? 長沙市一中2022屆模擬試卷（一）
英語
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。
2. 回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。
3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A. ￡ 19.15. B. ￡ 9.18. C. ￡ 9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What does the man want to do？
A. Check the new bike. B. Ride the new bike. C. Buy a new bike.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Helen! Is this your new bike?
W: Yes, I bought it only yesterday.
M: It’s cool! May I have a try?
W: Of course. Don’t forget to ride on the left.
2. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What did the man do before 9：00 last night？
A. He watched TV. B. He slept for a while. C. He wrote the paper.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W:You look tired and sleepy. Do you have trouble falling asleep?
M:No, I had to finish the paper for history class from 9:00 last night to 2:00 in the morning, because I didn't remember it until I finished watching TV.
3. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
Why was the offer refused？
A. It was a bit high. B. It was rather low. C. It wasn't fit for the market.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W：I'm disappointed that Everest did not accept our offer.
M：The director over there thought it wasn't low enough.
W：According to our research，it was generous by market standards.
4. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What does the man suggest the woman do？
A. Go to the Johnsons for dinner.
B. Do a chemistry experiment.
C. Use the old recipes tonight.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W：I'm going to try out some new recipes tonight.
M：Well，remember that the Johnsons are coming over for dinner. You know how much I like your cooking，dear，but maybe you shouldn't pick tonight of all nights to experiment.
5. 【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】
What's the man's decision？
A. Waiting for the bus.
B. Walking to the next stop.
C. Meeting the woman 30 minutes later.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W：The bus isn't supposed to arrive at this stop for another 30 minutes. I guess we'll just have to wait until it comes.
M：Normally I'd agree with you，but I'm only going to the next stop，and I feel like having a walk.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

6. Why does the man call Louis Catering？
A. For an invitation. B. For food and drinks. C. For conference rooms.
7. How many people will attend the party？
A. 108. B. 112. C. 120.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W：Hello，Louis Catering. What can I do for you？
M：Yes，I'm with the Colbert Corporation. We're having a company party on February 15th next week，and I need to arrange for all the food and drinks.
W：OK. How many people do you expect to take part in the party？And will it be an indoor one or outdoor one？
M：About 108 employees will be there. In addition，12 managing staff will also be present. And we'll hold it indoors in one of our large conference rooms.
W：OK. I see.
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

8. What is the man going to Canada for？
A. Research. B. Further study. C. Sightseeing.
9. What will the speakers do next？
A. Pack clothes. B. Buy a suitcase. C. Prepare materials.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W：What are you going to do in Canada？
M：My lab is working together with a research station in Canada so I will work there for a long time.
W：How long will it take？
M：Three months，probably. It'll depend on how everything is going.
W：It's cold there. You may need some heavy clothes. Oh，this suitcase is probably too small.
M：Don't worry! I do most of the work in the lab. But I do need a large suitcase. I'll take a lot of research materials with me.
W：So why don't we go to the shop to get a larger suitcase？
M：OK. Let's go.
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

10. Who works in the power company？
A. The girl’s father. B. The girl’s classmate. C. The man’s classmate.
11. How will the girl go to the power company？
A. By car. B. By taxi. C. On foot.
12. What is the girl going to do first？
A. Visit the manager. B. Get ready for a picnic. C. Chat with the workers.
【答案】10. C 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Dad. Is your classmate still working in the power company?
M: Yes. He is now the manager. Why do you ask?
W: Oh. There is a summer vacation practice project of us students. Can you help me out? Besides, several of our classmates’ plan to have a picnic this morning.
M: OK. You can come to the power company for the practice after that. I can drive you there or you can take a taxi.
W: There is no need to do so. I can walk there.
M: Shall I telephone my classmate to tell him that you will visit him?
W: I’m not really a visitor. I plan to communicate with the workers and learn about their company culture.
M: That will be a really good practice experience and you can learn much from it.
W: I can’t agree with you more.
M: Now, you have to prepare for the coming picnic. Enjoy your time.
W: Thank you, Dad!
聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

13. What does the competition try to find this year？
A. The best dancer. B. The best actor. C. The best singer.
14. How should people enter the competition？
A. By fax. B. By phone. C. Through the Internet.
15. When does the sports hall close this week？
A. At 10：30 pm. B. At 9：00 pm. C. At 8：00 pm.
16. What do we know about the new swimming pool？
A. It will be free for the first week.
B. It is bigger than the old one.
C. It will be open earlier than planned.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. A
【解析】
【原文】M：Welcome! Could vou tell us what's going on？
W：Sure. This week Westfield Radio runs its annual competition. Last year it was to find the best dancer，and next year it will be the turn of local actors to enter. But this year we're looking for the best singer in our city.
M：And what are the rules？
W：Not many. You need to phone your entry. We don't accept entries through the Internet or by fax.
M：Right. Well，it's school holidays this week，so what's on offer？
W：The sports hall will open an hour earlier than usual at 8：00 am and shut later at 10：30 pm instead of nine.
The indoor football ground is always popular and has to be booked in advance.
M：But what about the swimming pool？
W：Not quite such good news，I'm afraid. It will be open about a week later than planned，but good news now-there will be no charge for swimmers for the first week. It's the same size as the old one，but it is much better equipped.
M：That's great.
聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

17. What does CyberEdit aim to do？
A. Supply funding for businessmen.
B. Edit documents for Wired magazine.
C. Offer students computer editing services.
18. How many employees did the speaker hire at first？
A. Four. B. Five. C. Ten.
19. Why did some investors invest money in CyberEdit.
A. It promised big returns. B. It got good publicity. C. It employed 50 students.
20. When is the best time for people to develop a business？
A. When they have the idea.
B. After they graduate from college.
C. After they have rich social experience.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】M：I started my own company，CyberEdit，when I was a freshman. Most students have to write essays，and I aimed to provide computer editing services for them. During one summer vacation，I worked for an Internet company and in the evening，I spent another four hours working on my website. It's not easy to develop a business. If you hope to be financially independent，you must do something while you are young and you can work long hours. For a long time，I was editing nearly ten documents a night. I spent fifty hours a week doing this. It was hard. Then I hired my first four employees，and I never edited a single document again. The next year，I turned down my summer job at a big investment bank and spent the vacation expanding CyberEdit. In December，Wired magazine contacted me and asked me to write an article about my life. After the article appeared in March，interested investors began to contact me. In June，one of them decided to invest a large sum of money in the company. So the Wired article brought me over a million dollars in funding! More than anything else，good publicity helps a new business attract investors and customers. Investors came to me，not because I was making money and employing fifty college students，but because they read about it in Wired magazine，and saw it on ABC World News Tonight. My advice to young people who consider starting a company is：Do it now! Don't delay starting it until you've finished school or had some “real-world experience”.
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Home to students from all over the world, IH London offers a truly international learning environment with English courses available for beginner, intermediate and advanced learners. If you want to advance your English, there is a wide range of courses that you can choose from.
One-to-One English
English level: Minimum AI
Course content: This course is perfect for complete beginners and advanced learners alike because everything is tailored for your needs. You will define your learning outcomes with your teacher and they will create lessons based on your learning goals.
General English for over 30’s
English level: Al and above
Course content: This course is designed for international adults aged 30 and over, who want to learn or improve their English, while exploring London and making new friends from all over the world. Lessons are based on a range of relevant and motivating materials. London is used as a resource, with learners putting their language into practice regularly while exploring London.
General English 20 Lessons
English level: A2 and above
Course content: This is a great intensive course for all levels to improve your English, with an extra focus on speaking. Students will work together to explore and review grammar in context through role-plays. discussions and presentations. The topics, language areas and materials will reflect the interests and needs of the class.
English for Future Leaders
English level: B2 and above
Course content: This course encourages students to explore contemporary leadership skills such as debating, critical thinking, and teamwork. Students work in groups with a mix of nationalities and will be split into project management groups to work through seminars and business challenges.
If you would like to know more information, please contact us at sales @ihlondon. com.
21. What is the English level required by One-to-One English?
A. B2 and above. B. A2 and above.
C. Al and above. D. No requirements.
22. Which course focuses on improving oral English?
A. One-to-One English. B. General English for over 30's.
C. General English 20 Lessons. D. English for Future Leaders.
23. What is special about English for Future Leaders?
A. It has age limits.
B. It reviews grammar in various ways.
C. It involves more than language skills.
D. It allows students to design the course with teachers.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些提高英語水平的課程。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One-to-One English部分中的“This course is perfect for complete beginners and advanced learners alike because everything is tailored for your needs. (本課程適合完全初學(xué)者和高級學(xué)習(xí)者，因?yàn)橐磺卸紴槟男枨罅可矶ㄖ啤?”可知，One-to-One English 對學(xué)習(xí)者的英語水平?jīng)]有要求。故選D。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)General English 20 Lessons部分中的“This is a great intensive course for all levels to improve your English, with an extra focus on speaking. (這是一個(gè)很好的強(qiáng)化課程，所有級別的人都可以提高你的英語水平，特別注重口語。)”可知，General English 20 Lessons專注提高學(xué)生的英語口語。故選C。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)English for Future Leaders部分中的“This course encourages students to explore contemporary leadership skills such as debating, critical thinking, and teamwork.(本課程鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生探索當(dāng)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能，如辯論、批判性思維和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。)”可知，English for Future Leaders特別之處在于涉及的不僅僅是語言技能，而且還鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生探索當(dāng)代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能，如辯論、批判性思維和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。故選C。
B
My middle child was born and rushed to the newborn intensive care unit (ICU). I was shocked to learn that he was sick. Suddenly, my life was out of control. My husband and I with two full-time careers were dropping our 2-year-old at day care each morning before racing to visit our son at the hospital.
“Let me know what I can do,” many of our loved ones said. Instead of reaching out, I withdrew and struggled to manage everything on my plate. Why did it feel awkward being on the receiving end of assistance?
Being uncomfortable asking for help is an almost universal experience. We may worry about how embarrassing it will be if someone says no. We may also worry about how guilty we will feel if they say yes. “Do you see the person who asks for support as a burden?” I asked my mother. “No, of course not,” she said. “In fact, helping is one of the most rewarding experiences we can have.” Her words resonated(引起共鳴) with me. I was raised to be independent and to help others is something I’ve always enjoyed.
I felt funny relying on people outside my inner circle. I thought leaning on my closest family and friends would be most comfortable, but they lived an hour or more away. Then the favors from others made me feel loved and supported. With them often taking care of meals and other areas of our lives, it was easier to focus and take in news from doctors.
We all wish people could read our minds, know what we need and volunteer it. Actually, they have to understand that we need help, and know what kind you want them to give—that means you really do have to ask. I’m now a pro at asking for help. I don’t only rely on my inner circle. I have a large community of resources—which benefits all of us.
24. How did the author feel after her son was born?
A. Calm and indifferent.
B. Cheerful and thrilled.
C. Surprised and determined.
D. Astonished and overwhelmed.
25. Why was the author not willing to receive others’ help at first?
A. She was afraid of being a burden to others.
B. She wanted to follow her mother’s advice.
C. She was able to manage everything on her own.
D. She felt embarrassed about sharing her privacy.
26. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Doctors and nurses.
