目 錄
第一章 詞匯分類集中復習....... .............................. .........................................................2
第二章 常用短語匯總........................................................................................................5
第一節(jié) 動詞短語.................................................................................................................5
第二節(jié) 介詞短語.................................................................................................................6
第三節(jié) 特殊疑問詞.............................................................................................................7
第四節(jié) 縮寫詞.....................................................................................................................7
第五節(jié) 時間詞和短語.........................................................................................................7
第六節(jié) 常見介詞.................................................................................................................8
第七節(jié) 時間介詞at、on、in的用法.....................................................................................8
第三章 日常用語................................................................................................................8
第一節(jié) 小學生口語100句.................................................................................................8
第二節(jié) 英語日常用語.........................................................................................................9
第三節(jié) 日常用語分類.......................................................................................................12
第四章 主要問句匯總......................................................................................................14
第五章 常用詞性.................. ........ ..................................................................................17
第一節(jié) 名詞................................. .....................................................................................17
第二節(jié) 冠詞.......................................................................................................................22
第三節(jié) 介詞.......................................................................................................................27
第六章 常見介詞(連接詞)的用法..................................................................................32
第一節(jié) 系動詞Be的用法.................................................................................................32
第二節(jié) Do的作用.............................................................................................................33
第三節(jié) 介詞for的用法.....................................................................................................34
第四節(jié) With的用法..........................................................................................................34
第五節(jié) Some與any的用法.............................................................................................35
第六節(jié) How many與how much的區(qū)別與用法.............................................................36
第七節(jié) Have和has的用法...............................................................................................36
第八節(jié) Do和does的用法................................................................................................36
第七章 重要句型.............................................................................................................37
第一節(jié) 一般疑問句..........................................................................................................37
第二節(jié) 特殊疑問句..........................................................................................................38
第三節(jié) 情感動詞的用法..................................................................................................39
第八章 五種語法匯總......................................................................................................40
第一節(jié) 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài).......................................................................................................40
第二節(jié) 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài).......................................................................................................40
第三節(jié) 一般將來時態(tài).......................................................................................................42
第四節(jié) 一般過去時態(tài).......................................................................................................43
第五節(jié) 小學英語不規(guī)則動詞變化表...............................................................................45
第六節(jié) 形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級...........................................................................46
第七節(jié) 幾種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成匯總...........................................................................................47
第九章 方位的表達方式..................................................................................................48
第一節(jié) 交通工具及“規(guī)則” .........................................................................................48
第二節(jié) 英語中方位的表達方式......................................................................................49
第十章 句型轉(zhuǎn)換方法歸納..............................................................................................50
第一節(jié) 改為一般疑問句.................................. ...............................................................50
第二節(jié) 改為否定句................................. ........................................................................50
第三節(jié) 對劃線部分提問................................ .................................................................51
第四節(jié) 肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句.......... ..........................................51
第五節(jié) 其它需要注意點.................................. ... ............................................................52
第十一章 小學英語諺語集錦..............................................................................................52
第十二章 寫作......................................................................................................................55
第一節(jié) 分類寫作指導...................................... ......................... .....................................55
第二節(jié) 命題作文...............................................................................................................58
第三節(jié) 話題作文...............................................................................................................62
小學英語知識點匯總

第一章 詞匯分類集中復習
一、學習用品
pen鋼筆  pencil鉛筆 pencil-case鉛筆盒  ruler尺子  eraser橡皮 comic book漫畫書   schoolbag書包 crayon蠟筆 Chinese book語文書 notebook筆記本 dictionary詞典 bag包magazine雜志 story-book故事書 newspaper報紙 sharpener卷 post card明信片 English book英語書  math book數(shù)學書   book書
二、人體
foot腳  head頭  face臉  hair頭發(fā)  nose鼻子 finger手指  leg腿  tail尾巴 mouth嘴  eye眼睛  ear耳朵  arm手臂  hand手 
三、顏色
red紅 blue藍 yellow黃 green綠 white白 pink粉紅 purple紫 orange 橙 brown棕 black黑
四、動物
cat貓 dog狗  pig豬 duck鴨  rabbit兔  horse馬 elephant大象 fish魚  bird鳥 eagle鷹 snake蛇  mouse老鼠 ant螞蟻 beaver海貍 bear熊  donkey驢 goose鵝 deer鹿 monkey猴 goat山羊 squirrel松鼠 panda熊貓 lion獅子  tiger老虎  fox狐貍  zebra斑馬  hen母雞  giraffe長頸鹿 turkey火雞 lamb小羊 sheep綿羊 cow奶牛 squid魷魚  lobster龍蝦 shark鯊魚 seal海豹 sperm whale抹香鯨  killer whale虎鯨 kangaroo袋鼠
五、人物
friend朋友  boy男孩 girl女孩  mother母親 father父親  sister姐妹  brother兄弟 man男人uncle叔叔;舅舅   woman女人 Mr.先生  Miss小姐  lady女士;小姐  mom媽媽  dad爸爸  parents父母  son兒子 daughter女兒 kid小孩 baby嬰兒 grandparents祖父母  grandma/grandmother(外)祖母  robot機器人 grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父 visitor參觀者aunt姑姑  cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹 classmate同學 queen女王  neighbour鄰居  tourist旅行者 principal校長 people人物university student大學生  pen pal筆友    
六、職業(yè)
teacher教師 student學生 doctor醫(yī)生  nurse護士  driver司機 farmer農(nóng)民  singer歌唱家  writer作家  actor男演員  actress女演員 artist畫家  engineer工程師  accountant會計 cleaner清潔工 salesperson銷售員 baseball player棒球運動員 assistant售貨員 police警察 policeman(男)警察 policewoman(女)警察 TV reporter電視臺記者 weather reporter天氣預報
七、食品、飲料
rice米飯  bread面包  beef牛肉  milk牛奶  water水 egg蛋  fish魚  tofu豆腐 cake蛋糕  cookie曲奇  biscuit餅干  jam果醬 noodles面條  tea茶 meat肉  chicken雞肉  pork豬肉  salad沙拉 soup湯 Coke可樂 mutton羊肉 ice冰  ice-cream冰淇淋 juice果汁  coffee咖啡 breakfast早餐  lunch午餐  dinner/supper晚餐 meal一餐 hot dog熱狗 hamburger漢堡包  French fries炸薯條  vegetable蔬菜
八、水果、蔬菜
apple蘋果  banana香蕉  pear梨  orange橙子 grape葡萄 eggplant茄子 green beans青豆 tomato西紅柿  potato土豆 peach桃  strawberry草莓 cucumber黃瓜 onion洋蔥 carrot胡蘿卜 cabbage卷心菜 watermelon西瓜
九、衣服
jacket夾克衫  pants長褲 skirt短裙子  dress連衣裙  socks襪子 jeans牛仔褲 T-shirt丅恤衫 shirt襯衫 shoes鞋子  sweater毛衣  coat上衣  raincoat雨衣 shorts短褲 sneakers網(wǎng)球鞋  slippers拖鞋  sandals涼鞋 boots靴子 hat(有沿的)帽子  cap便帽   cloth布 sunglasses太陽鏡  tie領(lǐng)帶  scarf圍巾 gloves手套  trousers褲子  clothes 衣服
十、交通工具
bike自行車  bus公共汽車  train火車  jeep吉普車 ship輪船  yacht快艇  motor cycle摩托車 
boat小船 car小汽車  taxi出租車  van小貨車 plane/airplane飛機  subway/underground地鐵 
十一、雜物
window窗戶 door門 desk課桌 chair椅子 computer計算機 board寫字板  fan風扇 light燈 teacher’s desk講臺 picture圖畫;照片 wall墻壁  floor地板  curtain窗簾  trash bin垃圾箱  closet壁櫥  mirror鏡子 end table床頭柜  present禮物 walkman隨身聽 lamp臺燈 sofa沙發(fā) football/soccer足球 phone電話 shelf書架  fridge冰箱 bed床 table桌子 TV電視  air-conditioner空調(diào)  key鑰匙  lock鎖  photo照片  chart圖表  plate盤子 knife刀  fork叉  spoon勺子  chopsticks筷子 pot鍋  gift禮物  toy玩具 doll洋娃娃  ball球 balloon氣球  kite風箏 jigsaw puzzle拼圖游戲  box盒子 umbrella傘  zipper拉鏈  violin小提琴 tube管子yo-yo溜溜球  nest鳥窩  hole洞  toothbrush牙刷  menu菜單  e-card電子卡片 money錢e-mail電子郵件  traffic light交通燈 medicine藥
十二、地點
home家 room房間  bedroom臥室  bathroom衛(wèi)生間 living room起居室 kitchen廚房  classroom教室  school學?!?park公園  library圖書館 post office郵局 police office警察局hospital醫(yī)院 cinema電影院 bookstore書店  farm農(nóng)場  zoo動物園  garden花園  study書房  playground操場 canteen食堂  teacher’s office教師辦公室 library圖書館 gym體育館 flat公寓washroom衛(wèi)生間  art room繪畫教室  computer room計算機教室 music room音樂教室 city城市 TV room電視機房 company公司  factory工廠 fruit stand水果攤  pet shop寵物商店  nature park自然公園 theme park主題公園  science museum科學博物館  the Great Wall長城supermarket超市  bank銀行  country國家  village鄉(xiāng)村  hometown家鄉(xiāng)  bus stop公交車站
十三、課程
sports體育運動  science科學  Moral Education 思想品德課  Social Studies社會課  Chinese語文  math數(shù)學  PE體育課  English英語課
十四、國家、城市
China/PRC中國  America/USA美國 UK聯(lián)合王國  England英國  Canada/CAN加拿大  Australia澳大利亞 New York紐約  London倫敦 Sydney悉尼  Moscow莫斯科  Cairo開羅
十五、氣象
cold寒冷的  warm溫暖的  cool涼爽的  snowy下雪的   sunny晴朗的 
hot炎熱的  rainy下雨的  windy有風的  cloudy多云的 weather report天氣預報 
十六、景物
river河流 lake湖泊  stream河;溪  forest森林 path小道  road公路  house房子 rain雨 cloud云 bridge橋  building建筑物  sun太陽  mountain山  sky天空 rainbow彩虹 wind風  air空氣  moon月亮
十七、植物
flower花  grass草  tree樹   seed種子  sprout苗  plant植物  rose玫瑰  leaf葉子
十八、星期
Monday星期一  Tuesday星期二  Wednesday星期三  Thursday星期四 
Friday星期五  Saturday星期六  Sunday星期天  weekend周末
十九、患病
have a fever發(fā)燒  hurt疼痛  have a cold感冒  have a toothache牙疼  have a headache頭疼  have a sore throat喉嚨疼
二十、季節(jié) spring春 summer夏 fall/autumn秋 winter冬
二十一、方位 south南 north北 east東 west西 left 左邊 right右邊
二十二、月份
Jan. (January)一月  Feb.(February)二月  Mar.(March)三月  April四月  May五月  June六月  July七月  Aug.(August)八月  Sept.(September)九月  Oct.(October)十月 Nov.(November)十一月  Dec.(December)十二月
二十三、數(shù)詞
one一  two二  three三  four四  five五  six六  seven七 eight八  nine九  ten十  eleven十一  twelve十二   thirteen十三 fourteen十四  fifteen十五  sixteen十六  seventeen十七  eighteen十八 nineteen十九  twenty二十 thirty三十  forty四十 fifty五十  sixty六十 seventy七十  eighty八十   ninety九十   forty-two四十二  hundred百 one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六  first第一  second第二 third第三  fourth第四   fifth第五  eighth第八  ninth第九  twelfth第十二  twentieth第二十  thirtieth第三十  fortieth第四十 fiftieth第五十 sixtieth第六十 seventieth第七十 eightieth第八十 ninetieth第九十  fifty-sixth第五十六
二十四、形容詞(adj)
big大的 small小的  long長的  tall高的  short短的;矮的  young年輕的 old舊的;老的 strong健壯的  thin瘦的 active積極活躍的 quiet安靜的 nice好看的  kind和藹親切的  strict嚴格的  smart聰明的 funny滑稽可笑的 tasty好吃的  sweet甜的 salty咸的 sour酸的 fresh新鮮的 favourite最喜愛的  clean干凈的  tired疲勞的  excited興奮的 angry生氣的  happy高興的  bored無聊的  sad憂愁的 taller更高的  shorter更矮的  stronger更強壯的 older年齡更大的 younger更年輕的 bigger更大的 heavier更重的  longer更長的  thinner更瘦的  smaller更小的  good好的  fine好的 great很好的  heavy 重的   fat胖的  happy快樂的 new新的  right對的  hungry饑餓的 cute逗人喜愛的 little小的 lovely可愛的 beautiful漂亮的 colourful色彩鮮艷的 pretty漂亮的 cheap便宜的 expensive昂貴的  juicy多汁的  tender嫩的   healthy健康的  ill有病的  helpful有幫助的  high高的  easy簡單的  proud驕傲的  sick有病的  better更好的  higher更高的
二十五、介詞(prep)
in在……里  on在……上;在……時候  under在……下面  near在……的旁邊  behind在……后邊  next to與……相鄰  over在……上面  in front of在……前面
二十六、代詞(pron)
I我  we我們   you你;你們   he他  she她  it它  they他(她,它)們  my我的  our 我們的   your你的;你們的  his他的  her她的
二十七、動詞(v)
play(.ed)玩;踢  swim(swam)游泳  kate滑冰 fly(flew)飛  jump跳  walk走 run(ran)跑  climb爬 fight(fought)打架  swing(swung)蕩 eat(ate)吃 sleep(slept)睡覺 like像,喜歡 turn轉(zhuǎn)彎have(had)有;吃  buy(bought)買 take(took)買;帶  live居住  teach(taught)教 go(went)去study(studied)學習  learn學習(learned)  sing(sang)唱歌  dance跳舞  row劃  do(did)做 do homework做作業(yè)  do housework做家務  watch TV看電視  read(read) books讀書  cook the meals做飯 water the flowers澆花  sweep(swept) the floor掃地  clean the bedroom打掃臥室  make(made) the bed鋪床  set(set) the table擺飯桌  wash the clothes洗衣服  do the dishes洗碗碟 use a computer使用計算機  go to school上學  eat breakfast吃早飯  eat dinner吃晚飯   do morning exercises晨練;做廣播操 have English class上英語課  play sports進行體育運動  get(got)up起床  climb mountains爬山  go shopping買東西  play the piano彈鋼琴  visit grandparents看望(外)祖父母  go hiking去遠足  fly kites放風箏  make a snowman堆雪人  plant trees種樹  draw(drew) pictures畫畫  cook dinner做飯  read a book看書 play chess下棋answer the phone接電話  listen to music聽音樂  clean the room打掃房間 write(wrote) a letter寫信  write an e-mail寫電子郵件  drink(drank) water喝水  take pictures照相  watch insects觀察昆蟲  pick up leaves采摘樹葉  do an experiment做實驗  catch butterflies捉蝴蝶  count insects數(shù)昆蟲 
collect insects收集昆蟲  collect leaves收集樹葉  write a report寫報告  have a picnic舉行野餐  get to到達  ride(rode) a bike騎自行車  play the violin拉小提琴   make kites制作風箏 collect stamps集郵  meet(met)見面  welcome歡迎  thank謝謝  love愛  work工作  drink(drank)喝  taste嘗  smell聞  feed(fed)喂養(yǎng) shear剪  milk擠奶  look看  guess猜  help幫助  pass傳遞 how展示  use使用  clean打掃  open打開 close關(guān)上  put放  paint繪畫  tell(told)告訴  kick踢  bounce反彈  ride(rode)騎  stop(stopped)停  wait等  find(found)尋找到  drive(drove)駕駛 fold折  send(sent)寄 wash洗 shine照耀  become變成 feel(felt)感覺到  think(thought)思考  meet(met)遇見 fall(fell)落下 leave(left)離開  wake(woke) up醒來  put on穿上  take off脫掉 hang up掛起 wear(wore)穿  go home回家 go to bed上床睡覺  play computer games玩電腦游戲  play chess下棋  empty the trash倒垃圾 put away the clothes收拾衣服  get off下車  take a trip去旅行  read a magazine閱讀雜志  go to the cinema去看電影  go straight向前直走
第二章 常用短語匯總

