
?鹽城市伍佑中學
2022/2023學年度秋學期高二年級學情調研(一)
英語試題
時間:120分鐘 總分:150分
第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
1. Who is the man looking for?
A. Tami. B. Dr. Maxwell. C. Alison Simpson.
2. What will the woman probably do?
A. Call the airline soon.
B. Stay at home for a while.
C. Leave for the airport before lunch.
3. What does the man think of his current book?
A. It’s exciting. B. It’s relaxing. C. It’s long.
4. When does the man hope to see the woman?
A. This afternoon. B. Tomorrow night. C. Tomorrow afternoon.
5. What does the man mean?
A. He didn’t put in any sugar.
B. He added some natural flavors.
C. He also thinks the coffee tastes strange.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6. Why is the woman upset?
A. Her order isn’t ready yet.
B. The man forgot her order.
C. Some guests will be late.
7. At what time will the wedding start?
A. 10:00. B. 10:30. C. 12:00.
聽第7段材料,回答第8至9題。
8. Who lived in Los Angeles?
A. The woman’s aunt and uncle.
B. The man’s grandparents.
C. The woman’s parents.
9. What will the speakers do next?
A. Have a picnic. B. Go hiking. C. Try to catch some fish.
聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。
10. What did the man study in college?
A. Art history. B. Medicine. C. Business.
11. How do the speakers know each other?
A. They’re neighbors.
B. They’re salesman and customer.
C. They’re teacher and student.
12. What is the man’s advice for the woman?
A. Doing what her father suggests.
B. Exploring all the possibilities.
C. Making a decision as early as possible.
聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。
13. How does the woman want to pay?
A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. With her smartphone.
14. What does the man think of PayPal?
A. It is free. B. It is popular. C. It isn’t very fast.
15. Where is Venmo accepted?
A. At many small shops. B. At most large stores. C. At a lot of restaurants.
16. What does the woman offer to do for the man?
A. Download the app. B. Send him an invitation. C. Lend him some money.
聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。
17. What is the weather probably like?
A. Hot. B. Dry. C. Rainy.
18. Where did Matt begin his journey?
A. In England. B. In California. C. In Hawaii.
19. How many hours was Matt’s longest flight?
A. Fourteen hours. B. Sixteen hours. C. Sixteen and a half hours.
20. What will Matt do next?
A. Interview someone. B. Share his experiences. C. Plan on another journey.
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。
A
Things to Do in London This Weekend
Now, some of the most cherished London venues have opened their doors again. Take a look at our lists of exactly what is opening up in London.
Columbia Road Flower Market
The Columbia Road Flower Market is reopening this weekend, but it will be quite different. Stands will be spread out. Nearby roads will be closed and there will be a limit on the number of people who can enter the market. The statement is also calling on locals to support the market but advises people not to visit frequently in order to avoid overcrowding.
Lambeth Country Show
The festival of countryside won' t be held in its usual home of Brock well Park this year. However, it is being taken online instead. All your favourite aspects of the fair will be part of the virtual edition this weekend, including the highly popular Vegetable Sculpture Competition and other usual lower show competitions, local-themed talks, craft market and virtual music performances.
Walthamstow Garden Party
The free two-day festival in E17 is going online this year. Over the weekend you can tune in to music and take part in online workshops from crafting to Tai Chi. Don't miss the highlight of the weekend: East London Radio' s first-ever live show taking place across the weekend with behind-the-scenes chats with local artists, live music from St Mary's Church and much more.
Brixton Courtyard
A new beer garden is opening in Brixton with D sets, wine tastings and more in a safe environment. South London music venue Brixton Jamm has improved its outdoor space with spaced-out booths and picnic benches.
1. What measure will be taken in Columbia Road Flower Market?
A. Canceling the stands
B. Forbidding travelers to visit.
C. Limiting the customer number.
D. Checking the temperature of travelers.
2. What are Lambeth Country Show and the festival in E17 in common?
A. Both are held online. B. Both last for two days.
C. Both include competitions. D. Both present virtual music.
3. Which of the following will you recommend if someone wants to have a drink?
A. Columbia Road Flower Market. B. Lambeth Country Show.
C. Walthamstow Garden Party D. Brixton Courtyard.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是應用文,介紹倫敦一些重新開放的場所。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二自然段中“Nearby roads will be closed and there will be a limit on the number of people who can enter the market.”(附近的道路將被封閉,進入市場的人數(shù)也將受到限制。)可知Columbia Road Flower Market重新開放后會限制客流量。故選C項。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第三自然段中“The festival of countryside won' t be held in its usual home of Brock well Park this year. However, it is being taken online instead.”(今年的鄉(xiāng)村音樂節(jié)不會在布洛克威爾公園舉行。然而,它被放到了網(wǎng)上。)和第四自然段中“The free two-day festival in E17 is going online this year.”(今年,E17兩天免費的音樂節(jié)將在網(wǎng)上直播。)可知Lambeth Country Show 和the festival in E17都將轉到網(wǎng)絡上。故選A項。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第五自然段中“A new beer garden is opening in Brixton with D sets, wine tastings and more in a safe environment.”(一個新的啤酒花園在布里克斯頓開放,你可以在這個安全的環(huán)境里品嘗葡萄酒和做一些其它事情。)可知在Brixton Courtyard可以品嘗葡萄酒,如果有人想喝一杯,你會推薦Brixton Courtyard。故選D項。
B
“Instagram (a social networking app) will cut out many users’ accounts on December 20. To protect your account, repost this warning #KeepMyAccountSafe.” Every few months, it happens again — dozens of annoying posts from my kids’ friends suddenly start to appear on my Instagram news feed.