B. The favors from others.
C. Our closest family and friends.
D. People outside my inner circle.
27. What docs the author intend to convey?
A. She is a pro at asking for help.
B. Relying on our inner circle is essential.
C. Asking for help may achieve a win-win outcome.
D. Reading others’ minds is the key to offering help.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者的兒子生病，自己和丈夫又是全職，所以感到不堪重負(fù)，但作者不愿請求別人幫助，怕自己成為別人的負(fù)擔(dān)，但和母親的一次談話改變了作者的想法，作者告訴我們主動(dòng)尋求別人幫助可以達(dá)到雙贏。
【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“My middle child was born and rushed to the newborn intensive care unit (ICU). I was shocked to learn that he was sick. Suddenly, my life was out of control. My husband and I with two full-time careers were dropping our 2-year-old at day care each morning before racing to visit our son at the hospital.(我的第二個(gè)孩子出生了，立即被送到新生兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室。得知他病了我很震驚。突然間，我的生活失去了控制。我丈夫和我是雙職工，每天早上在去醫(yī)院看我們兒子之前，都會把我們兩歲的孩子送到日托所。)”可知，作者的兒子生病了所以作者很震驚，而且作者和丈夫是雙職工，必須要照顧新生兒和另一個(gè)2歲的孩子，作者感覺自己的生活完全失控了，不堪重負(fù)，由此可知，作者在兒子出生后的感覺是震驚和不堪重負(fù)，D項(xiàng)“Astonished and overwhelmed.(震驚且不堪重負(fù))”符合。故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段作者和母親的對話“ “Do you see the person who asks for support as a burden?” I asked my mother.(我問母親:“你認(rèn)為尋求別人幫助的人是一種負(fù)擔(dān)嗎？”)”可以得知，作者擔(dān)心接受別人幫助就意味著自己會成為別人的負(fù)擔(dān)。故選A。
3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段開頭“I felt funny relying on people outside my inner circle. I thought leaning on my closest family and friends would be most comfortable, but they lived an hour or more away(我覺得依賴外面人很有趣。我以為依靠我最親近的家人和朋友會很舒服，但他們住在一個(gè)小時(shí)或更遠(yuǎn)的地方)”可知，作者更愿意接受來自于“核心圈（inner circle）”的親朋好友的幫助，但由于他們住得很遠(yuǎn)，幫不了作者，所以后文提到的“the favors from others”指的是這些幫助作者的人并不是作者的核心圈子的朋友，由此可知，此處“them”代指上句中的“others”，即作者核心圈以外的朋友。故選D。
4.推理判斷題?？v觀全文，作者改變想法的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)來自于母親的回答——幫助他人本身可以給自己帶來快樂，所以尋求他人幫助并不意味著會成為他人的負(fù)擔(dān)。根據(jù)第五段的總結(jié)“We all wish people could read our minds, know what we need and volunteer it. Actually, they have to understand that we need help, and know what kind you want them to give—that means you really do have to ask. I’m now a pro at asking for help. I don’t only rely on my inner circle. I have a large community of resources—which benefits all of us.(我們都希望人們能讀懂我們的思想，知道我們需要什么，然后自愿提供。事實(shí)上，他們必須理解我們需要幫助，并且知道你想要他們給予什么樣的幫助——這意味著你真的必須要問。我現(xiàn)在很擅長尋求幫助。我不僅僅依賴我的核心圈子。我擁有大量的資源，這對我們大家都有好處。)”可知，作者提到自己現(xiàn)在很樂于主動(dòng)尋求幫助，而且愿意依靠自己核心圈內(nèi)和圈外的一切朋友，因?yàn)閷で髱椭梢赃_(dá)到雙贏，由此可知，作者想要傳達(dá)的是尋求幫助可以達(dá)到雙贏。故選C。
C
Many people drink protein shakes regularly to lose weight, build muscle or both. Others, however, question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal, high-protein foods. So what is the truth?
Protein shakes are dietary supplements (飲食補(bǔ)充劑) designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks. Besides, people can mix their own shakes using protein powder. Protein powder can be made from plants or animals. Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein. Animal-based protein powder is usually made from cows’ milk. Those who want to avoid milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.
Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build muscle. They can also improve your performance and help you recover while exercising. And if you’re losing weight, protein shakes can help to make sure that you don’t lose muscle.
Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full so it’s easier to resist eating too much. High-protein diets can also make your body burn energy quickly. When you use more energy than you take in through food, you lose weight.
However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein. In fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes. The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods. Moreover, these foods contain other natural nutrients besides protein. In contrast, many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners, which are not healthy.
To sum up, yes, protein shakes are convenient and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.