第一次 動詞短語

clean the floor 掃地
clean the house 打掃房間
collect stamps 集郵
come back 回來
come from 來自……
come here 來這里
come in 進來
come on 過來/加油
come to tea 來喝茶
cook the meal 煮飯
crash into 撞向
dig a hole 挖坑
do housework 做家務
do morning exercises 晨練
do one’s homework 做作業(yè)
do some reading 讀點書
do sports 做運動
draw a picture 畫畫
drink some water 喝些水
drive a car 駕車
fall over 跌倒
fill the hole with earth 用泥土填坑
get off 下車
get out of 走出(……之外)
go and have a look 去看一看
go back 回去
go boating 去劃船
go fishing 去釣魚
go for a walk 去散步
go home 回家
go on a diet 節(jié)食
go out 出去
go shopping 去購物
go sightseeing 去觀光
go skating 去溜冰
go skiing 去滑雪
go straight on 直走
go swimming 去游泳
go to bed 去睡覺
go to school 去上學
go to the cinema 去看電影
go to work 去上班
have a bath 洗澡
have a Chinese lesson 上語文課
have a cold 感冒
have a fever 發(fā)燒
have a good time 玩得開心
have a headache 頭痛
have a look 看一看
have a picnic 舉行野餐活動工
have a rest 休息
have a stomachache 胃痛
have a tooth-ache 牙痛
have a trip 去旅游
have a try 試一試
have been to 到過
have breakfast 吃早餐
have fun 玩得開心
have lunch 吃午飯
have some coke 喝些可樂
have supper/dinner 吃晚飯
have time 有時間
just a minute 等一下
just now 剛才
keep a diary 記日記
let me see 讓我想一想/讓我看一看
listen to music 聽音樂
listen to the CDs 聽CD 碟
listen to the radio 聽收音機
make friends 交朋友
make the bed 整理床鋪
mark the pupils’ homework批改作業(yè)
next to 下一個
no problem 沒問題
paint a picture 涂畫
pick up 撿起
plant trees 種樹
play badminton 打羽毛球
play basketball 打籃球
play cards 打牌
play football 踢足球
play games 玩游戲
play table tennis 打乒乓球
play tennis 打網(wǎng)球
play the guitar 彈吉他
play the piano 彈鋼琴
put away 放好
put on 穿上
put the tree into the hole 把樹放進洞里
ride a bike 騎自行車
see a film 看電影
surf the Net 上網(wǎng)
take a message 傳遞信息
take exercise 進行鍛煉
take medicine 服藥
take off 脫下
take photos 照相
turn off 關(guān)閉
turn on 打開
wait a moment 稍等一下
wait for 等候
wash clothes 洗衣服
wash dishes 洗碟子
watch a football match 看足球賽
watch TV 看電視
water the flower 澆花
water the tree 澆樹
write a letter 寫信


第二節(jié) 介詞短語


a glass of 一杯……
a lot of 許多……
a map of 一幅……的地圖
a pair of 一雙……
a picture of 一幅……的畫
a plate of 一碟……
agree with 同意……
all of them 他們大家
all of us 我們大家
at first 首先
at home 在家
at last 最后
at night 在晚上
at school 在學校
at the top of 在……頂部
at the weeken 在周末
be good at 擅長于……
be made of 由……制造
by the road 在路邊
by the way 順便問問
close to 靠近……
different from 不同于
fall down 跌倒
far away from 遠離
from then on 從那時起
from…to… 從……到……
full of 充滿
get off 下車
get on 上車
get out of 走出……之外
get to 到達
go on 繼續(xù)
hand in 上交
help…with… 幫助某人做某事
in English 用英語
in front of 在……前面
in the afternoon 在下午
in the east / south / west /north在東/南/西/北方
in the evening 在晚上
in the middle 在中間
in the morning 在早上
in the sky 在空中
in time 及時
in trouble 遇到麻煩
It’s time to 是該……的時候了。
late for 遲到
look for 尋找
not at all 根本不
on foot 步行
on holiday 度假
on Monday 在星期一
on September 1st 在九月一日
on the farm 在農(nóng)場
on the left 在左邊
on the right 在右邊
on time 準時
play with 與……玩
put on 穿上
sit down 坐下
stand up 起立
start for 出發(fā)前往
talk to 和……交談
Thank you for… 感謝你的……
wait for 等待
wake up 醒來


第三節(jié) 特殊疑問詞

what 什么
where 哪里
who 誰
whose 誰的
when 什么時候
how 怎樣
which 哪一個
what time 什么時候
what colour 什么顏色
what language 什么語言
what subject 什么科目
what class 什么班
what day 星期幾
what date 日期
how many 多少
how much 多少錢
how often 多經(jīng)常
how long 多長時間
how old 多大
how tall 多高
how heavy 多重
why 為什么