According to a new study by Stanford University, most kids don’t know what news is false. Researchers asked more than 7,800 middle school and high school students to complete 56 tasks, like distinguishing an advertisement from a real news story on a website and determining which blog in a series was most reliable. They found that students judged the credibility of blogs based not on the source of the material, but on how much detail they contained, or whether a large photo was attached.
“Many people assume that because young people are fluent in social media, they can distinguish fake news, but our work shows the opposite to be true,” wrote the lead study author Sam Wineburg, a professor at Stanford’s Graduate School of Education.
Both Google and Facebook are now taking steps to prevent misleading news from making its way on their platforms, but they won’t be able to eliminate it completely. That is why it’s now more important than ever to teach our kids to think critically when it comes to believing various information sources.
“In the coming months, we look forward to sharing our assessments and working with educators to create materials that will guide young people in the sea of disinformation they encounter online,” said Wineburg.
4. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?
A. By stating opinions. B. By citing sayings.
C. By quoting a post. D. By showing findings.
5. According to researchers, what determines the credibility of online information?
A. The size of relevant photos B. The popularity of the website.
C. The amount of detail. D. The source of the material.
6. What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Update. B. Remove. C. Estimate. D. Digest.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Stronger Together: The Internet Changes Our Life
B. Reliable News Has No Place on Social Media
C. Be Careful: Kids Are Bad at Identifying Fake News
D. Educators Have a Long Way to Go to Guide the Young.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了斯坦福大學的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)孩子不知道什么新聞是假的。文章介紹了這項研究開展的過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn),研究人員指出應當教我們的孩子在相信各種信息來源時進行批判性思考。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“‘Instagram (a social networking app) will cut out many users’ accounts on December 20. To protect your account, repost this warning #KeepMyAccountSafe.’ Every few months, it happens again — dozens of annoying posts from my kids’ friends suddenly start to appear on my Instagram news feed. (“社交網(wǎng)絡應用Instagram將于12月20日關閉許多用戶的賬戶。為了保護您的賬戶,請轉發(fā)此警告#KeepMyAccountSafe?!?每隔幾個月,這種事情就會再次發(fā)生——來自孩子的朋友們的幾十條煩人帖子會出現(xiàn)在我的Instagram動態(tài)中)”可推知,在第一段中作者通過引用自己Instagram動態(tài)中出現(xiàn)的一些說法來引入文章的主題。故選B。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“According to a new study by Stanford University, most kids don’t know what news is false.(根據(jù)斯坦福大學的一項新研究,大多數(shù)孩子不知道什么新聞是假的)”和“They found that students judged the credibility of blogs based not on the source of the material, but on how much detail they contained, or whether a large photo was attached.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn),學生們判斷博客的可信度不是基于材料的來源,而是基于它們包含多少細節(jié),或者是否附有一張大照片)”可知,研究人員認為,大多數(shù)孩子不知道什么新聞是假的,是因為他們判斷博客的可信度不是基于材料的來源,由此推知,決定網(wǎng)絡信息可信度的是材料的來源。故選D。
【6題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Both Google and Facebook are now taking steps to control misleading news from making its way on their platforms, but they won’t be able to eliminate it completely. (谷歌和Facebook現(xiàn)在都在采取措施控制誤導新聞在他們的平臺上傳播,但他們不可能完全eliminate它) ”中but可知,上下文有轉折,雖然谷歌和Facebook在采取措施控制誤導新聞的傳播,但不可能完全消除這些新聞。畫線詞eliminate意思為“消除”,與remove意思相近。故選B。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文,結合第二段中“According to a new study by Stanford University, most kids don’t know what news is fake.(根據(jù)斯坦福大學的一項新研究,大多數(shù)孩子不知道什么新聞是假的)”可知,文章介紹了斯坦福大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)孩子不知道什么新聞是假的,并分析了原因,給出了建議。由此推知,B選項“小心:孩子們不擅長識別假新聞”是文章最佳標題。故選C。
C
Perhaps you have seen them, those who fall asleep on the subway and then, somehow, wake up exactly at their stop. Perhaps you are one of them. How is this possible? We spoke to two doctors, who offered their insights about it.
It is possible that your body gets used to waking up at a certain point each time during your commute, said Dr. Marc I. Leavey, a primary-care specialist in Maryland. That holds especially true if you commute at the same time every day. This suggests that if you were to get on at a different time, or if the journey were delayed, your internal clock might not wake you up at your stop. It is an interesting theory, but Dr. Ronald Chervin, director of Michigan Medicine’s Sleep Disorders Centers, does not fully buy it. He is skeptical that circadian rhythms can also explain why you wake up after a brief nap.