28. What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. What protein shakes are.
B. How protein shakes arc made.
C. Where protein shakes come from.
D. Why people drink protein shakes.
29. What can be inferred about consuming protein shakes?
A. It can burn your fat directly.
B. It is beneficial to your muscle.
C. It can take the place of eating other food.
D. It is the best choice for the people in a high-protein dict.
30. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
A. B. C. D.
31. Which word best describes the author's attitude to protein shakes?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了蛋白奶昔的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及是否有必要為了保持健康或者減重而飲用它。
【28題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Protein shakes are dietary supplements (飲食補(bǔ)充劑) designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. (蛋白質(zhì)奶昔是膳食補(bǔ)充劑，旨在幫助人們攝入比平時(shí)更多的蛋白質(zhì))”以及“Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks. Besides, people can mix their own shakes using protein powder. Protein powder can be made from plants or animals. Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein. Animal-based protein powder is usually made from cows’ milk. Those who want to avoid milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites. (蛋白質(zhì)奶昔可以是現(xiàn)成的飲料。此外人們可以用蛋白粉自己攪拌奶昔。蛋白質(zhì)粉可以由植物或動(dòng)物制成。植物蛋白粉可以由大豆，豌豆或大米的蛋白質(zhì)組成。動(dòng)物蛋白粉通常由牛奶制成。那些不想喝牛奶的人也可以吃由蛋白制成的蛋白粉)”可知，第二段主要是對蛋白奶昔下定義，后幾句是對兩種蛋白奶昔的具體介紹。由此可知，第二段主要講的是“什么是蛋白質(zhì)奶昔”。故選A項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build muscle. (研究表明，如果你想增長肌肉，食用蛋白質(zhì)奶昔是有幫助的)”可知，蛋白質(zhì)奶昔有助于增長肌肉。故選B項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。第一段“Many people drink protein shakes regularly to lose weight, build muscle or both. Others, however, question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal, high-protein foods. So what is the truth? (許多人經(jīng)常喝蛋白質(zhì)奶昔來減肥，增肌或兩者兼顧。然而，也有人質(zhì)疑蛋白質(zhì)奶昔比普通的高蛋白食物更好的觀點(diǎn)。那么真相是什么呢？)”通過引出分歧意見提出話題。第二段“Protein shakes are dietary supplements designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. (蛋白質(zhì)奶昔是膳食補(bǔ)充劑，旨在幫助人們攝入比平時(shí)更多的蛋白質(zhì))”，對蛋白奶昔下定義。第三“Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build muscle. (研究表明，如果你想增長肌肉，食用蛋白質(zhì)奶昔是有幫助的)”以及第四段“Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. (消耗蛋白質(zhì)奶昔有助于減肥)”提出蛋白奶昔的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第五段“However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. (然而，你不必喝蛋白質(zhì)奶昔就能獲得高蛋白飲食)”用However進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，指出蛋白奶昔的缺點(diǎn)。第六段“To sum up, yes, protein shakes are convenient and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet. (總而言之，是的。蛋白質(zhì)奶昔很方便而且它們很有效。然而，它們并不是你吃可以吃的高蛋白飲食的唯一選擇)”總結(jié)了蛋白質(zhì)奶昔的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“To sum up, yes, protein shakes are convenient and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet. (總而言之，是的。蛋白質(zhì)奶昔很方便而且它們很有效。然而，它們并不是你可以吃的高蛋白飲食的唯一選擇)”以及文章整體內(nèi)容來看，作者對蛋白奶昔的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及是否有必要為了保持健康或者減重而飲用它皆有提及。由此推之，作者對蛋白質(zhì)奶昔的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。
D
Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona, in north-eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are injuries and deaths every year, but the event is of interest to many people. A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds.
That is a useful topic to explore. Arehitects, civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire, a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions (碰撞). Unfortunately, solid information is hard to come by. Daniel Parisi, the paper’s lead author, realised that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment.
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released, Later in the lab, they calculated the speed of the runners, the density (密度) of the crowd, the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death.
Yet it seems that in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider.
32. What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona?
A. They proved his theory.
B. They recorded a bull-run.
C. They watched a thrilling bull-fight.
D. They designed a psychological experiment.
33. What was the unexpected finding in the study?
A. People slowed down in crowded areas.
B. Tripping posed a danger to bull-runners.
C Bulls coming near made people running faster.
D. People tended to speed up in high-density crowds.
34. What is implied in the last paragraph?
A. People lose their mind in disasters.
B. Future tunnels and bridges may be wider.
C. Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collision.
D. Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding each other.
35. Which is the best title for the text?
A. How crowds react to panic
B. Bull-runs caught on in Spain
C. Dr Parisi’s finding shocks the world
D. What architects can learn from bull-running
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在Pamplona，每年有很多人來看“奔?！保茖W(xué)家通過研究“奔?！边^程中人們奔跑速度的快慢，發(fā)現(xiàn)跑步者的速度隨著人群密度的增加而增加，這給了建筑設(shè)計(jì)師關(guān)于城市建設(shè)的很多啟示。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and filmed the runners as the animals were released. (2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)前往Pamplona的兩個(gè)不同的屋頂，拍攝了這些動(dòng)物被釋放出來時(shí)人們奔跑的景象)”可知，Parisi和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)拍攝了牛被放出來時(shí)的場景。故選B項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd, which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death. (有些出人意料的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，跑步者的速度隨著人群密度的增加而增加。這與建筑和城市設(shè)計(jì)界長期以來的假設(shè)相反，即隨著人群密度的增加，人們會放慢速度，以降低發(fā)生碰撞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)榕鲎部赡軐?dǎo)致摔倒，甚至受傷或死亡)”可知，研究意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，人群密度越大，人們跑得越快。故選D項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider. (因此，城市設(shè)計(jì)師的責(zé)任在于研究如何最好地規(guī)劃未來隧道、橋梁和其他通道的建設(shè)去限制流量。唯一的選擇很可能是把它們加寬)”可知，未來的橋梁和隧道可能會更寬闊。故選B項(xiàng)。
【35題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段 “A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds. (一篇?jiǎng)倓偘l(fā)表在《科學(xué)》上的論文描述了對這次活動(dòng)恐慌人群的心理洞察)”以及最后一段“The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. (因此，城市設(shè)計(jì)師的責(zé)任在于研究如何最好地規(guī)劃未來隧道、橋梁和其他通道的建設(shè)去限制流量)”可知，本篇章不僅是談?wù)摫寂?，而是討論“奔牛作為觀察人們在危險(xiǎn)中如何表現(xiàn)的自然實(shí)驗(yàn)場景”給建筑設(shè)計(jì)師的啟示。故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
The best long distance friends are the ones who know how to communicate well. As often as we move around for school, work or family, long distance friendships are a reality of adulthood.____36____, there’s no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.
Be explicit and intentional about keeping your long distance friend
If you want to keep people in your life, you have to tell them and be ready to put in the effort. Whether you’ve just moved away from your friend or you’ve been apart for years, long distance friendships require a mutual(互相的) commitment. That means reaching out, finding time to hang out, and showing your friend you value them.____37____.
Use common interests to feel connected
Develop an “anchor” for your friendship.____38____. Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe. Or you both love, let’s say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss it after each episode comes out. It doesn’t really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection.
Don’t hesitate to reach out
____39____. When phone calls won’t cut it, think about a visit. Visiting is one of the most important things you can do to keep a long distance friendship going.
Address conflicts openly
Separation is hard. Miscommunication happens. And because there’s just a limited amount of time you get with your friend, it’s easy to let conflicts go unaddressed. In fact, addressing conflict is one of the ways you can become closer with your friend.____40____. It’s recommended to do it in a non-accusatory way. Then, ask your friend what their experience of the issue was and try to see things from both sides.