第四節(jié) 縮寫詞

I’m = I am
It’s = it is
he’s = he is
she’s = she is
you’re = you are
they’re = they are
that’s = that is
isn’t = is not
aren’t = are not
don’t = do not
doesn’t = does not
wasn’t = was not
weren’t = were not
hasn’t = has not
haven’t = have not
can’t = cannot
won’t = will not
we’ll = we will
who’s = who is
what’s = what is
let’s = let us
here’s = here is
No. = number


第五節(jié) 時間詞和短語

year年
month 月
week周
date日期
day 日
hour 小時
morning 早上
afternoon 下午
evening 晚上
the day before yesterday 前天
yesterday 昨天
today 今天
tomorrow 明天
the day after tomorrow 后天
last year去年
last month 上個月
last week 上個星期
next year 明年
next month 下個月
next week 下周

第六節(jié) 常見介詞

(一)方位介詞
in 在……里面 at 在……(小地方) on 在……上面 under 在……下面
behind 在……后面 next to 緊挨著 near 在……附近 in front of 在……前面
over 在……上方 outside 在……外面 between…and… 在……與……之間
in the middle 在中間 beside / by 在……旁邊
(二)其他介詞
at… 在……點鐘 for 給,為了,作為 to 到…… from…to… 從……到…… of ……的 by 乘(坐)……交通工具 with 用……,和……一起,帶…… into 進去 from 來自 out 外面 up 向上 down 向下 before 在……之前 after 在…
第七節(jié) 時間介詞at,on,in的用法
1、at 用在具體的時刻和中午前面。如:at 6:00, at seven thirty, at noon
2、on用在具體星期、日期前面。如:on Monday, on September 1st
3、in 用在年、月、季節(jié)或早上、下午、晚上的前面。如:
in 2008, in February, in spring, in the morning
時間的排列順序:由小到大如:
at two in the afternoon 在下午2點。 on September 1st ,2006 2006年9月1日。

第三章 日常用語
第一節(jié) 小學生口語100句
1. Hello, … 你好。
2. Hi, … 喂,你好。
3. Good morning/ afternoon/evening.
早上/下午/晚上好。
4. How are you(this morning/afternoon/evening)?
你今天早晨/下午/晚上好嗎?
5. Fine, thank you/ thanks. 我很好,謝謝。
6. Not bad, thank you. 不錯,謝謝。
7. Welcome back to school. 歡迎回到學校來。
8. Welcome to our school. 歡迎到我們學校來。
9. Happy birthday! 生日快樂!
10. What’s your name, please? 你的名字是什么?
11. Your name, please? 你叫什么名字?
12. My name is…/ I’m… 我的名字是…/我名叫…
13. This is Miss/ Mr/ Mrs…這位是…小姐/先生/女士。
14. This is my friend. 這是我的朋友。
15. Come and meet my friends. 過來見見我的朋友們。
16. How do you do? 你好。
17. Nice to meet /see you. 很高興認識/見到你。
18. Goodbye. 再見
19. Good night. 晚安。
20. How old is he? 他多大了?
21. Thank you./ Thanks. 謝謝。
22. You’re welcome. 不用謝。
23. That’s all right. 沒關(guān)系。
24. I’m sorry. 對不起。
25. Sorry, I don’t know. 對不起,我不知道。
26. Excuse me. 對不起,打擾一下。
27. Come in, please. 請進。
28. Have some bananas, please. 請吃些香蕉。
29. It’s time for the cakes. 該吃些蛋糕了。
30. May I come in? 我可以進來嗎?
31. Come in, please. 請進。
32. May I have yours? 我能吃你的嗎?
33. Can I have two cakes? 我能吃兩個蛋糕嗎?
34. No, you can’t. 不,你不能。
35. Can I have one,please? 我能吃一個嗎?
36. Yes./All right. Here you are. 好的。給你。
37. Can I go with you? 我能和你一起走嗎?
38. Sure. 好的。
39. Do you know his telephone number?
?你知道他的電話號碼嗎?
40. Are you sure? 你能確定嗎?
41. Yes. I’m sure. 是的,我肯定。
42. Maybe he’s in the teachers’ office.
可能他在老師辦公室。
43. We’re about the same age, I think.
我想我們大概年齡相仿。
44. Yes, you’re right. 是的,你是對的。
45. You’re wrong. 你錯了。
46. I like …very much. 我非常喜歡…
47. I like to draw pictures there.我喜歡在那兒畫畫。
48. Me too. 我也是。
49. Can I help you? 我能幫你嗎?
50. Yes, a dress for my daughter.
是的,給我女兒買條裙子。
51. What do you want, a dress or a skirt?
你想要買什么?連衣裙還是短裙?
52. How about the blue one? 這條藍色的如何?
53. How much is it? 多少錢?
54. Fifty-nine yuan. 五十九元。
55. Excuse me, where’s the cinema?
請問,電影院在哪?
56. Where’s the teachers’ office, please?
老師辦公室在哪?
57. Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?
請問,怎么走才能到達郵局?
58. Can you show me the way to the bank, please? 你能告訴我去銀行的路怎么走嗎?
59. It’s over there, near the Bank of China.
? 就在那兒,中國銀行的旁邊。
60. This way, please. 請這邊走。
61. Sorry, I don’t know. You may go and ask him. 對不起,我不知道。你可以去問他。
62. What’s the time? 幾點了?
63. Excuse me, what’s the time, please?
請問,幾點了?
64. It’s time to get up/go to school…
到了起床/去學校的時候了。
65. It’s time for… 到了(做)…的時候了。
66. Look at the blackboard, please. 請看黑板。
67. Go and get him. 去把他找來。
68. Let me have a look, please. 讓我看一看。
69. Let’s play a game today. 今天我們來做個游戲。
70. Now listen to me, please. 現(xiàn)在請聽我說。
71. Can you look after my bag and clothes, please?
你能幫我照看一下我的書包和衣服嗎?
72. Yes. /All right./ OK./ Sure. 好的。
73. Look at his coat. 看他的外套。
74. Shall we go now? 我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎?
75. Let’s go to school. 讓我們?nèi)W校吧。
76. Yes, let’s. 好的,走吧。
77. Let’s get some(red) flowers.讓我們來摘些(紅)花。
78. Please don’t. 請不要。
79. Don’t turn off the TV. 別關(guān)電視。
80. Very good. 很好。
81. Great!/ That’s great. 太好了。/棒極了。
82. How nice! 多漂亮?。?br /> 83. How beautiful! 多美??!
84. It’s lovely. 它真可愛。
85. Oh, dear! 哦,天啊!
86. Pardon? 對不起,請再說一遍。
87. Excuse me, would you please tell me…?
對不起,你能告訴我…?
88. What can you see? 你能看見什么?
89. Where are the balls? 球在哪兒?
90. Look, they’re between the bags.
?看,它們在書包中間。
91. What’s that on the wall? 墻上的那是什么?
92. It’s a photo of my family. 是我們家的全家福。
93. There are some toy boats on the desk.
?桌上有些玩具船。
94. Please give it to me . 請把它給我。
95. Who are they? 他們是誰?
96. Their names are… 他們的名字是…。
97. What’s your telephone number?
你的電話號碼是什么?
98. Shall we call her? 我們打電話給她好嗎?
99. What a clever boy he is! 他是個多么聰明的孩子??!
100. How beautiful the girls are!這些女孩多漂亮?。?br /> 第二節(jié) 英語日常用語