You are also likely to wake up for your particular stop because of an oral cue, such as the conductor stating the name of the subway stop over the public-address system. Such cues alert your brain that you have arrived, explained Dr Leavey. According to a study published in the Public Library of Science, during sleep, our brain reacts differently when we hear our own name and other people’s names, noted Dr Chervin. This suggests that your brain does not turn off during sleep, which makes it possible to pick up on the announcement of your stop.
Another reasonable possibility: You may wake up at each stop, check if it is yours, and go back to sleep, all without having remembered it, added Dr. Chervin. He sees this in cases where patients are suffering from sleep apnea. They may wake up as many as 200 times during a single night, without having remembered a single instance. That’s because they fall right back asleep before their brain has time to process their experience into long-term memory. Similarly, you could be waking up every time you hear a new stop called. But you just don’t remember such instances even after you fully come awake for your stop—leading you to believe that you have slept the whole way through and miraculously woken up at the right time.
8. According to Dr Leavey, which of the following might wake you up at your stop?
A. Sense of time. B. Sleep apnea. C. Internal clock. D. Oral communication.
9. What does the underlined expression “doesn’t fully buy it” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. He can’t agree more. B. He can’t catch it well.
C. He doesn’t like it at all. D. He doesn’t totally believe it.
10. How will our brain react when we hear our name called during sleep?
A. Actively. B. Passively. C. Differently. D. Casually.
11. How does Dr. Chervin explain his findings in the last paragraph?
A By introducing a concept. B. By making a comparison.
C. By using an expert’s words. D. By referring to another study.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。生活中一些人在地鐵上睡著了,然后不知怎么的,在他們到站的時候醒來。對此,Marc I. Leavey和Ronald Chervin兩位專家給出了各自的解釋。
【8題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It is possible that your body gets used to waking up at a certain point each time during your commute, said Dr. Marc I. Leavey, a primary-care specialist in Maryland. That holds especially true if you commute at the same time every day. This suggests that if you were to get on at a different time, or if the journey were delayed, your internal clock might not wake you up at your stop. (馬里蘭州的初級保健專家Marc I. Leavey醫(yī)生說,有可能你的身體已經(jīng)習慣了在通勤途中每次的特定時間醒來。如果你每天都在同一時間通勤,這一點尤其正確。 這表明,如果你在不同的時間上車,或者旅途被延誤,你的生物鐘可能不會在你到站時叫醒你)”可知,Leavey醫(yī)生認為生物鐘可能會在你到站時叫醒你。故選C。
【9題詳解】
句意猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“He is skeptical that circadian rhythms can also explain why you wake up after a brief nap.”可知,Chervin博士對為什么小睡后會醒來持懷疑態(tài)度,可見他并不完全相信Leavey醫(yī)生認為生物鐘可能會在到站時喚醒人的說法。故畫線部分意思是“他并不完全相信”。故選D。
【10題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“According to a study published in the Public Library of Science, during sleep, our brain reacts differently when we hear our own name and other people’s names, noted Dr Chervin. This suggests that your brain does not turn off during sleep, which makes it possible to pick up on the announcement of your stop.( Chervin博士指出,根據(jù)發(fā)表在《科學公共圖書館》上的一項研究,在睡眠期間,當我們聽到自己的名字和別人的名字時,大腦的反應是不同的。這表明你的大腦在睡覺時并沒有停止工作,這使得你有可能聽到你停下來的通知)”可知,當我們在睡眠中聽到自己的名字時,我們的大腦會有積極的反應。故選A。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“He sees this in cases where patients are suffering from sleep apnea. They may wake up as many as 200 times during a single night, without having remembered a single instance. That’s because they fall right back asleep before their brain has time to process their experience into long-term memory. Similarly, you could be waking up every time you hear a new stop called. But you just don’t remember such instances even after you fully come awake for your stop—leading you to believe that you have slept the whole way through and miraculously woken up at the right time.(他在患有睡眠呼吸暫停的病人身上看到了這種情況。他們可能在一個晚上醒來多達200次,卻不記得任何事情。這是因為他們在大腦有時間將他們的經(jīng)歷加工成長期記憶之前就睡著了。 類似地,你可能會在每次聽到一個新的停止的聲音時醒來。但你就是不記得這樣的事情,即使在你完全清醒后停止——這讓你相信你已經(jīng)睡了整個過程,然后奇跡般地在正確的時間醒來)”可推知,Chervin博士在最后一段通過比較解釋了他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。
D
Hundreds of millions have rolled up their sleeves for the COVID-19 vaccine, but why haven’t they rolled up their pants instead? What’s the science behind why we get most vaccines in our arm?
Most vaccines are given in the muscle—this is known as an intramuscular injection (肌肉注射). Some vaccines, are given orally. Others are given just beneath the skin.
But why is the muscle so important and does location matter?
Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration (藥物的施用) site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells. These immune cells recognize the antigen(抗原), a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response. In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes(淋巴結). Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localized, allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work. Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels, which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes, important parts of our immune system, contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized. Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid (三角肌) muscle may result in local inflammation(發(fā)炎) or soreness at the injection site. If certain vaccines are injected into fat issue, the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
Yet another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle. Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid. Younger children receive their vaccines mid-thigh(大腿) because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed.
Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability. Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around? Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred.
12. How many reasons are mentioned for the vaccines given in the muscle?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
13. Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site?
A. Muscles can easily recognize bacteria.
B. Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses.
C. Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells.
D. Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses.
14. What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat issues?
A. Poor blood supply. B. Better absorption.
C. Rapid fat loss. D. Local pain.
15. Where is the passage most likely taken from?
A. an advertisement B. a journal
C. a speech D. a novel
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了打疫苗為什么選擇在胳膊上。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration (藥物的施用) site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells Thee immune cells recognize the antigen.(肌肉是完美的疫苗藥物的施用地方,因為肌肉包含重要的免疫細胞。這些免疫細胞能夠辨認抗原)”第五段第一句“Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localized. (肌肉組織也趨向于保持疫苗反應局部化)”第六段第一句“Yet another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle. (另外一個決定疫苗施用的位置是肌肉的尺寸)”和第七段第一句“Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability.(還有一個考慮的是便利和病人的接受性)”可知,疫苗注射在肌肉上有四個原因。故選C項。
【13題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration (藥物的施用) site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.(肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位,因為肌肉組織含有重要的免疫細胞。)”可知,肌肉是很好的注射部位是因為肌肉組織含有重要的免疫細胞。故選C項。
【14題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“If certain vaccines are injected into fat issue, the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.(如果在脂肪組織中注射特定的疫苗,由于脂肪組織供血不足,導致對某些疫苗成分的吸收不良,導致疼痛的紅腫幾率增加。)”可知,向脂肪組織注射疫苗會導致局部疼痛。故選D項。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Hundreds of millions have rolled up their sleeves for the COVID-19 vaccine, but why haven’t they rolled up their pants instead? What’s the science behind why we get most vaccines in our arm?(數(shù)億人已經(jīng)挽起袖子接種COVID-19疫苗,但他們?yōu)槭裁床煌炱鹧澴幽?為什么我們手臂上注射的疫苗最多?這背后的科學是什么?)”結合文章主要說明了為什么要在肌肉組織中注射疫苗的原因以及決定接種部位的因素等??赏浦@篇文章很可能摘自一本醫(yī)療期刊。故選B項。
第二節(jié) 七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
It happens all the time-you are standing on a bus, listening to music, when you feel someone's breath on the back of your neck. You think to yourself: Is this person getting too close to me? The answer is yes. Everyone has a sense of personal space.____16____
According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people,____17____reported Los Angeles Times. In the study, researchers from University College of London asked volunteers to hold their hands at different distances from their face. They then gave them an electric shock on their hand while measuring how often the volunteers blinked. The more they blinked(眨眼),___18___
The results among volunteers were a little different but the average personal space was 20 to 40 centimeters. Researchers also found that the more anxious a person was, the larger their personal space was because they were more sensitive.
Besides psychological factors,___19___. For example, a person who grew up in a country that hugs a lot has less of a problem with strangers getting too close than a person who grew up in one with more distance between people.
___20___"If you are chatting to someone in your living room, you won't have a large safety margin(界限)at all," explained researcher Gian Domenico Iannetti. "But if you are walking through a dangerous area, then that will be much bigger." Sadly, sometimes people just don't understand the idea of personal space and keep getting into yours. Whenever that happens, rather than trying to step backwards, researchers suggest that you "create a new space" by turning to wave at someone passing by or to get something out of your bag.
A. But how big is this space?
B. it shows that they are worried about their hands.
C. the more of a threat they felt the shock was to their face.
D. but generally it is between 20 to 40 centimeters in front of the face.
E. culture is also thought to be able to change your personal space.
F People's senses of personal space also depend on the environments they are in.
G. It is clear that people's senses of personal space is considered to be very important.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了在一些公共社交場合中,你是否有時會覺得他人和自己靠的太近,從而在心理上感到不適。其實,這是因為,他侵入了你的“個人空間”。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Everyone has a sense of personal space.”(每個人都有個人空間感。)和下文“According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people”(根據(jù)一項新的研究,空間的大小對不同的人是不同的)可知,設空處承上啟下,詢問空間的大小。A項:But how big is this space?(但是這個空間有多大呢?)符合語境。故選A。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“According to a new study, the size of the space is different for different people”(根據(jù)一項新的研究,空間的大小對不同的人是不同的)可知,設空處跟具體的大小有關,D項:but generally it is between 20 to 40 centimeters in front of the face.(但通常是在面部前方20到40厘米之間。)符合語境。故選D。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)句型“the more...... the more…...”可知句意:眨眼的頻率越高,說明他們認為電擊對自己面部的威脅程度越高。故選C。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)上句的besides...和下句中的also...可知:“除了心理因素之外,文化也被認為能夠影響個人空間的大小?!币约敖酉聛硭劦降牟煌幕目臻g感,E項:culture is also thought to be able to change your personal space.(文化也被認為能夠改變你的個人空間。)符合語境。故選E。
【20題詳解】
設空處是本段的主題句。根據(jù)下文“"If you are chatting to someone in your living room, you won't have a large safety margin at all," explained researcher Gian Domenico Iannetti. "But if you are walking through a dangerous area, then that will be much bigger." (研究人員Gian Domenico Iannetti解釋說:“如果你在客廳里和某人聊天,你根本就沒有很大的安全極限?!薄暗绻阏┻^一個危險區(qū)域,那就會大得多?!保?可知,人們對不同環(huán)境下空間概念不同,F(xiàn)項:People's senses of personal space also depend on the environments they are in.(人們的個人空間感也取決于他們所處的環(huán)境。)符合語境。故選F。
第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
While washing dishes, I sometimes look into the kitchen window of our neighbour’s house. Our kitchen is always ____21____ but our neighbours, two young men whom I only know in passing, never seem to turn on their light. Once as I was washing apples, my eyes ____22____ Shadow gave way to shape. Then I ____23____ them — head bent, pouring the pickle (腌菜) juice from an empty jar.