A. But bringing issues up can feel scary
B. Remember that they treasure you as well
C. It is something that you have in common
D. Although friends are long-lost family members
E. Create the space to make your friend feel valued
F. Show your friend they don’t need to fear rejection
G. While they might require some planning and creativity to keep up
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. C 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了維持異地友誼的四個(gè)建議，包括：有意識地去維護(hù)遠(yuǎn)距離友誼、利用共同興趣愛好維系、不要猶豫主動(dòng)聯(lián)系以及及時(shí)坦誠布公解決沖突。
【詳解】1.根據(jù)上文“As often as we move around for school, work or family, long distance friendships are a reality of adulthood.(當(dāng)我們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)校、工作或家庭而四處奔波時(shí)，異地友誼在成年人的世界是真實(shí)的存在。)”可知，此處指出異地友誼在成人世界是很真實(shí)的存在，結(jié)合下文“there’s no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.(沒有理由讓物理距離阻止你們保持聯(lián)系。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)談?wù)摦惖赜颜x，且和下文是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)“While they might require some planning and creativity to keep up(雖然它們可能需要一些計(jì)劃和創(chuàng)造力來保持聯(lián)系）”符合，緊密銜接上文意思，且能很好對應(yīng)下文，其中“they”代指上文的“l(fā)ong distance friendships”。故選G。

2.根據(jù)上文“Whether you’ve just moved away from your friend or you’ve been apart for years, long distance friendships require a mutual(互相的) commitment. That means reaching out, finding time to hang out, and showing your friend you value them.(不管你是剛剛離開朋友，還是你們已經(jīng)分開多年，異地友誼需要彼此承諾。也就是說，主動(dòng)出擊，抽出時(shí)間和朋友一起玩，向你的朋友展示你對他們很重視。)”可知，此處提出你要主動(dòng)出擊，抽時(shí)間和朋友一起玩，要展示出你重視他們，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，解釋為什么這么做，B選項(xiàng)“Remember that they treasure you as well(記住他們也重視你)”符合語境。故選B。
3.根據(jù)上文對“anchor”的提及，以及下文“Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe. Or you both love, let’s say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss it after each episode comes out. It doesn’t really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection.(也許你們都喜歡烹飪，所以你們每人發(fā)一張新菜的照片，上面都有菜譜的鏈接。或者你們兩個(gè)都喜歡，比如說，HBO劇集的快感，你們每集播出后都發(fā)短信討論。不管是什么，只要能幫你建立聯(lián)系。)”舉例告訴我們?nèi)绻泄餐膼酆?，該如何做，由此可知，空處?yīng)該解釋什么是anchor，故C選項(xiàng)“It is something that you have in common(這是你們的共同點(diǎn))”符合，承上啟下。故選C。
4.本段小標(biāo)題“Don’t hesitate to reach out(不要猶豫，要去聯(lián)系)”鼓勵(lì)大家主動(dòng)聯(lián)系，以及下一句“When phone calls won’t cut it, think about a visit.(當(dāng)電話不能解決問題的時(shí)候，考慮一下去看看。)”可知，下文指出如何去聯(lián)系朋友，即要抽時(shí)間去拜訪他們，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出要抽出時(shí)間去聯(lián)系朋友，選項(xiàng)E“Create the space to make your friend feel valued(制造空閑時(shí)間，讓你的朋友感到被重視)”符合。故選E。
5.下文“It’s recommended to do it in a non-accusatory way. Then, ask your friend what their experience of the issue was and try to see things from both sides.(建議用非指控的方式。然后，問問你的朋友他們在這個(gè)問題上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是什么，試著從兩個(gè)方面看問題。)”指出在提出問題時(shí)應(yīng)該如何做，由此可知，空處應(yīng)該是引起下文，引出“提問題”這一話題，A項(xiàng)“But bringing issues up can feel scary(但提出問題可能會讓人感到害怕)”符合，與下文自然承接。故選A。
第三部分 語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to keep away from social media for six years, would you do it? Could you? Sivert Klefsaas did just that.
Lorna, Sivert Klefsaas’s mother, was____41____by a challenge she heard on the radio called the “16 for 16”, where a mother gave her daughter 1,600 dollars when she turned 16 if she____42____social media. She decided to extend for two extra years and offered 200 dollars____43____.
Sivert said it wasn’t that____44____to live without social media, and he didn’t think about it much during the six years. As a 12-year-old boy, Sivert said he wasn’t using social media much anyway. The only app he had prior to the____45____was Snapchat—which he deleted a day after trying it out.
“I would say there was____46____a point when I thought I was about to break without social media,” he said. “And as it went on, it was more of a pride thing.” He also had his friends to keep him up to date on the latest information or trends. “I got to avoid all the____47____drama that was on there,” Sivert added. Lorna said she never had to check for any apps her son Sivert____48____downloaded. “He’s so____49____and he wanted to prove he could make it,” she said. It also meant he had more time to focus on his grades and sports instead.
“We are certainly not against social media, yet it’s the_____50_____using of it that we care about,” Lorna noted. And her son had already decided on his first attempt at social media: getting Instagram. “There’s definitely a learning_____51_____,” Sivert said. “I see my friends _____52_____in their social media apps and I can’t do that quite well yet.”
Having heard what Sivert said, Lorna added, “It’s about not letting yourself get_____53_____down by it, or affected by the things people post online, or even_____54_____to it.” To her satisfaction, she thinks her son now has a “different_____55_____” on social media than he would have at age 12.