(一)Greetings 問候語
1. Hello! / Hi! 你好!
2. Good morning / afternoon / evening! 早晨(下午/晚上)好!
3. I'm Kathy King. 我是凱西·金。
4. Are you Peter Smith? 你是彼得·史密斯嗎?
5. Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 是,我是。/ 不,我不是。
6. How are you? 你好嗎?
7. Fine, thanks. And you? 很好,謝謝,你呢?
8. I'm fine, too. 我也很好。
9. How is Amy / your wife / your husband?
愛米好嗎?/你妻子好嗎?/你丈夫好嗎?
10. She is very well, thank you. 她很好,謝謝。
11. Good night, Jane. 晚安,簡。
12. Good-bye, Mike. 再見,邁克。
13. See you tomorrow. 明天見。
14. See you later. 待會兒見。
15. I have to go now. 我必須走了。
(二 )Expression In Class 課堂用語
16. May I come in? 我能進來嗎?
17. Come in, please. 請進。
18. Sit down, please. 請坐。
19. It's time for class. 上課時間到了。
20. Open your books and turn to page 20.
打開書,翻到第20頁。
21. I'll call the roll before class. 課前我要點名。
22. Here! 到!
23. Has everybody got a sheet?
每個人都拿到材料了嗎?
24. Any different opinion? 有不同意見嗎?
25. Are you with me? 你們跟上我講的了嗎?
26. Have I made myself clear? 我講明白了嗎?
27. Could you say it again? 你能再說一遍嗎?
28. Any questions? 有什么問題嗎?
29. That's all for today. 今天就講到這里。
30. Please turn in your paper before leaving.
請在離開前將論文交上。
(三)Identifying Objects 辨別物品
31. What's this? 這是什么?
32. It's a pen. 是支筆。
33. Is this your handbag? 這是你的手提包嗎?
34. No, it isn't. / Yes, it is. 不,它不是。/是的,它是。
35. Whose pen is this? 這是誰的筆?
36. It's Kate's. 是凱特的。
37. Is that a car? 那是一輛小汽車嗎?
38. No, it isn't. It's a bus. 不,那是一輛公共汽車。
39. What do you call this in English?
這個用英語怎么說?
40. What is the color of your new book?
你的新書是什么顏色的?
41. How big is your house? 你的房子有多大?
42. How long is the street? 這條街有多長?
43. What's the name of the cat? 這貓叫什么名字?
44. Where's the company? 那個公司在哪兒?
45. Which is the right size? 哪個尺碼是對的?
(四)About Belongings 關(guān)于所有物
46. What's this? 這是什么?
47. It's an air-conditioner. 這是空調(diào)。
48. Is this yours? 這是你的嗎?
49. Yes, it's mine. 是的,是我的。
50. Where are my glasses? 我的眼鏡在哪兒?
51. Do you know where I've put my glasses?
你知道我把眼鏡擱哪兒了嗎?
52. Over there. 在那邊。
53. On the desk. 在桌上。
54. Is this your pen? I found it under the desk.
這是你的筆嗎?我在桌下?lián)斓摹?br /> 55. No. Mine is blue. 不是。我的是藍的。
56. Which is your bag? 哪個是你的包?
57. The bigger one. 大些的那個。
58. The one on your right. 你右邊的那個。
59. Are these books all yours?
這些書全是你的嗎?
60. Some of them are mine. 一部分是我的。
(五)Identifying People 辨別身份
61. Who are you? 你是誰?
62. I'm Jim. 我是吉姆。
63. Who is the guy over there? 那邊那個人是誰?
64. He's Bob. 他是鮑勃。
65. Is that girl a student? 那個女孩是學生嗎?
66. No, she isn't. 不,她不是。
67. What do you do? 你是做什么的?
68. I'm a farmer. 我是個農(nóng)民。
69. What does he do? 他是干什么的?
70. He's a manager. 他是個經(jīng)理。
71. She must be a model, isn't?
她一定是個模特,不是嗎?
72. I really don't known. 我真不知道。
73. I have no idea about it. 我一點都不知道。
74. Can she be a driver? 她可能是個司機嗎?
75. Yes, I think so. 是的,我認為是。
(六)About Introduction 關(guān)于介紹
76. What's your name? 你叫什么名字?
77. May I have your name? 能告訴我你的名字嗎?
78. My name is Thomas. 我叫湯姆斯。
79. Just call me Tom. 就叫我湯姆吧。
80. What's your family name? 你姓什么?
81. My family name is Ayneswonth. 我姓安尼思華斯。
82. How do you spell it? 怎么拼?
83. Who is the lady in white?
穿白衣服的那位小姐是誰?
84. Could you introduce me to her?
你能把我介紹給她嗎?
85. Rose, let me introduce my friend to you.
羅斯,讓我介紹一下我的朋友。
86. This is Tom. He's my classmate.
這是湯姆。我的同學。
87. Nice to meet you. 很高興認識你。
88. Nice to meet you, too. 認識你我也很高興。
89. Let me introduce myself. 讓我自我介紹一下。
90. How do you do? 你好!
(七)Year, Month And Day 年、月、日
91. What day is it today? 今天星期幾?
92. It's Monday today. 今天是星期一。
93. What's the date today? 今天是幾號?
94. It's January the 15th, 1999. 今天是1999年1月15日。
95. What month is this? 現(xiàn)在是幾月?
96. It's December. 現(xiàn)在是十二月。
97. What year is this? 今年是哪一年?
98. It's the year of 1999. 今年是1999年。
99. What will you do during this weekend?
這周末你干什么?
100. Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays?
這家店平日是早上9點開門嗎?
101. It opens at 8 am on weekdays, but at 9 at weekends.平日上午8點開,但周末9點開。
102. What will you do the day after on next?
后天你干什么?
103. What did you do the week before last?
上上星期你干了什么?
104. I'll work for the next 5 days.
我要工作5天(從明天算起)
105. It's been 5 years since I last saw you.
我已5年沒見你了。
(八)Talking About Objects 談論事物
106. Do you have a computer? 你有計算機嗎?
107. Yes, I do. 是的,我有。
108. He has that book, doesn't he? 他有那本書,是嗎?
109. No, he doesn't. 不,他沒有。
110. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
你有兄弟或姐妹嗎?
111. No, I'm a single son. 沒有,我是獨生子。
112. Does your computer have a modem?
你的電腦有調(diào)制解調(diào)器嗎?
113. Do you have shampoo here? 這兒有香波賣嗎?
114. What a beautiful garden you have!
你的花園真漂亮。
115. Any tickets left? 有剩票嗎?



第三節(jié) 日常用語分類
Ask(問語)
Answer(答語)
Hello.What’s your name?
My name is Chen Jie./ I’m Chen Jie.
This is Sally.
How do you do, Sally.
How do you do?
How do you do?
How are you ?
I’m fine, thanks.And you?/ I’m OK.
Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you, too.
See you tomorrow.
See you.
Would you like something to drink?
Yes, I’d like some coffee.
May I come in ?
Come in, please.
Hello, may I speak to Tom?
Speaking.Who’s calling?
Help yourself to some fish.
Thank you.
Happy birthday, Dad.
Thank you.
Happy New Year!
Happy New Year!/The same to you!
Don’t read in the sun.
All right.Thank you .
Would you like to go shopping with me?
Yes, I’d love to./ I’d love to.But I’m busy now.
Shall we go fishing?
All right. / OK./ Good idea.
Thank you very much.
You’re welcome./ Not at all.
Can I help you?
Yes, please./ No, thanks.
May I have some coke?
Yes, of course./ Sure, here you are.
Could you help me?
Sure./ Yes, of course.
Why don’t you come to tea?
It’s a good idea.
Please say hello to your father for me.
I will, thank you.
Good luck.
Thank you.
I’m sorry.
That’s all right./ It doesn’t matter.
May I use your bike?
Yes, please.
Let’s go to school together.
OK./Great./Good idear.
How do you say that in English?
It’s a picture.
1.問候、打招呼及回應
Good morning!
Good morning!
Hello!
Hello!
2.介紹
I’m Mike.
This is Jack.
3.問某物是什么及回答
What is this /that/it ?
It is a duck.
What are these?
They are pictures.
4.問某人姓名及回答
What’s your name?
My name is Mike.
5.問物或人在哪兒及回答
Where is the pen?
It’s on the desk.
Where is he?
He is under the tree.
6.問年齡
How old are you ?
I’m ten.
How old is she?
She's five.
7.問數(shù)量及回答
How many desks are there?
There are six.
8.問顏色及回答
What colour is it ?
It’s green.
9.說有
Have you got a ruler?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Has she got a dress?
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
10.喜歡與不喜歡
I like milk.  
I don’t like coffee.
He likes singing.
He doesn’t like dancing.
Do you like cooking?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
What’s your favourite colour?
My favourite colour is yellow.
11.問時間及回答
What time is it?
It’s half past seven,
What day is (it) today ?
It’s Tuesday.
What is the date today?
It’s June 7th.
12.問某地有什么
What’s in the bag?
There is a book, two pens, and a ruler.
13.問乘坐的交通工具及回答
How do you go to school?
I go to school by bus.
How does she go to work?
She goes to work by bike.
14.問某人正在做什么及回答
What are you doing?
I am watching TV.
What are they doing?
They are playing games.
15.表示請求
Can I have some water?
Yes, of course.
16.問能力及回答
Can you run fast?
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Can he swim?
Yes, he can. / No, he can’t.
17.問某人要去哪里及回答
Where are you going?
I am going to go to school.
18.提供、請求幫助
Let me help you.

Can I help you ?
Yes, please. / No, thanks.
Can you help me?
Yes, of course.
19.問打算做某事及回答
What are you going to do?
I am going to ….
What is he/she going to do?
He is going to ….
20.問某時做什么
What do you often do on Sunday?
I often play basketball with my friends.
What does he usually do at the weekend?
He usually goes swimming.
21.問路
Excuse me. Where's the park, please?
Go straight on . Turn right .
22.感情
How do you feel?
I feel happy sad.
23.購物
How many pears do you want?
Two kilos.
How much rice do you want?
Ten kilos.
How much is it ?
It is two pounds.
24.詢問物主
Whose shirt is this?
Whose is this shirt?
It’s Liming’s.
25.文明、規(guī)范
You should look , then cross the road.