On the first Saturday of the COVID-19 lockdown, I wanted to be a good ____24____ to them. The pandemic seemed to be getting worse. I ____25____ what the weeks and months ahead might look like. Our family have been trying to take the idea of “l(fā)ove the neighbour” ____26____ , and sometimes that does literally mean the person living next door, ____27____ you’ve only met them from the kitchen window.
So I made a sign reading “Have a nice day!” and stuck it on my kitchen window. A while later, a sign appeared on their window with a ____28____ for us. “Thank you. You too!”
We went on like this for a few days and I thought of how this would be a nice story for us all: ____29____ by signs and moving from strangers to good friends. _____30_____ around Day 5, I posted a line of a Mary Oliver poem, and that was the _____31_____ of that. Maybe I was showing off, so I stopped. However, a week later, when I went out to quiet our yelling dog, I saw one of the guys. “Sorry, we didn’t find a _____32_____ ,” he said. “We meant to,” he added. “And then we never _____33_____ .” “That’s okay,” I replied. And we both went back inside.
It is so _____34_____ to be a good neighbour now. We can’t _____35_____ and knock on a door, or even lend things. After this is all over, I have decided I will invite all our neighbours over for dinner. I can’t be a neighbour now, but I can be a neighbour then. The pandemic will have knitted us together like an old worn sock and we’ll stay that way.
21. A. lit up B. mounted up C. sprang up D. fixed up
22. A. glared B. adjusted C. choked D. closed
23. A. admired B. absorbed C. called D. saw
24. A. guide B. doctor C. assistant D. neighbour
25. A. asked B. doubted C. worried D. found
26. A. normally B. lightly C. seriously D. carefully
27. A. as though B. so that C. in case D. even if
28. A. proposal B. letter C. gift D. message
29. A. writing B. communicating C. congratulating D. investigating
30. A. Everywhere B. Anywhere C. Somewhere D. Nowhere
31. A. puzzle B. cause C. chart D. end
32. A. poem B. passage C. politics D. proverb
33. A. tried B. did C. needed D. wrote
34. A. hard B. interesting C. annoying D. lucky
35. A. cut in B. show up C. look out D. come about
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了疫情期間兩位鄰居用寫標牌進行交流的故事。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我們的廚房總是亮著燈,但我們的鄰居,我只是打過照面的兩個年輕人,似乎從不開燈。A. lit up點亮;B. mounted up增長;C. sprang up出現(xiàn);D. fixed up修理,解決。根據(jù)連詞but可知上下文有轉折關系,下文講鄰居家的廚房似乎從不開燈,而上文講作者家的廚房總是亮著燈,構成轉折關系。故選A。
【22題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:有一次我洗蘋果的時候,我的眼睛適應了光線。A. glared怒目而視;B. adjusted適應;C. choked窒息;D. closed關閉。根據(jù)下文“Shadow gave way to shape.”可知,作者看到鄰居廚房里的人影,由此可知,他的眼睛適應了光線。故選B。
【23題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然后我看到他們低著頭,從空罐子里倒泡菜汁。A. admired 欽佩;B. absorbed吸收;C. called稱呼;D. saw看見。根據(jù)下文“head bent, pouring the pickle (腌菜) juice from an empty jar.”可知,作者看到鄰居在干什么。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在COVID-19封鎖的第一個周六,我想和他們成為好鄰居。A. guide向導;B. doctor醫(yī)生;C. assistant助手;D. neighbour鄰居。根據(jù)下文“Our family have been trying to take the idea of ‘love the neighbour’ 6 ,”可知,作者一家希望在疫情期間做個好鄰居。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我擔心未來幾周或幾個月的情況。A. asked詢問;B. doubted懷疑;C. worried擔心;D. found發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“The pandemic seemed to be getting worse”可知,情況不容樂觀,作者擔心接下來的情況。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我們家一直試圖認真對待“愛你的鄰居”這一理念,有時這確實指的是住在隔壁的人,即使你只是從廚房的窗戶里見過他們。A. normally正常地;B. lightly輕輕地;C. seriously認真地;D. carefully仔細地。固定搭配take sth seriously表示“把某事當真,對某事很認真”,根據(jù)前面說“我”想做個好鄰居可知,這里是“我”是認真的,故選C。