41. A. inspired B. encouraged C. advocated D. driven
42. A. stayed on B. stayed off C. stayed out D. stayed up
43. A. less B. most C. more D. least
44. A. common B. interesting C. difficult D. useful
45. A. barrier B. research C. game D. bet
46. A. seldom B. never C. ever D. even
47. A. awesome B. uncertain C. vital D. unnecessary
48. A. secretly B. publicly C. quietly D. cautiously
49. A. worried B. ashamed C. competitive D. delighted
50. A. constant B. accidental C. random D. healthy
51. A. condition B. process C. line D. result
52. A. excel B. hand C. get D. take
53. A. weighed B. put C. broken D. torn
54. A. applied B. addicted C. admitted D. exposed
55. A. beginning B. role C. impact D. view
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文講述了一位母親Lorna——Sivert Klefsaas的媽媽，從收音機(jī)中聽聞一則挑戰(zhàn)，讓孩子連續(xù)四年遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體，如果成功則被獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)1,600美元。她受此啟發(fā)將該挑戰(zhàn)用于自己兒子Sivert Klefsaas身上，并且延長兩年還多提供200美元的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。通過此項(xiàng)賭約，兒子Sivert Klefsaas不僅沒有不適，反而獲取了更多的成就感。文中母親Lorna的態(tài)度并不是反對兒子接觸社交媒體，只是想讓孩子健康地使用它。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Sivert Klefsaas的母親Lorna的靈感來自于她在廣播中聽到的一項(xiàng)名為“16換16”的挑戰(zhàn)，一位母親在女兒16歲時(shí)給她1600美元，如果她遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體。A. inspired啟發(fā)；B. encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C. advocated 倡導(dǎo)；D. driven驅(qū)使。根據(jù)下文“…by a challenge she heard on the radio called the ‘16 for 16’”及文中第一段可知母親Lorna受到啟發(fā)，把這個(gè)賭約用于自己兒子的身上，讓他遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體。故選A項(xiàng)。
【42題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：Sivert Klefsaas的母親Lorna的靈感來自于她在廣播中聽到的一項(xiàng)名為“16換16”的挑戰(zhàn)，一位母親在女兒16歲時(shí)給她1600美元，如果她遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體。A. stayed on繼續(xù)停留；B. stayed off遠(yuǎn)離；C. stayed out呆在戶外；D. stayed up熬夜。根據(jù)第一段中的“If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to keep away from social media for six years, would you do it?”可知，此處講的是挑戰(zhàn)的具體條件，與上文的“keep away from”呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
【43題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她決定再延長兩年，并多付200美元。A. less更少；B. most最多；C. more更多；D. least最少。根據(jù)第一段中的“If someone said they’d pay you 1,800 dollars to keep away from social media for six years, would you do it?”和第二段中的“Lorna, Sivert Klefsaas’s mother, was by a challenge she heard on the radio called the ‘16 for 16...’”可知，Lorna是多給了Sivert 200美元。故選C項(xiàng)。
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sivert說，沒有社交媒體的生活并不是那么困難，他在這六年里也沒怎么想過這個(gè)問題。A. common普通的；B. interesting有趣的；C. difficult困難的；D. useful有用的。根據(jù)下文“he didn’t think about it much during the six years”可知，Sivert覺得沒有社交媒體的生活并不是很困難。故選C項(xiàng)。
【45題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在打賭之前，他唯一使用的應(yīng)用程序是Snapchat——在試用一天后他刪除了它。A. barrier屏障；B. research研究；C. game游戲；D. bet打賭。根據(jù)上文語境可知，這里是指代Sivert和媽媽之間的賭約。故選D項(xiàng)。
46題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我會說，從來沒有一個(gè)時(shí)刻，我認(rèn)為我即將離開社交媒體。A. seldom很少；B. never從不；C. ever曾經(jīng)；D. even甚至。根據(jù)“As a 12-year-old boy, Sivert said he wasn’t using social media much anyway.”可知，Sivert接受了脫離社交媒體六年的挑戰(zhàn)，再根據(jù)下文“And as it went on, it was more of a pride thing.”可知，Sivert絕對不會有想打破這個(gè)賭約的時(shí)候，因此選擇表示全部否定的副詞never。故選B項(xiàng)。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我得避免那些不必要的鬧劇。A. awesome讓人驚嘆的；B. uncertain不確定的；C. vital重要的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根據(jù)“‘And as it went on, it was more of a pride thing.’ He also had his friends to keep him up to date on the latest information or trends.”可知，Sivert把遠(yuǎn)離社交媒體當(dāng)作一件自豪的事情。他也尋求他的朋友告訴他最新的消息或趨勢，因此他可以避開社交媒體上各種無謂的狗血?jiǎng)∏?。所以選擇unnecessary“不必要的，無用的”。故選D項(xiàng)。
【48題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Lorna說，她從來不用檢查兒子Sivert偷偷下載的任何應(yīng)用程序。A. secretly秘密地；B. publicly公開地；C. quietly安靜地；D. cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)“he wanted to prove he could make it”可知，此處應(yīng)該是說Lorna表示她從來不需要檢查兒子是否偷偷下載了應(yīng)用程序。故選A項(xiàng)。
【49題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他太好勝了，他想證明自己能成功。A. worried擔(dān)憂的；B. ashamed感到羞恥的；C. competitive好勝的；D. delighted高興的。根據(jù)上文Sivert堅(jiān)持自己的賭約及下文“...he wanted to prove he could make it”可知，他是一個(gè)具有勝負(fù)欲的人。故選C項(xiàng)。
【50題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們當(dāng)然不反對社交媒體，但我們關(guān)心的是如何健康地使用它。A. constant持續(xù)不斷的；B. accidental意外的；C. random任意的；D. healthy健康的。根據(jù)“He’s so ________ and he wanted to prove he could make it,’ she said. It also meant he had more time to focus on his grades and sports instead.”和“We are certainly not against social media, yet…”可知，Lorna 的態(tài)度不是反對社交媒體而是讓她的兒子健康地使用社交媒體。故選D項(xiàng)。
【51題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這絕對是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的過程。A. condition條件；B. process過程；C. line線條；D. result結(jié)果。根據(jù)上下文語境和“…and I can’t do that quite well yet.”可知，Sivert 認(rèn)為要和他的朋友一樣很好地使用社交媒體會是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的過程。故選B項(xiàng)。
【52題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到我的朋友們在他們的社交媒體應(yīng)用上做得很好，而我還不能做得很好。A. excel擅長；B. hand交；C. get得到；D. take帶走。根據(jù)下文“…and I can’t do that quite well yet.”可知，Sivert不能很好地使用他的朋友使用得很好的社交媒體，所以可推出他的朋友們擅長使用那些社交軟件。因此應(yīng)是“excel in”意為“在……方面勝過或擅長”。故選A項(xiàng)。