第四章 主要問句匯總
一、詢問姓名、年齡。
1.----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字?
----My name is ________. ----我叫……。
2. ----What’s his name? ----他叫什么名字?
----His name is ________. ----他叫……。
3. ----What’s her name? ----她叫什么名字?
----Her name is ________. ----她叫……。
4. ----How old are you? ----你幾歲了?
----I’m 12. ----我十二歲。
二、詢問顏色。
1. ----What colour is it? ----它是什么顏色的?
----It’s yellow and white. ----黃白相間。
2. ----What colour are they? ----它們是什么顏色的?
----They’re green.. ----綠色的。
三、詢問數(shù)量或價錢。
1. ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看見幾只風箏?
----I can see 12. ----我可以看見十二只風箏。
2. ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩筆?
----I have 16. ----我有十六支。
3. ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有幾口人?
----Three. ----三口人。
4. ---- How many horses are there? ----那有多少匹馬?
---- Twelve. ----十二匹。
5. ----How much is this dress? ----這條連衣裙多少錢?
----It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。
6. ----How much are these apples? ----這些蘋果多少錢?
----They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。
四、詢問時間或日期。
1. ----What time is it now? ----現(xiàn)在幾點鐘?
----It’s nine o’clock.. It’s time for English class. ----九點。該上英語課了。
(----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed.) (----八點。該上床睡覺了。)
2. ----What day is it today? ----今天星期幾?
----It’s Monday. ----星期一。
(----What do we have on Mondays? (----我們星期一上哪些課?
----We have Chinese, English, math …) ----語文、英語、數(shù)學……)
3. ---- What do you have for lunch on Mondays? ----星期一你中餐吃什么?
----We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. ----我們吃西紅柿,豆腐和魚。
4. ----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么時候?
----It’s October 1st, our National Day. ----十月一日,國慶節(jié)。
5. ----When is your father's birthday? ----你爸爸的生日是什么時候?
----It’s in May. ----在五月。
6.----When is your mother's birthday? ----你媽媽的生日是什么時候?
----It’s July 1st. ----七月一日。
7. ----When do you do morning exercises / get up…? ----你們什么時候做早鍛煉/起床…?
----I usually do morning exercises / get up… at 8:30 / 6:30….
----我們通常8:30/6:30…做早鍛煉/起床…。
8. ----What's the date? ----幾月幾日?
----June 9th. ----六月九日。
五、詢問方位或地方。
1. ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽車在哪兒?
----It’s here, under the chair. ----在這兒,在椅子下面。
2. ----Where is the canteen? ----餐廳在哪兒?
----It’s on the first floor. ----在一樓。
3. ----Where are the keys? ----鑰匙在哪兒?
----They’re in the door. ----在門上。
4. ----Excuse me. Where is the library, please? ----對不起,請問圖書館在哪兒?
----It’s near the post office. ----在郵局附近。
5. ----Where are you from? ----你從哪兒來?
----I’m from China. ----我從中國來。
6. ----Where does the rain/cloud… come from? ----雨/云…是從哪兒來的?
----It comes from the clouds/stream…. ----它是從云層里/由水蒸氣…來的。
7. ---- Where are you going this afternoon? ----下午你打算去哪?
----I'm going to the bookstore. ----我打算去書店。
8. ----Where did you go on your holiday? ----假期你去了哪?
----I went to Xinjiang. ----我去了新疆。
9. ---- Where does she work? ----她在哪工作?
---- She works in a hospital. ----她在醫(yī)院工作。
10. ----Where is the cinema, please? ----請問電影院在哪?
----It's next to the hospital. ----在醫(yī)院旁邊。
----How to go there? ----怎么去那里?
----Turn left at the cinema, then go straight. It's on the left.
----在電影那左轉(zhuǎn),然后直走。它在你的左邊。
11. ---- There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.
----那有兩個臥室,一個廚房,一個衛(wèi)生間和一個客廳。
----There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. ----那有一面鏡子,一張床和一個大衣柜。
----The closet is near the table. ----衣柜在桌子的附近。
----Many clothes are in the closet. ---- 很多的衣服在衣柜里。
----The trash bin is behind the door. ----垃圾桶在門后。
六、詢問想吃什么或?qū)W校食譜。
1. ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? ----你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃點什么?
----I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ----我想吃面包和牛奶/米飯和湯。
2. ----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?
----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----漢堡包和橙汁。
七、詢問天氣狀況。
1. ----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天氣如何?
----It’s rainy today. How about New York? ----今天是雨天。紐約呢?
----It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天,天氣很熱。
2. ----It's warm today. ----今天很暖和。
3. ----It's cool. ----今天很涼爽。
八、詢問身體狀況或情緒。
1. ----How do you feel? ----你感覺如何?
----I feel sick. ----我覺得不舒服。
2. ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了?
----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat.     ----我的喉嚨疼。
3. ----How are you, Sarah? You look so sad. ----你好嗎,莎拉?你看起來這么傷心。
----I failed the math test. ----我的數(shù)學考試沒有通過。
----I am sorry to hear that! ----很抱歉聽到這些。
九、詢問體重、身高
1. ---- How heavy are you? ----你多少重?
----I'm 48 kg. ----我48公斤。
---- I'm thinner than you, and shorter. ----我比你瘦和矮。
2. ---- How tall are you? ----你多高?
----I'm 164 cm tall. ----我164厘米高。
---- You're shorter than me. ----你比我矮。
(----You're 4 cm taller than me. ----你比我高四厘米。)
十、詢問職業(yè)、身份或人物。
1. ----What’s your father / mother? ----你的父親 / 母親是做什么的?
----He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher. ----他是一名醫(yī)生。/ 她是一名教師。
2. ----What does you mother / father do? ----你的母親 / 父親是做什么的?
----She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English.
----她是一名電視臺記者。/他是一名教師。他教英語。
3. ----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是誰?
----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. ----他是我父親。 / 她是我母親。
4. ----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那個男孩兒 / 女孩兒是誰?
----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister. ----他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。
5. ----Who’s your art teacher? ----你們的美術(shù)老師是誰?
----Miss Wang / Mr Wu. ----王老師 / 吳老師。
----What’s she/he like? ----她/他長什么樣兒?
----She's / He's young and thin. ----她/他很年輕、苗條。
十一、詢問興趣、喜好。
1. ----What’s your favourite food / drink? ----你最喜歡的食物 / 飲料是什么?
----Fish / orange juice. ----魚。 / 橙汁。
2.---- What's your favourite fruit? ----你最喜歡的水果是什么?
----I like apples. They're sweet. ----我喜歡蘋果。它們很甜。
(----I like fruit. But I don't like grapes. They're sour.
----我喜歡水果。但我不喜歡葡萄。它們很酸。)
3. ----What’s your favourite season? ----你最喜歡的季節(jié)是什么?
----Winter. ----冬天。
(----Which season do you like best? (----你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)?
----Winter.) ----冬天。)
----Why do you like winter? ----你為什么喜歡冬天?
----Because I can make a snowman. ----因為可以堆雪人。
4. ----What’s your hobby? ----你的愛好是什么?
----I like collecting stamps. ----我喜歡集郵。
----What’s his hobby? ----他的愛好是什么?
----He likes riding a bike. ----他喜歡騎自行車。
5. ----Do you like peaches? ----你喜歡吃桃子嗎?
----Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ----喜歡。/ 不喜歡。

第五章 常用詞性
第一節(jié) 名 詞
一、定義
名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西,也可以是表示抽象的東西。
二、分類
1. 名詞可以根據(jù)意義分為普通名詞和專有名詞
如:John is a student。 這里student是普通名詞,john是專有名詞
普通名詞前可以用不定冠詞a/an, 定冠詞the 或不加冠詞,專有名詞前一般不加冠詞,專有名詞的首字母要大寫。
2. 普通名詞又可以分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,其中個體名詞與集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名稱是不可數(shù)名詞。
3. 專有名詞
專有名詞是表示人名、地名、團體、機構(gòu)、組織等的專有名詞,多為獨一無二的事物。
三、名詞的數(shù)
1、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
可數(shù)名詞——可以數(shù)的名詞
不可數(shù)名詞——數(shù)不清(沒有復數(shù))
Drink:milk? tea? water? orange? juice? coke? coffee?
Food:rice? bread? meat? fish? fruit? cake? tofu
2、可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an)連用有數(shù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用,沒有復數(shù)形式
many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)
much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞
some, any , a lot of (lots of) 兩者都可以修飾。
3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾
不可數(shù)名詞:數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞
對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many
對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much
4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:
1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of? ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of? ,most of 等。如 :
There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
I'll tell you much good news.我要告訴你許多好消息。
2) 用單位詞表示。 用a ... of 表示。
如 a cup of ( 一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......)
  a piece of ( 一張......),a pair of shoes(一雙鞋)
如two cups of tea(兩杯茶),five pieces of paper(五張紙)
注意單位詞后的動詞單復數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復數(shù)形式;千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用,表示復數(shù)時,數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù),名詞變復數(shù)。如 :
Two hundred students(200名學生)
Ten thousand trees(10000棵樹)
5、可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復數(shù)。
名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身,在其前面加a或an。
1)單數(shù)
如:a desk(一張桌子)
  an old desk(一張舊書桌)
2)復數(shù):要表示一個以上概念時,要用名詞復數(shù)形式
規(guī)則變化
1)一般情況下加-s 
如book--books(書) desk--desks(書桌)
2)以s ,x ,ch , sh結(jié)尾加-es
如box--boxes(盒子) bus--buses(公共汽車)
注意①以 th 結(jié)尾加-s, month--months
②stomach--stomachs
3)以輔音字母+結(jié)尾,變y為i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市)? country--countries(國家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)
4)以f或fe結(jié)尾,復數(shù)變f或 fe 為v再加-es 。如:
knife-knives(刀) ,? half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)
注意①有少數(shù)詞后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋頂)
5)以o結(jié)尾
(1)輔音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-es. 如
tomato-tomatoes(西紅杮) potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-s
如piano-pianos (鋼琴) zoo-zoos(動物園) kilo-kilos(千克)
photo-photos (照片) kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)
注意zero 兩種方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)
不規(guī)則變化
1) 元音字母發(fā)變化。 如:
man--men(男人) woman--women(婦女) tooth--teeth(牙齒) foot--feet(腳) mouse--mice(老鼠) policeman--policemen(警察)
policewoman--policewomen(女警察)
2) 詞尾發(fā)生變化。如:
child--children(小孩)? ox--oxen(公牛)
3) 單、復數(shù)形式相同。如:
fish--fish(魚) sheep--sheep(綿羊) chinese--chinese(中國人) 等
注意 不說an english,要說an englishman.
①fish作魚肉講時不可數(shù),沒有復數(shù)。
②fishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。
4) 形似單數(shù),實為復數(shù)意義。如:
people(人,人們)these people (不說a people,可說a person)
police(公安,警察)ten police (不說a police,可說a policeman)
5) 由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞,變復數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復數(shù)。如 :
a man driver-men drivers(男司機) a woman doctor-women doctors (女醫(yī)生)
6) 合成名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時,通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)。如:
passer-by-passers-by(過路人) bus driver-bus drivers(汽車司機)
注意如果沒有主體名詞,就在最后一詞上加-s。如:
grown-up-grown-ups(成年人) letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作單數(shù),表示總體。若表示若干根頭發(fā)或若干種水果,則需用這兩個詞的復數(shù)形式。如 :
Would you like some more fruit?? 你要不要再吃點水果?
We bought a lot of fruit from the market.? 我們從市場上買了許多水果,
China has some good frits.? 中國有一些好的水果。(指種類)
His black hair is going white.? 他的黑發(fā)逐漸變成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain這類詞,有時也可以有復數(shù)形式,表示多次的風、雪或雨。
注意以boy 和girl開頭的復合名詞變成復數(shù)時,一般只把后一名詞變成復數(shù)。如:
boy student-boy students(男學生) girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)
7) 有些名詞只有作復數(shù)。如:
trousers(褲子) shorts(短褲) jeans(牛仔褲) sunglasses(太陽鏡)
名詞+man(woman)構(gòu)成的復合名詞,其復數(shù)形式通常與簡單名詞一樣,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。 如:
englishman--englishmen(英國人) frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法國婦女)
注意german不是復合詞,它的復數(shù)是germans。
四、名詞的所有格
有些名詞的可以加來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞的形式稱為該名詞的所有格。如:
Mary's father(瑪麗的父親) Jim's mother(吉姆的母親)
與所有格相對來看,不帶這種詞尾的形式就稱為普通格。
1.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法
1)單數(shù)名詞詞尾加's復數(shù)名詞詞尾如沒有s,也要加's。如:
Tom's knife(湯姆的小刀) Children's books(兒童書籍)
2)表示幾個人共有一樣東西,只需在最后一個人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,則需在各個名字后加。如
Jim and mike's room吉姆和麥克(共用)的房間
Jim's and mike's rooms吉姆和麥克(各自)的房間
3)若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾-s,只加"'"即可。如:
The students' reading-room(學生閱覽室)
Everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每個人每晚需要至少8小時的睡眠。(新目標英語九年級)
注意①所有格的讀音和名詞復數(shù)的讀音一樣。
②名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命東西(特別是人或高級動物)的名詞。如:
This is a woman's work. 這是女人干的工作。
This is a girls' school. 這是一所女子學校。
4)以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞,構(gòu)成所有格仍然加's,或只加',但讀音都是/iz/。如:
Mr jones's(mr jones')book(瓊斯先生的書)
(1)表示時間和距離的名詞。如:
Where is today's newspaper?? 今天的報紙在哪兒?
An hour's walk isn't far. 一小時的路程不遠。
(1) 有些無生命東西的名詞,如國家,城市季節(jié),太陽,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名詞也可用's,表示所有關(guān)系。如:
china's population(中國人口) the city's life(城市生活)
注意在表示店鋪或某人家時,為避免重復(因前面已提到),名詞所有格后面可省略它所修飾的名詞。
my uncle's(我叔叔家)? the doctor's(醫(yī)生的診所)
2.短語所有格
有生命的名詞,我們用's結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系,如果是無生命的,我們就要用"名詞+of+名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。
The window of the house(這間房子的窗戶)
注意當's所有格用來表示事物類別或?qū)傩詴r不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋應是men's,而不是shoes of men。
3.of +名詞所有格
of +名詞所有稱為雙重所有格,使用時要注意以下幾項。
1)表示部分時,前面的詞一定要有a ,an ,some ,any ,few ,two ,no ,several (幾個)之類有修飾語,不能是one和the 。 如:
可說:A book of my brother's 我兄弟的一本書
不說:Books of my brother's或 book of my brother's .
2)當帶有感情色彩時,可用the ,this ,that ,these ,those于名詞前。如 :
The pretty daughter of your sister's 你姐姐的漂亮的女兒
Did you read that book of lu xun's ? 你讀過魯迅的那本書嗎?
3)of 前面的名詞不能是專有名詞。如
不說:This is john of his uncle's.
4)of 后面的名詞必須是特定的。如 :
These books of my friend's are good 我朋友的這些書很好。
5)of 后面的名詞必須是指人的名詞。
比較不說it is a leaf of the tree's.
A picture of my father指的是爸爸本人的照片。
注意of 所有格和雙重所有格有時可以交替使用,意義無甚區(qū)別。如:
A friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's
測試點a car of betty's cars ,不可換為a car of betty.。jim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now.吉姆的父親的湯姆父親目前在同一辦公室。
常用口訣
表示民族的名詞順口溜
(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。
(2)“英、法”聯(lián)盟a變e。
(3)其他一律加s 即Chinese,Japanese單復數(shù)同形;Englishman,F(xiàn)renchman的復數(shù)為Englishmen,F(xiàn)renchmen;其他像German,American,Australian等的復數(shù)形式是在后面加“s”。
o結(jié)尾的名詞順口溜
1)有生命的以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時,詞尾加es,凡無生命的以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時,詞尾加s。
有生命:potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes 等。
無生命:zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos等。
2)兩人兩菜一火山。(+es)
小學—中學課本中以o結(jié)尾的名詞構(gòu)成復數(shù)時,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西紅杮),volcano(火山),這就是“兩人兩菜一火山”。
(或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西紅柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes)
2)其余以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時均加s。
圖景:你在“zoo”里,看見一要“bamboo”,上面掛著一張“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放著一臺“radio”。
zoo-zoos photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios等.
f、fe結(jié)尾的順口溜
(1)以f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時,有的把f(e)改為v(e)再加s,其他的以“f(e)”結(jié)尾的名詞則直接加“s”。
妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌;
躲在架后保己命,半片樹葉遮目光。 wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life(生命)leaf(樹葉),self(自己),half(一半),這9個名詞變復數(shù)時,都要改“f(e)”為“ve”再加“s”。
(2)以f結(jié)尾的名詞,一般把把f改為ves,但也有特殊情況是直接加-s的,如:
gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。
巧記不規(guī)則名詞單變復
man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth goose-geese; mouse-mice;