【27題詳解】
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:我們家一直試圖認真對待“愛你的鄰居”這一理念,有時這確實指的是住在隔壁的人,即使你只是從廚房的窗戶里見過他們。A. as though似乎;B. so that以至于;C. in case萬一;D. even if即使。根據(jù)前后句的句意可知,上下文有轉折有關系,即使你只能每天通過廚房的窗戶看到對方,但作者一家仍認真踐行“愛你的鄰居”這一理念,用even if引導讓步狀語從句。故選D。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:過了一會兒,他們的窗戶上出現(xiàn)了一塊牌子,上面寫著給我們的信息。A. proposal提議;B. letter信;C. gift禮物;D. message信息。根據(jù)下文“Thank you, You too! ”可知,這是傳達給我們的信息,故選D。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們就這樣持續(xù)了幾天,我想這對我們所有人來說將是一個多么美好的故事:用信息牌交流,從陌生人變成好朋友。A. writing寫;B. communicating交流;C. congratulating祝賀;D. investigating調查。根據(jù)上文“So I made a sign reading ‘Have a nice day!’ and stuck it on my kitchen window.”和“a sign appeared on their window with a 8 for us. ‘Thank you. You too!’”可知,作者與鄰居在牌子上寫字交流,故選B。
【30題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:大概在第五天的時候,我貼了瑪麗·奧利弗的一行詩,交流就這樣結束了。A. Everywhere到處;B. Anywhere任何地方;C. Somewhere在某處,到某處;D. Nowhere沒有地方。固定搭配somewhere around表示“大約……”,這里是表示大約第五天的時候,給選C。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:大概在第五天的時候,我貼了瑪麗·奧利弗的詩一行,交流就這樣結束了。A. puzzle疑惑;B. cause原因;C. chart圖表;D. end結束。根據(jù)下文“I stopped”以及鄰居解釋了沒有再回復的原因可知,作者貼了瑪麗·奧利弗的詩后,交流結束了。故選D。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:對不起,我們沒有找到詩。A. poem詩歌;B. passage文章;C. politics政治;D. proverb諺語。根據(jù)上文可知,作者選了一句詩,鄰居沒有回復,因為他們沒能找到一首回應的詩,因此是poem。故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我們根本找不到這首詩。A. tried嘗試;B. did做;C. needed需要;D. wrote寫。根據(jù)上文可知,鄰居沒有回復是因為他們沒能“找到一首回應的詩”,本句中用did來代替found a poem。故選B。
【34題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:現(xiàn)在做個好鄰居真不容易。A. hard艱難的;B. interesting有趣的;C. annoying令人氣惱的;D. lucky幸運的。根據(jù)下文“We can’t 15 and knock on a door, or even lend things.”可知,在疫情期間根本沒有與領導接觸的機會,所以要做一個好鄰居是很困難的。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意:我們不能出現(xiàn),不能敲門,甚至不能出借東西。A. cut in插話;B. show up出現(xiàn);C. look out向外看;D. come about發(fā)生。根據(jù)“knock on a door, or even lend things”可知,這里是我們沒法出現(xiàn)在彼此面前。故選B。
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Flower arrangement is the ____36____ (combine) of several elements to produce visually pleasing display of fresh, silk, or dried flowers. General design principles include unbalance, and harmony, ____37____ often involves the use of light, space, and accent. Different parts of the world use ____38____ (vary) design techniques for flower arrangement.
The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement, originally ____39____ (serve) as offerings at temples and decorations in the palace, has survived over the centuries. “With a history of more than 3,000 years, the image of flower arrangement sometimes is still limited bunches of flowers in flower shops.” Zhang Yan, ____40____ master of the art, said.
In recent years Zhang has been devotedly popularizing the traditional flower arrangement, hoping people will be familiar ____41____ the art, take pride in its centuries-old history and hold an ability ____42____ (appreciate) the beauty in life.
In Zhang’s view, Chinese traditional flower arrangement is not only a decoration, ____43____ a form of psychological treatment for modern busy bees. The art emphasizes simplicity, and the arranger must decide on ____44____ is truly necessary in his or her work and life. The healing effect of the art _____45_____ (realize) when the arranger comes to terms with what they truly want.
