,句尾加問號構(gòu)成。在句首加助動詞do或does,除第三人稱單數(shù)用does外,其余都用do.
回答時,肯定:Yes,主語+do/does. 否定:No,主語+don’t/doesn’t.
Do you have a baseball bat? Yes,I do. No,I don’t.
Does he have a basketball? Yes,he does. No,he doesn’t.
當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練五
一、單項選擇
1.—Have you got any juice???
—_______.
A.Yes, I do??????????????????? B.There is some juice C.No, I haven’t
2.– Has she got a new schoolbag?
– ______. She still uses her old one.
A.Yes, she has B.No. she hasn’t C.Yes, she does D.No. she doesn’t
3.—Have you got any fruit, Helen?
—_________.
A.Yes, I am B.No, I don’t C.Yes, I have D.No, I hasn’t
二、據(jù)句意用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. She ______ (have) a CD player. It’s on the table.
2. Lin Tao______(not have)a clock.
3. —Do they have a volleyball?
—No, they ________(not).
三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1.Tom has got a potato.(改為一般疑問句,并作肯定回答)
—________
—________
2.My father has got a car. (改為否定句)
My father __________ __________ a car.
(六)
一、名詞的分類:名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞。
普通名詞又可分為下面四類:
1、 個體名詞:表示某類人或東西中的個體。例如:book 書 apple 蘋果
2、 集體名詞:表示若干個體組成的集合體。例如:family 家庭 people 人
3、 物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)。 例如:water 水 air 空氣
4、 抽象名詞:表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等。例如:work 工作 happiness 幸福
其中個體名詞和集體名詞都是可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都是不可數(shù)名詞。有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同。如:表示動物類的名詞,表示動物時可數(shù),表示餐座上的肉時不可數(shù),如fish,chicken。
二、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化:
1、直接在末尾加s,例如:books,bags 清輔音念s,濁輔音念z。
2、以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加es。例如:Classes watches
3、以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加s。
4、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,將y變成i再加es。
5、以f或fe 結(jié)尾的,去掉f或fe加ves。
6、以o結(jié)尾的,特殊的四個后面加es,其余加s。特殊四個單詞為:hero,Negro,potato,tomato.
拓展 名詞的不規(guī)則變化:
1、child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。
如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans; Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。
2、單復(fù)同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,yuan
除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式;如: a dollar, two dollars; a pound,two pounds;
3、集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù)。
如: people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle。
4、 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes
若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對,雙); suit(套)? a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
三、不可數(shù)名詞:不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能直接用數(shù)詞來表示數(shù)量,如果要表示數(shù)量,必須借助其他詞來完成。用“計量單位詞+of短語”表示,其數(shù)量也應(yīng)該通過of前面的名詞來體現(xiàn)出來。
a glass of water?一杯水?? two glasses of water?兩杯水
a cup of tea?一杯茶 two cups of tea?兩杯茶 ??
a piece of bread?一片面包? two pieces of bread兩片面包
還有一類詞既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞,
如:orange(橘子汁,不可數(shù))→?oranges(橘子,可數(shù))
?chicken(雞肉,不可數(shù))→chickens(小雞,可數(shù))
當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練六
一、單項選擇
1.There ________ a book and two cups of ________ on the table.
A.is; coffee B.a(chǎn)re; coffees C.is; coffees D.a(chǎn)re; coffee
2.—What would you like???
—I’d like ________.
A.two bottles of oranges B.two baskets of orange
C.two bottle of orange juice D.two bottles of orange juice
3.—What’s in the fridge?
—A few ________, but little ________.
A.a(chǎn)pple; milk B.milk; apples
C.oranges; orange D.oranges; oranges
4.—What do the ________ do?
—They’re doctors.
A.woman B.women C.man D.womans
5.There are lots of ________ on the farm.
A.sheep B.chicken C.horse D.meat
6.— Are your brothers students?
— No, they aren’t. They are ________.
A.policeman B.policewoman
C.policemen D.policewomen
7.Here are my ________.
A.pen B.jacket C.photoes D.oranges
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空
8.Where are my ________ (key)? I can’t find them.
9.What color are these ________ (box)?
10.These two ________ (man) are Jim’s teachers.
11.The Greens have two ________ (child).
12.There is too ________ (many) water on the ground.
13.It’s very hot today. I want some cool ________ (juice).
三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
仔細(xì)閱讀下面五個句子,按要求改寫句子。
14.That shirt is white.(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________ is that shirt?
15.My pen is in my pencil box.(對劃線部分提問)
____________ _________ pen ?
16.This book is mine.(變?yōu)橥x句)
This is ________ ________.
17.There is a box on the desk.(變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式).
There______some________on the desk.
18.Are those her keys?(做否定回答)
________ ,they________ .
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