第二節(jié) 冠 詞
一、定義
冠詞是一種虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面(相當于名詞的帽子),幫助指明名詞的含義。
二、分類
共3類:定冠詞(the definite article),不定冠詞(the indefinite article)、零冠詞(zero article)。
三、用法
1、定冠詞的用法
a 、an與數(shù)詞one 同源,是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前,而an則用于元音音素前。
(1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用,表示一個。
I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天給了他一本書
I am reading an interesting story . 我在讀一則有趣的故事。
(2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。
A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對人類有用。
(3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學校。
(4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。
A boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個小孩來找你。
(5)在序數(shù)詞前表示"又一;再一"時。如:
I want to read the story a second time? 我想再讀一遍這篇小說 。
(6) 表示不特定的"某一個"時。如:
A mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生來電話找你 。
(7)在特定的短語里表示特定的含義,與不可數(shù)名詞連用,如:
Have a good time .過得高興
(8) 一日三餐前有修飾語時。如:
-Mom, what shall we have for lunch?
-Jiaozi.
-Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.
(9) 在形容詞最高級前表示"非常"時。如:
Lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.
(10)不定冠詞用于某些詞組中。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2.定冠詞的用法
定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that,these,those同源,有"那(這)個" "這(那)些"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。以下為必須加定冠詞的情形:
(1)在表示雙方都明白的人或物的名詞之前:
take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
(2)在上文提到過的人或事的名稱之前:
He bought a house. i've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
(3)在指世上獨一無二的事物的名詞之前:
 the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
(4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:
? The fox is cunning .狐貍是狡猾的。
(5)與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
(6)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.  你住在哪?我住在二層。
That's the very thing that ineed  那正是我需要的東西。
(7)在表示"...世紀...年代"的結(jié)構(gòu)之前
He began to learn russian in the 1950s. 他在20實際50年代開始學俄語 。
但注意:in one's 50s意為"在某人五十多歲時"。如:
He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.
(8)在比較級的兩種句型中: ①表示"越 ......,就越......"時。如:
The lighter, the better. 越輕越好 。
② 表示"兩者中比較......"時,用定冠詞。如:
There are two books on the table. i like the thicker one.
(9)用在"動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位名稱"的結(jié)構(gòu)中(注意:介詞常用in/on/by)。如:
The ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的頭 。
(10) 在表示"計量單位"的可數(shù)名詞前(注意:介詞用by)。如:
The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. 按月付給工人工資 .
(11)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前:the great wall(長城),the people's park(人民公園)等。
The people's republic of china  中華人民共和國
The united states  美國
(12)用在表示樂器的名詞之前:
She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴.
The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。
(13)定冠詞用在文藝活動,運動場所的名稱前。
They are going to the cinema tonight. 他們今晚要去影院看電影。?    ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
(14)用在姓氏的復數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:
The greens  格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)
(15)在方位名詞之前 ,如:in the west? on the west
(16)在某些短語中 in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
3、零冠詞(不用定冠詞)
(1) 在物質(zhì)名詞前,如:
Water is very important . 水是非常重要的 。
(2) 在抽象名詞前,如:
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。
(3) 復數(shù)名詞表示人或物的種類時,如:
Doctors cure patients. 醫(yī)生治病救人 .
Those people are teachers, not students. 這些人是老師,不是學生 .
(4) 在有關(guān)游戲的名詞前,如:
Do you like to play chess? 你喜歡下棋嗎 ?
(5) 在"by + 交通工具"的短語里,如:
Shall we walk or go by bus?? 我們乘車還是步行 ?
(6) 在國名,人名和地名前通常不用定冠詞,如 :
England,mary;
(7)在年份、季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;
We go to school from monday to friday.  我們從星期一到星期五都上課。
(8)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞;
The guards took the american to general lee.
士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。
(9)在三餐、球類運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 。如:
Have breakfast,play chess
(10) 在某些固定詞組中,是否有冠詞,意義不同。如:
In hospital住院,in the hospital在醫(yī)院里? ? in bed在臥床 ,in the bed在床上
In front of在......(外)前面,in the front of 在......(內(nèi))前部
Go to hospital  去醫(yī)院看病? go to the hospital  去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
口? 訣
泛指用a/ an,單數(shù)可數(shù);特指用the,不特不the。
釋:1)泛指用a/ an,單數(shù)可數(shù)——泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要用a/ an。2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么無論是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前均要用the。3)不特不the——不特指則不用the,包括泛指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前用a/ an,泛指的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前不用冠詞,泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前也不用冠詞三種情況。
定冠詞:特指雙熟悉,上文已提及,世上獨一無二,序數(shù)最高級,某些專有名,習語及樂器。
(1)the用在“特指”談話雙方都知道的某個人或某些人或物前。如:
There is the teacher?老師在哪里?
(2)the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如:
I can see a cat. the cat is lucy”s. 我能看見一只貓,那只貓是露茜的。
(3)the用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
(4)the用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前。如:
Mike is the tallest of the three boys. 邁克是三個男孩中最高的一個。
(5)the用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:
the great wall(長城) the people”s park(人民公園 )等。
(6)the用在一些習慣用語中或樂器名詞前。如:
in the day(在白天) play the piano(彈鋼琴)等。
不用冠詞:代詞限定名詞前,專有名詞不可數(shù),復數(shù)名詞表泛指,學科球類三餐飯,季節(jié)星期月份前,顏色語種和國名,稱呼習語及頭銜。
(1)名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定詞時,不用冠詞。如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。
(2)泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞。如:meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。
(3)復數(shù)名詞表示泛指時,不用冠詞。如:
The people in the room are doctors. 房間里的那些人是醫(yī)生。
(4)在表示學科的名詞前一般不用冠詞。如:chinese, english, maths, physics, history等。在三餐飯和球類運動名詞前一般不加冠詞。如:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball/ football等。
(5)在季節(jié)、節(jié)日、星期、月份前不用冠詞。如:autumn, summer, winter, spring, sunday, february等。
(6)在表顏色、語種和國家名詞前不用冠詞。如:white, brown, french, australia等。
(7)在表示稱呼語的名詞之前,以及職務、頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞。如:
Doctor green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科學家。
有水無湖、有球無星、有山無峰、有獨無歐(二)、有(足)族無球(運動)、有文無章、學而不專:
1)有水無湖:海、洋、海灣、河等,都用the;單個湖不用the,(但多個湖用the);
the red sea,the pacific ocean,the persian gulf, the yangtze river
the great lakes(五大湖);lake erie(伊利湖)
2)有球無星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the: mars,venus;
3)有山無峰:the huangshan mountains(黃山); mount(or mt.) tai(泰山).
4)有獨無歐(偶):獨一無二的,the earth,the moon,the sun用the;歐洲等七大洲不用the.
europe,africa,asia,north america,south america,antarctica,oceania
5)有(足)族無球(運動):種族用the:the indians(印第安人);球類運動baseball,basketball
6)有文無章:歷史性的文件用the;小說等的章節(jié)不用the.r如:
the constitution(憲法) ;chapter one
7)學而不專:學校放在詞組的前面時用the;專有名詞放在詞組的前面時不用the;
the university of FuDan; FuDan university
第三節(jié)? 介詞
一、定義
介詞preposition縮寫prep.,又叫前置詞,表示其后的名詞或代詞(或是相當于名詞的其他短語或從句)與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨在句中作成分。
二、介詞的用法
1、表示時間的(at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、 until、through、from、since、within)
(1)at:用于表示時刻,時間的某一點。
? ?at noon在午時? ? ? ? at night在夜間? ? at present目前
(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時,一律用on)? 如:
on sunday在星期天? on sunday morning 在星期天的上午?on march 8 在3月8日
(3)in:用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999? 在1999年? in november? 在11月份?
in summer?在夏季? ? ? in the afternoon在下午
過……后(未來時間)
I think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小時后就會回來。
I heard that she would be back in a month.我聽說她一個月后回來的。
(4)before:在……之前
Wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .今天早晨,魏華在7點之前起床了。
(5)after:在……之后
?Aafter that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull .? 從那時起,任何人不得捕殺海鷗。
(6)by:在……前(時間),截止(到)……
By the time i arrived ,she had already gone .在我到達之前,她已經(jīng)走了。
(7)for:達……之久(表示過了多少時間),可以和一般現(xiàn)在時,過去時,將來時連用,但是經(jīng)常和完成時連用。
Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest .
弗洛淪斯常常工作24小時而不休息。
(8)during:在……期間
During the lifetime of one man ,north america and europe? will more further apart by nearly two metres .
在一個人的一生期間,北美洲和歐洲由于漂移,其間的距離將要增加差不多兩米。
(9)through:一直……(從開始到結(jié)束)
He ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot? on april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington
領(lǐng)導美國度過了這些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美國華盛頓一家戲院里被人槍殺。
(10)from:從……起(時間)
The worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人們被迫從早7點工作到晚7點。
(11)since:自從……以來(表示從以前某時一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))
Since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.從那時起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。
(12)within:不……超過的范圍
He will arrive within an hour .他一小時內(nèi)就人到。
2、表示地點(at、in、on 、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、in front of、behind、in 、into、out of、along、across、,through、to、for、from)
(1)?at:在某地點(表示比較狹窄的場所).如:
at school上學 ? at home在家? at the station 在火車站?
(2)in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場所)
? She will arrive in shanghai at ten .10點她將到達上海。
(3)表示地點方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below
①on:在……上面,有接觸面. 如:on the table 在桌子上面
②above:在……上方
?Sometimes Amy could hear planes above the trees. 有時艾米能聽到樹林上空的飛機聲。
③over:在……正上方,是under的反義詞
?Over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在這些墳墓上,他們建起了金字塔。
④under:在……下面,在……之內(nèi)
The twin sisters put the basket under the tree .這姐倆把籃子放到了樹下。
⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方)
Three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .
3000米以下,除了茂密的叢林之外,她什么也看不見。
(4)near ,by
①near:近的,不遠的(=not far)是的反義詞,near還可以指時間,in the near future在不遠的將來。
Green’s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一個小湖。
②by:在……旁邊,比的距離要近
Amy walked by the side of the river for six more long days .
艾米沿著河岸又走了足足6天。
(5)between ,among ,around
①between:在兩者之間
The differences between american english and british english are not very great .
美國英語和英國英語之間的差別不是很大。
②among:在三者或者更多的之中
There are some american students among us .在我們中間有幾個美國學校。
③around:環(huán)繞,在…..的周圍,在……的四周
? They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .
他們到達了四周有高山環(huán)繞的山谷
(6)in front of ,behind
①in front of :在……的前面
? There is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一輛小汽車。
②behind :在…..后邊
Are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛嗎?
(7)in ,into ,out of
①in:在…..之內(nèi),用于表示靜止的位置
? There are four girls in the room.房間里有4個女孩。
②into:進入,用于表示有特定終點的運動方向,通常用于表示動作的動作之后。如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run..
? She took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我從門廳帶進我的教室里邊去。
(8)along ,across ,through
①along:沿著
? Go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing .
? 沿著中山路走然后在第二個十這路口向右拐。
②across:橫過(平面物體)
Very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world .
各個洲在地球表面緩緩漂移。
③through:貫通,通過
The students walked through the gate with uncle wang .
學生們隨著王叔叔通過大門。
(9)to ,for ,from
①到達……地點(目的地)或方向
? Where’s jack? he has gone to london.杰克上哪了?他去倫敦了。
②for:表示目的,為了……
Do you know what he comes here for ? 你知道他為什么來這兒嗎?
③from:從……地點起
? How far is it from london to new york?? 從倫敦到紐約有多遠?
3、表示手段和材料的介詞用
(1)with
①和……在一起
These plates keep moving ,like great ships ,carrying the continents with them .
這些板塊載著各個大陸,像航船一樣不斷地漂移。
②具有,帶有
A person with good manners is always kind and? polite.
有禮貌的人總是和和氣氣,彬彬有禮的。
③用某種工具或方法
He could swim with some special swimming shoes.
穿著一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。
(2)in:表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,鉛筆等)或用什么語言。表示衣著,聲調(diào)特點時,不用with而用in。
What’s this in english. 這個用英語怎么說?
(3)by:通過……方法,手段
What do you mean by the word“what”? “what”是什么意思
I prefer traveling by train .我更喜歡乘火車旅行。
4、其他
(1)of , from
①of? 屬于)……的,表示…..的數(shù)量或種類
? It was beginning of the term .這是學期開始的時候。
②from:來自(某地,某人),以….起始
? She is a lady from canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。
(2)without ,like ,as
①without :沒有,是with的反義詞
She often worked for twenty-four without rest .她通常工作24小時而不休息。
②like:像……一樣?
like many children of her age ,ding fang is a young pioneer .
像很多同齡的孩子一樣同,丁芳是個少先隊員。
③as:作為
They are carrying us as passengers.它們把我們當作乘客運載著。
(3)against:反對??恐?br /> Everyone tried to fight against the locusts .所有的人奮力撲打蝗蟲。
(4) about:
①?關(guān)于,各處,四周
Nightingale wrote a book about nursing .南丁格爾寫了一部關(guān)于護理方面的書。
②詢問某人,某物的情況或提出建議
what about your family ? 你家里人怎么樣? 
口訣
口訣1: 年月周前要用in,日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號要用on,上午下午又是in。要說某日上下午,用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏用at,黎明用它也不錯。 at也在時分前,說“差”用to,說“過”用part。
口訣2:? in在……里,? out在……外,在旁邊的是beside,靠近的為by 。 on在……上,under在……下, above在上頭, below在底下。
口訣3: this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介詞省略已習慣。 over、under正上下,above、below則不然,若與數(shù)量詞連用,混合使用亦無關(guān)。' beyond超出、無、不能,against靠著,對與反。besides,except分內(nèi)外,among之內(nèi)along沿。
口訣4: before、after表一點, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成時,ago過去極有限。 since以來during間,since時態(tài)多變換。 與之相比beside,除了last but one。
口訣5:
①早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上  in the day 在白天
②黎明、午、夜、點與分用at 例: at daybreak 在黎明時候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜間 at midnight 在午夜 at six o'clock 在6點鐘 at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7點半  at half past eleven 在11點半 at nine fifteen 在9點15分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點30分 at the weekend 在周末
③年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周用in?!±籭n 1986 在1986年 in April 在四月 in July l983 1983年7月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季  in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 這學期的第一周  in the third week 在第三周
④陽光、燈、影、衣、冒 雨用in,在陽光下,在燈下,在樹陰下,穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用in。
例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書?!hey are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. ? 他們在明亮的燈光下復習功課?!hey are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車站去接我。In the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽光下 The woman in white? 穿著白色衣服的婦女
⑤將來時態(tài)in...以后 例: they will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以后回來。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來。 We'll be back in no time. 我們一會兒就回來。 Come and see me in two days' time. 兩天后來看我。(從現(xiàn)在開始)
after... (從過去開始)
⑥小處at大處in
I'm in liaoning, at anshan. 我住在遼寧省鞍山市.
有形with無形by,語言 、單位、材料in
例:the workers are paving a road with stone. 工人們正用石子鋪路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.
這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。(有形)
"Taking tiger mountain by strategy" is a good opera.
是-出好戲。(無形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸餾分離出氣油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--無形)
I really can't express my idea in english freely in-deed.
我確實不能用英語流利地表達我的思想。 (表示某種語言用in)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.
公里是米制中最長的長度單位。 (表示度、量、衡單位的用in )
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 這個牌匾是銅鑄的,不是金鑄的。
⑦特征、方面與方式、心情成語慣用in
還有一些心理短語也用in,如: in jest 詼諧地,in joke 開玩笑地,in spite 惡意地, in fairness 公正地,in? revenge 報復, in mercy 寬大,in sorrow 傷心地等。
⑧介詞at、to表方向,攻擊、位置、善、惡、分"。
介詞at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向時,側(cè)重于攻擊的目標,往往表示惡意;用to表示方向時,突出運動的位置或動作的對象,側(cè)重表示善意。
She came at me. 她向我撲過來。 She came to me. 她向我走過來。
He shouted at the old man. 他大聲喝斥那老人。
He shouted to the old man. 他大聲向那老人說。
She talked at you just now. 她剛才還說你壞話呢。
She talked to you just now. 她剛才還同你談話呢。
She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一塊骨頭砸狗。
She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃。
第六章 常見介詞(連接詞)的用法
第一節(jié) 系動詞Be的用法
一、請記住以下口訣
我用am,你用are,is連著他,她,它; 單數(shù)名詞用is,復數(shù)名詞全用are。
變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。 變否定,更容易,be后not莫忘記。
疑問否定任你變,句首大寫莫遲疑。
二、Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化
1.a(chǎn)m 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(was not = wasn’t)
2.a(chǎn)re在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not = weren’t)
3.帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和am,is, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
三、Be動詞的用法
1、be +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進行時態(tài),例如:
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。
2、be + 過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài),例如:
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英語。
3、be + 動詞不定式,可表示下列內(nèi)容:
 A、表示最近、未來的計劃或安排,例如:
 He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去紐約。
We are to teach the freshpersons. 我們要教新生。
 說明: 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態(tài)表達法。
 B、表示命令,例如:
 You are to explain this. 對此你要做出解釋。
 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午來辦公室。
 C、征求意見,例如:
 How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答復他? Who is to go there? 誰該去那兒呢?
 D、表示相約、商定,例如:
 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合