【答案】36. combination
37. which 38. various
39. serving
40. a 41. with
42. to appreciate
43. but 44. what
45. will be realized
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)藝術插花以及藝術家張巖對于這門藝術的推廣。
【36題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:插花是一些元素的組合,以產(chǎn)生視覺上令人愉悅的新鮮花朵、絲花或干花。根據(jù)橫線前的the以及后面的of可知這里填一個名詞,combination“組合,結合”符合題意,作表語。故填combination。
【37題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:一般的設計原則包括不平衡和和諧,這會經(jīng)常涉及到光線、空間和點綴的使用。根據(jù)句子成分分析,這里是一個非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞design principles,指物,從句中缺少主語,應用關系代詞which將先行詞代入從句中作主語。故填which。
【38題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:世界上不同的地方使用不同的插花設計技術。根據(jù)后面的名詞design techniques可知橫線上需要一個形容詞來修飾,various“不同的,多種多樣的”符合題意。故填various。
【39題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:中國傳統(tǒng)插花藝術,最初是作為寺廟的供品和宮殿的裝飾,已經(jīng)流傳了幾個世紀。根據(jù)句子成分分析,句子的主語是The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement,謂語動詞是has survived,這里的serve是非謂語,作定語,與其邏輯主語The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement之間是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填serving。
【40題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:“在3000多年的歷史中,插花的形象有時仍然是花店里有限的幾束花?!币晃凰囆g大師張巖說道。根據(jù)句意,可數(shù)名詞master表示“一位藝術大師”,泛指,用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a。
【41題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:近年來,張一直致力于推廣傳統(tǒng)插花,希望人們將會熟悉這門藝術,為其悠久的歷史感到自豪,并擁有一種欣賞生活中的美麗的能力。be familiar with是固定短語,意為“對……熟悉”。故填with。
【42題詳解】
考查動詞不定式。句意:近年來,張一直致力于推廣傳統(tǒng)插花,希望人們將會熟悉這門藝術,為其悠久的歷史感到自豪,并擁有一種欣賞生活中的美麗的能力。ability是一個抽象名詞,后面常用不定式作后置定語,the ability to do...意為“……的能力”。故填to appreciate。
【43題詳解】
考查連詞。句意:在張偉看來,中國傳統(tǒng)插花不僅僅是一種裝飾,更是一種對現(xiàn)代忙碌工作者的心理治療。not only…but (also)…為復合連詞,意為“不但……而且……”。故填but。
【44題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意:這一藝術強調簡單,插花者必須決定什么是他或她的工作和生活中真正必要的。根據(jù)句子成分分析,橫線之后是介詞on后面的賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,應用連接代詞what引導該賓語從句,表示“(真正必要的)事情”。故填what。
【45題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:當插花者與他們真正想要的達成一致,藝術的治愈效果就會實現(xiàn)。分析句子可知,realize是主句中謂語動詞,與主語The healing effect之間是被動關系;時間狀語從句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,主句用一般將來時。故填will be realized。
第三節(jié) 單詞拼寫(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
根據(jù)提示,在空白處填入單詞的正確形式。
46. _________ (釋放) the nuclear waste water into the sea is extremely dangerous, which affects both humans and animals. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】Releasing
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:將核廢水釋放到海洋中是極其危險的,這對人類和動物都有影響。根據(jù)句意和漢語提示,應填動詞release“釋放”,“(釋放) the nuclear waste water into the sea”作主語,故release用動名詞形式,故填Releasing。
47. A terrible fire broke out suddenly, causing serious damage and it is currently under further ________(調查).(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】investigation
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:一場可怕的火災突然發(fā)生,造成了嚴重的損失,目前正在進一步調查中。分析句子且根據(jù)漢語提示可知,空處應填名詞investigation作介詞under的賓語,表示“調查”。故填investigation。
48. Before you present a speech, please try to express your point of view _______(準確). (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】accurately##precisely##exactly
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意:在你發(fā)表演講之前,請盡量準確地表達你的觀點。分析句子且根據(jù)漢語提示可知,空處應填副詞accurately/precisely/exactly作狀語,表示“準確地”,修飾動詞express。故填accurately/precisely/exactly。
49. If you give _________(優(yōu)先事項) to something or someone, you treat them as more important than anything or anyone else. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】priority
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:如果你優(yōu)先考慮某事或某人,你會把他們看得比任何事或任何人都重要。分析句子且根據(jù)漢語提示可知,give priority to為固定搭配,表示“優(yōu)先考慮”,所以空處應填名詞priority,作動詞give的賓語,表示“優(yōu)先事項”。故填priority。
50. You must have a natural________(curious) about things that are happening, even though they may appear to be minor matters. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
【答案】curiosity
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:你必須對正在發(fā)生的事情有一種天生的好奇心,即使它們看起來是小事。根據(jù)句意和空格前冠詞a可知,應填入單數(shù)名詞curiosity,作賓語,意為“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
51. Facing two obviously __________(contradict) statements, we were at a loss about what to do. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意:面對兩個明顯矛盾的說法,我們不知所措。分析句子可知,空處修飾名詞statements作定語,應填形容詞contradictory,表示“對立的,矛盾的”。故填contradictory。
52. When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own, the coach will__________ (真正地,確實) throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】literally#indeed
【解析】
【分析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意:當一名拳擊手輸?shù)煤軕K,太累或太困惑而不能自己放棄時,教練確實會向拳擊場扔一條毛巾以結束比賽。分析句子可知,句中“throw”為動詞,前面應用副詞修飾,根據(jù)漢語提示“真正地,確實”可知,空格處應用“l(fā)iterally”,意為“真正地,確實地”,副詞詞性,在句中作狀語,也可用indeed表示“確實”,故填literally/indeed。
53. I refused the invitation _________(automatic) when he extended it to me. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
【答案】automatically
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意:當他向我發(fā)出邀請時,我不假思索地拒絕了。分析句子可知,空處應填副詞automatically作狀語,修飾動詞refused ,表示“不假思索地”。故填automatically。
54. What impresses me most is his ________(投入) to sponsoring the charity. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】commitment##dedication##devotion
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。分析句子,該空需要一個名詞作表語,根據(jù)漢語提示“投入”,不可數(shù)名詞commitment/dedication/devotion符合題意。故填commitment/dedication/devotion
55. People waited outside for the chance to see some________(名人).
【答案】celebrities
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:人們在外面等著看一些名人的機會。根據(jù)漢語提示可知,此處使用名詞celebrity,可數(shù)名詞,由some修飾,應用名詞復數(shù)形式。故填celebrities。
第四節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)
從下面幾個單詞或短語中,選擇最適當?shù)奈鍌€填入橫線,注意單詞或短語的正確形式和適當搭配 (可加介詞或副詞)。
sum, oppose, accuse, mount up, bring…back to life, take one’s place,
keep…in perspective, get across, make a hit
56. ________, it’s because of his commitment to education that he earns the local people’s respect.