【53題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是關(guān)于不要讓自己被它拖累，或被人們在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的東西影響，甚至上癮。A. weighed使煩惱；B. put放置；C. broken打破；D. torn撕碎。根據(jù)“It’s about not letting yourself get ________ down by it, or affected by the things people post online,…”可知，Lorna對社交媒體的態(tài)度是不要讓使用者被社交媒體所拖累，或者被人們所分享的東西所影響。強(qiáng)調(diào)社交媒體會帶來的危害。weigh down“使頹廢，使壓垮，拖累”。故選A項(xiàng)。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是關(guān)于不要讓自己被它拖累，或被人們在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的東西影響，甚至上癮。A. applied應(yīng)用；B. addicted上癮；C. admitted承認(rèn)；D. exposed暴露。根據(jù)上一空可知此處講的是社交媒體帶來的危害，加上空前的“even”表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，因此選擇addicted“沉迷于……”。故選B項(xiàng)。
【55題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令她滿意的是，她認(rèn)為兒子現(xiàn)在對社交媒體的看法與12歲時(shí)“不同”。A. beginning開始；B. role角色；C. impact影響；D. view觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)“To her satisfaction,…”可知，Lorna認(rèn)為她的兒子現(xiàn)在對社交媒體有了與12歲時(shí)“不同的視角”。強(qiáng)調(diào)對同一事物前后不同的視角，選擇view，意為“(理解或思維的)方式，方法”。故選D項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
As a traditional form of expression associated with important celebrations and festivities. Urtiin Duu plays ____56____honoured and distinct role in Mongolian society. It ____57____ (perform) at weddings, the birth of a child, and other social events celebrated by Mongolia’s communities. The Urtiin Duu can also be heard at the Naadam, a festival ____58____ (feature) wrestling, archery and horseracing competitions.
The Urtiin Duu is a lyrical chant, which is characterized ____59____an abundance of falsettos(假聲), an extremely wide vocal range and a free compositional form. The rising melody is slow and steady ____60____the falling melody is often integrated with a ____61____(live) rhythm.
Widely ____62____(believe) to have originated 2, 000 years ago, the Urtiiu Duu has been recorded in literary works since the thirteenth century. However, since the 1950s, ____63____ (urban) and industrialization have increasingly replaced traditional nomadic(游牧民的) lifestyles, and parts of the grassland where tradition-bearers used to live ____64____(fall) victim to desertification, causing many families to shift to a non-nomadic way of life ____65____many classical themes of Urtiin Duu, such as the praise of typical nomads’ virtues and experiences, lose their relevance.
【答案】56. an 57. is performed
58. featuring
59. by 60. while
61. lively 62. believed
63. urbanization
64. have fallen
65. where
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在蒙古社會有獨(dú)特而光榮地位的演唱形式——Urtiin Du。
【56題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：Urtiin Duu在蒙古社會中有著獨(dú)特而光榮的地位。play a/an+形容詞+role，意為“扮演......的角色；發(fā)揮......的作用”，且honoured發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭，應(yīng)用an，故填an。
【57題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在蒙古社區(qū)舉行的婚禮，孩子的出生，以及其他社會活動(dòng)中都會有這種演唱?？仗幾鲋^語，且句子描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語It和動(dòng)詞perform(表演)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)，故填is performed。
【58題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：Urtiin Duu在那達(dá)慕也可以聽到，那達(dá)慕是一個(gè)以摔跤、射箭和賽馬為特色的節(jié)日?？仗幨欠侵^語代詞做后置定語，修飾名詞 festival，且動(dòng)詞feature和名詞festival二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，故填featuring。
【59題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：Urtiin Duu是一種抒情頌歌，以豐富的假聲、極寬的音域和自由的組曲形式演唱。be characterized by是固定搭配，意為“具有......的特征；以.......為特征”，故填by。
【60題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：上升的旋律是緩慢而穩(wěn)定的，而下降的旋律往往與活潑的節(jié)奏結(jié)合在一起?？涨昂涂蘸笫莾蓚€(gè)句子，此處應(yīng)填連詞，且上下文表示對比，應(yīng)用并列連詞while(而；然而)，故填while。
【61題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：上升的旋律是緩慢而穩(wěn)定的，而下降的旋律往往與活潑的節(jié)奏結(jié)合在一起?？仗帒?yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，意為“活潑的”，用形容詞lively，故填lively。
【62題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為它起源于2000年前，從13世紀(jì)開始，文學(xué)作品中就有記載?？仗幨欠侵^語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是主句主語the Urtiiu Duu，且二者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語，故填believed。
【63題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：然而，自1950年代以來，城市化和工業(yè)化日益取代傳統(tǒng)的游牧生活方式，傳統(tǒng)擁有者曾經(jīng)居住的部分草原地區(qū)已經(jīng)變成荒漠化，這導(dǎo)致許多家庭轉(zhuǎn)向非游牧生活方式，許多傳統(tǒng)的Urtiin Duu主題曲，例如贊美典型游牧民的美德和經(jīng)歷，都失去了其相關(guān)性。由空后名詞industrialization可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞urbanization(城市化)和industrialization(工業(yè)化)做并列主語，且urbanization為不可數(shù)名詞，故填urbanization。
【64題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：然而，自1950年代以來，城市化和工業(yè)化日益取代傳統(tǒng)的游牧生活方式，傳統(tǒng)擁有者曾經(jīng)居住的部分草原地區(qū)已經(jīng)變成荒漠化，這導(dǎo)致許多家庭轉(zhuǎn)向非游牧生活方式，許多傳統(tǒng)的Urtiin Duu主題曲，例如贊美典型游牧民的美德和經(jīng)歷，都失去了其相關(guān)性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，parts前的and前后連接兩個(gè)并列句，“where tradition-bearers used to live”是定語從句，所以空處是and后面句子的謂語，由and之前句子的謂語have placed可知，句子用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以and后面的句子也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示“部分草原已經(jīng)變成荒漠化”，主語是where tradition-bearers used to live，為復(fù)數(shù)，所以應(yīng)用have fallen，故填have fallen。
【65題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：然而，自1950年代以來，城市化和工業(yè)化日益取代傳統(tǒng)的游牧生活方式，傳統(tǒng)擁有者曾經(jīng)居住的部分草原地區(qū)已經(jīng)變成荒漠化，這導(dǎo)致許多家庭轉(zhuǎn)向非游牧生活方式，許多傳統(tǒng)的Urtiin Duu主題曲，例如贊美典型游牧民的美德和經(jīng)歷，都失去了其相關(guān)性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“many classical themes of Urtiin Duu, such as the praise of typical nomads’ virtues and experiences, lose their relevance.”是限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞a non-nomadic way of life，且定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語in the life，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞where來引導(dǎo)，故填where。
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
66. 假定你是李華，正在為高考緊張地復(fù)習(xí)，但最近你遇到了一些問題或困難，導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)效率比較低下。于是你給你校的外籍心理老師John寫一封信尋求幫助。內(nèi)容包括：
1.你的問題或困難；
2.希望獲得幫助。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置如答。