57. He felt angry when he was________ theft.
58. No one predicted this online drama would________ then; however, now it enjoys great popularity.
59. My sister was ill, so I________ as the head of the company.
60. When asked why the experiment failed, he________ the issue________.
【答案】56. In sum
57. accused of
58. make a hit
59. took her place
60. ①. got ②. across
【解析】
【分析】從下面幾個單詞或短語中,選擇最適當?shù)奈鍌€填入橫線,注意單詞或短語的正確形式和適當搭配 (可加介詞或副詞)。
【56題詳解】
考查介詞短語。句意:總而言之,正是因為他對教育的投入,他才贏得了當?shù)厝说淖鹬?。句中對他贏得尊重的原因進行了總結,用介詞短語in sum,意為“總而言之”,符合句意;句首單詞首字母大寫。故填In sum。
【57題詳解】
考查動詞和語態(tài)。句意:當他被指控偷竊時,他感到很生氣。根據(jù)“He felt angry”和“theft”可推知,他被指控偷竊,感到很生氣,動詞accuse意為“指控”,常與介詞of連用,表示“……被指控……”用be accused of...。故填accused of。
【58題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意:當時沒有人預料到這部網(wǎng)絡劇會大受歡迎;然而,現(xiàn)在它很受歡迎。根據(jù)“however, now it enjoys great popularity.”可知,之前沒預料到這部網(wǎng)絡劇取得了成功;動詞短語make a hit,意為“獲得成功”,符合句意,在情態(tài)動詞后用動詞原形。故填make a hit。
【59題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意:我姐姐病了,所以我代替她當公司的領導。根據(jù)“My sister was ill”可知,姐姐病了,我代替了她的位置;動詞短語take one’s place,意為“取代某人”,符合句意,“取代姐姐”,用take her place;講述過去的事情,用一般過去時態(tài)。故填took her place。
【60題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意:當被問及實驗為什么失敗時,他把問題說清楚了。根據(jù)“asked why the experiment failed”可知,他要解釋清楚實驗為什么失敗;動詞短語get across,意為“把……講清楚”,符合句意;作主句謂語動詞,講述過去的事情,用一般過去時態(tài)。故填①got;②across。
第四部分 應用文寫作(滿分20分)
61. 由于廢氣、污水、白色垃圾等環(huán)境污染已危及到人類的健康與生存,為鼓勵大家節(jié)能環(huán)保,你們學校將舉辦一次“低碳行動”的環(huán)?;顒?,請以學生會的名義向全校同學發(fā)起“低碳生活”的倡議,以下是倡議的內(nèi)容:
1.盡量綠色出行:采取步行或自行車方式;
2.少喝一次瓶裝水;
3.盡量不用一次性的(disposable)產(chǎn)品,如一次性木筷子和塑料袋;
4.每周少用電視和手機一天。
注意:
1.詞數(shù)80左右;
2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Dear friends,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear friends,
In order to encourage us to save energy and protect our environment, I’m going to make the following suggestions.
First, I suggest that we should walk or take bikes if we go out. Second, we can reduce the use of bottled water and unrecyclable items, such as disposable chopsticks and plastic bags. Besides, if we can turn off our TVs and mobile phones for one day every week, it will be of great benefit to saving energy.
I believe everyone should take responsibility to protect our environment Let’s take action now.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【分析】本篇書面表達屬于應用文,要求考生以學生會的名義向全校同學發(fā)起“低碳生活”的倡議。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
建議:advice→suggestion
手機:cell phone→mobile phone
有益的:be of great benefit→beneficial
此外:in addition→besides
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句:In order to encourage us to save energy and protect our environment, I’m going to make the following suggestions.
拓展句:I’m going to make the following suggestions, whose aim is to encourage us to save energy and protect our environment.
【點睛】[高分句型1] First, I suggest that we should walk or take bikes if we go out. (運用了虛擬語氣)
[高分句型2] Besides, if we can turn off our TVs and mobile phones for one day every week, it will be of great benefit to saving energy. (運用了if引導條件狀語從句)
這是一份2023鹽城伍佑中學高一上學期10月月考英語試題圖片版無答案,共9頁。
這是一份2023屆江蘇省鹽城市伍佑中學高三上學期期初考試英語試卷含答案,共11頁。試卷主要包含了5分,滿分7,15, B等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份江蘇省鹽城市伍佑中學2022-2023學年高二英語上學期學情調研(一)試卷(Word版附解析)
注冊成功