Dear John,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【答案】參考范文
Dear John,
I am Li Hua, a senior 3 student. Recently, I’ve been busy preparing for my College Entrance Exam, but unfortunately I find it quite hard to study efficiently. So I’m writing to ask you for help. I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot. First, I have to spend so much time on my homework that I hardly have time to do sports. Moreover, the high expectations from the teachers and parents make me stressed out because I don’t want to let them down. Faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help. Could you please offer me some advice on how to solve these problems?
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。要求考生寫一封信給心理老師John，尋求幫助。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
不幸地：unfortunately → unluckily
十分，很：quite → extremely
遇到：encounter → run into
此外：moreover → besides
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help.
拓展句：As I am faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句）
【高分句型2】First, I have to spend so much time on my homework that I hardly have time to do sports.（運(yùn)用了so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句）
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
67. 閱讀下面材料；根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
When I was 13, I climbed my first mountain. I was overweight at the time and out of breath when I reached the peak. But I loved the challenge of it. Soon I’d climbed nearly 100 peaks. My parents were happy I’d finally found my favorite hobby.
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen. Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, she and I drove to Oregon to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood.
It’s safer to start winter climbs at night when there’s less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a.m., following the paths alongside the ski runs. The temperature was about 14 degrees, and we wore layers we could easily remove, knowing the climbing would make us warm.
After about five hours, we reached Devil’s Kitchen, a plateau(高原) at about 10, 000 feet, just before the final push to the top. By this point, the wind conditions were very unpleasant. My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. Some other climbers decided to turn back, but Mel and I went ahead. We had ice axes(斧子), helmets and crampons(帶釘鐵鞋底). We were prepared for the climb.
The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. At around 9 a.m., we reached an ice step. It was about three or four feet tall and sloped at a 75-degree angle. I volunteered to go first. I placed my left foot on the ice step.
You gain a sense of the ice when you stick your ax and crampons into it, and it felt good. Confident that I was safe, I put my full weight on it. Suddenly I heard a crack, and a whole thick piece of ice broke off the step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward. I could hear Mel calling my name as I fell down, bouncing off the rock face and rolling down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I remember thinking, “That is it. You’re done.”
注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything.
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With Mel by my side I’d been lying on the icy rock for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me.
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【答案】參考范文
I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. But it didn’t help!/(That slowed my rolling down the mountain, but I was still sliding.) After a few heart-in-mouth seconds, I came to a stop on an icy rock. My clothes were shredded, my helmet was broken and my face was bloodied from cuts and scratches. Worse still, I was suffering from a sharp, unbearable pain in my legs. Fear gripped me and I was sinking to the depths of despair when Mel made her way down. Seeing me unable to move, she yelled for help, and with the help of several adult climbers she called the Mountain Rescue.
With Mel by my side I’d been lying on the icy rock for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me. They strapped me into a sled and pulled me down the mountain. I have a pretty high pain tolerance, but I screamed with each bounce. At the bottom of Mount Hood, I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital, where my broken legs were treated. I didn’t get released until one month later. It‘s true that the fall brought me pain and made me more cautious. But the experience also made me grow as a person with growing faith in friendship and greater enthusiasm for my favorite hobby.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者在和好友梅爾一起登山時(shí)遭遇意外，好友不離不棄，解救作者的故事。
【詳解】段落續(xù)寫：
第一段首句內(nèi)容“我伸出胳膊和腿，抓住任何東西?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懽髡呤軅?，疼痛難忍、緊張害怕，好友大聲呼救，作者最終獲救。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“救援人員趕到我身邊時(shí)，我已經(jīng)在冰冷的巖石上躺了四個(gè)小時(shí)，在此期間，梅爾一直陪在我身邊?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫作者被送往醫(yī)院接受治療以及自己從這次經(jīng)歷得到的教訓(xùn)以及對友誼的新認(rèn)識。
2.續(xù)寫線索：作者受傷————疼痛難忍、緊張害怕——好友大聲呼救——作者獲救——好友一直陪伴——入院治療——教訓(xùn)以及感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①抓住：grab at / catch hold of
②控制：grip /control
情緒類
①謹(jǐn)慎、小心的：cautious /careful
②恐懼：fear/ horror
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]. Seeing me unable to move, she yelled for help, and with the help of several adult climbers she called the Mountain Rescue.（運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）
[高分句型2]. At the bottom of Mount Hood, I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital, where my broken legs were treated. （運(yùn)用了關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）

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