第二節(jié) Do 的作用
動詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字:"做"實義,助動詞,替前文,強語氣。
作用一:實義,動詞do
do作實義動詞時,有do, does, did, done, doing五種形式,還有及物、不及物之分。如:
1、"做;研究;整理;完成"。如:
①The old man does an hour of sport every day. ②She did her homework at home last night.
③Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home. ④Have you done the exercises yet?
2、"行動;工作;進展;足夠"。如:
①Kate does very well in her Chinese. ②How do you do? ③Well done! ④That will do.
作用二:助動do
do作助動詞時,只有do, does, did三種形式,無詞義,限用于含行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中。如:
①They don't have any tickets for tonight's concert. ②Kate stayed at home last night, didn't she?
③How many books does the library have? ④She doesn't do the washing in the evening.
作用三:替代do
為避免動詞的重復,使語言簡練,常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行為動詞。如:
①Tom runs much faster than you do.
②-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please? -Sure. I'll do it right away.
②-Who broke the cup? -Mimi did. ③-I like bananas. -So does he.
作用四:語氣do
為突出感情色彩,do常用于祈使句、強調(diào)句和倒裝句中,以加強語氣。如:
①Do be careful. ②Don't tell a lie. ③He did come. ④-You often go to the park. -So we do.
第三節(jié) 介詞for的用法
1. 表示“當作、作為”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜歡把面包和牛奶作為早餐。
What will we have for supper? 我們晚餐吃什么?
2. 表示理由或原因,意為“因為、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English. 謝謝你幫我學習英語。
Thank you for your last letter. 謝謝你上次的來信。
Thank you for teaching us so well. 感謝你如此盡心地教我們。
3. 表示動作的對象或接受者,意為“給……”、“對…… (而言)”。如:
Let me pick it up for you. 讓我為你撿起來。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看電視太多有害于你的健康。
4. 表示時間、距離,意為“計、達”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小時。
We will stay there for two days. 我們將在那里逗留兩天。
5. 表示去向、目的,意為“向、往、取、買”等。如:
Let’s go for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我來這兒取書包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元買這本詞典。
6. 表示所屬關(guān)系或用途,意為“為、適于……的”。如:
It’s time for school. 到上學的時間了。
Here is a letter for you. 這兒有你的一封信。
7. 表示“支持、贊成”。如:
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對這個計劃?
8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:
Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰?
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老師。
第四節(jié) with的用法
with 是介詞,但其意義頗多,一時難掌握。為幫助大家理清頭緒,這里以教材中的句子為例,進行分類,并配以簡單的解釋
1. 帶著,牽著…… (表動作特征)。如:Run with the kite like this.
2. 附加、附帶著……(表事物特征)。如:
A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.
3. 和…… (某人)一起。
a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交談……) 。如:
Now I am in China with my parents. Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.
b. 跟go, come 連用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:Do you want to come with me?
4. 和play一起構(gòu)成短語動詞play
with 意為"玩?!媾? 如: Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.
5. 與help 一起構(gòu)成 help...with...句式,意為"幫助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:
On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.
6. 表示面部神情,有"含著……,帶著……" 如:
"I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.
7. 表示 "用……" 如:You play it with your feet. What do the farmers do with your machines?
8. 表示 "對……, 關(guān)于……"。如:What's wrong with it? There's something wrong with my computer.
第五節(jié) some與any的用法
(一)some 的用法
  some 一些,某些,某個??纱婷~和形容詞。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主語、賓語、定語。作定語時,它可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
  1. 用于肯定句
  ——Ask some boys to help you.(修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
  ——叫些男孩來幫助你。
  ——Please bring some coffee.(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)
  ——請拿些咖啡來。
  ——Ask some girl to come here.(修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
  ——叫(某)個女孩來這兒。
  2. some 用于疑問句時表示“請求、邀請或希望得到肯定的回答”。
  ——Would you like some coffee?(表示請求、邀請)
  ——請喝咖啡。
  ——Have you some stamps?(希望得到肯定的回答)
——你有郵票吧?
  (二)any 的用法
  any 一些,任何??纱婷~和形容詞。常用于否定句或疑問句,也可以用于條件狀語從句。作定語時,它可以修飾復數(shù)形式的可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
  1. 用于疑問句或否定句
  ——Are there any cows in the fields?(修飾復數(shù)形式的可數(shù)名詞)
  ——田里有一些牛嗎?
  ——There won't be any trouble.(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)
  ——沒有任何麻煩。
  2. 用于條件狀語從句
  ——If there is any trouble, let me know.
  ——如果有什么麻煩,要讓我知道。
  3. any 用于肯定句時,通常要重讀,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
  ——Any time you want me, just send for me.
  ——什么時候你需要我,隨時叫我來。
  ——Come any day you like.
  ——只要你喜歡,隨時可以來。
第六節(jié) How?many和How?much的區(qū)別和用法
大家都知道how?many和how?much是用來提問多少,的意思,那么how?many和how?much有什么區(qū)別嗎??
1、所修飾詞的不同?
how?many用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),它的句式是:How?many+復數(shù)名詞+ 一般疑問句+??
how?much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,表示數(shù)量,也可單獨使用。?
2、how?many的用法?
(1)對there?be句型中主語的數(shù)量如:some,?five,?only?one等提問時,如果主語是可數(shù)名詞,不管主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)一般都用復數(shù)形式提問,因為問話人不知道具體的數(shù)量是多少,而且many只能接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式,所以be一定要用are.即用How?many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+are?there+地點/時間狀語?的句型結(jié)構(gòu).例如:
a.There?is?a?book?on?the?desk.?(用how?many改為特殊疑問句)
??????How?many?books?are?there?on?the?desk?
b.There?are?seven?days?in?a?week.?(對劃線部分進行提問)
??????How?many?days?are?there?in?a?week??
(2)記憶口訣?
?how?many在句首,名詞復數(shù)跟著走,一般問句緊相隨,其它成分不要丟.?
?3、how?much?的用法?
(1)用來詢問事物的數(shù)量,后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如:?
   How?much?milk?is?there?in?the?glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶??
(2)用來詢問事物的重量。例如:?
----How?much?does?the?pig?weigh?這頭豬多重??
   ----Eighty?kilos.八十公斤。?
(3)how?much?意為“多少錢”時,可單獨使用,也可構(gòu)成詞組how?much?money,但英語中常省略money,用來詢問某物的價錢、價格。?
(注意:how?much詢問價格時,它的回答若是中國的貨幣單位應采用漢語拼音yuan,fen來表示,幾角常采用幾十分來表示,字母用小寫,且不用復數(shù)。例如:
-How?much?is?the?eraser?這塊橡皮擦多少錢?-Ninety?two?fen.九角二分。)?
?(4)用來詢問數(shù)字計算的結(jié)果,相當于what。例如:?
 ?。璈ow?much?is?three?plus?one?三加一等于多少?? -It ’s?four.等于四。?
第七節(jié) have 和 has的用法
have和has與主語搭配:
have:I?、We、You?、They、Amy and Tom????? has:?He?、She??、It?、The boy、Amy ??
可見,主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱都用have。
have / has的含義及用法:
1、作“有”講。如: I have a bag. 我有一個包。 He has a red cup. 他有一個紅杯子。
2、作“吃、喝”講。如:
have breakfast (吃早飯)? ?have tea ?(喝茶) have a drink (喝點水)
3、作“拿、取得、得到”講。如:Can I have a toy? (我可以要一個玩具嗎?)
注:somgthing,everything等用has,each of加名詞用has,復數(shù)主語開頭加each如they each仍舊用have.
第八節(jié) do和does的用法
do 這個詞(does是第三人稱單數(shù)形式),大體上從兩方面來講。
1.作為行為動詞,跟其他動詞一樣,如study, play等。他的意思是“做”等。如:
We usually do our homework in the afternoon.
He does his homework in the evening.
2.作為助動詞,也就是幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成否定和疑問等。
We don't like bananas. Do you like apples?
Does he like English? He doesn't like swimming.
上面有一句He does his homework in the evening.變成否定句是:
He doesn't do his homework in the evening.
這里加上了助動詞doesn't,而原來的主動詞does變成原形do了。
作為助動詞的do和does是沒有詞義的,它們在句中的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句和否定句.
Do用于主語第一人稱,第二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)形式的句中,does用于主語第三人稱單數(shù)的句中。
Do you want to be a teacher? 你想成為一個老師嗎?
I don’t like him. 我不喜歡他。
Where does Tom come from? 湯姆來自哪里?
I don’t know.我不知道。
He doesn’t live here. 他不住在這兒。
will/can/could/would/should/shall 等助動詞后面加be
其他時候, 第一人稱I后面用am,第二人稱, 復數(shù), 用are單數(shù)用is...
第七章 重要句型
第一節(jié) 一般疑問句
1. 概念
能用yes / no(或相當于yes / no)回答的問句叫一般疑問句。
2. 含系動詞be的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成
具體地說,就是當陳述句中有am /is / are時,可直接將它們提至主語前,但如遇第一人稱,最好將其置換成第二人稱。如:
I'm in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年級二班嗎?
3. 含情態(tài)動詞的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成
一般疑問句面前人人平等:情態(tài)動詞與am / is / are一樣,也可直接將它們提至主語前,所以問題迎刃而解了。如:
I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你會拼寫它嗎?
4. 含實義動詞的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成
含實義動詞的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成稍微有點講究,要在句首加do;如逢主語為第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時單數(shù)第三人稱形式"v-(e)s"時,奉does為座上賓并要變回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有時陳述句中的some還要變作any等。如:
She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京嗎?
I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜歡英語嗎?
There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?
5. 少數(shù)口語化的一般疑問句
如問一個與前文相同的問句時,可省略成"And you?"或"What / How about...?"等;甚至只抓關(guān)鍵詞,讀作升調(diào)。如:Your pen? 你的鋼筆?
6. 小插曲:一般疑問句的語調(diào)
大部分的一般疑問句都應讀作升調(diào)(↗),并落在最后一個單詞身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?
7. 一般疑問句的應答
用yes / no(或相當于yes / no的詞)回答,并怎么問怎么答(句首為情態(tài)動詞am / is / are還是do /does),簡略回答時要注意縮寫(否定的n't)和采用相應的人稱代詞以避免重復:即"Yes,主語(代詞)+情態(tài)動詞或am / is / are或do / does."表示肯定;"No,主語(代詞)+情態(tài)動詞或am / is / are或者do / does not(n't)."表示否定。如:
① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 瑪麗是日本女孩嗎?
  -Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。
② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉會說中國話嗎?
  -No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 不,她不會。/對不起,我不知道。
③ -Do you like English? 你喜歡英語嗎?
  -Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜歡。
第二節(jié) 特殊疑問句
1、定義
以特殊疑問詞開頭,對陳述句中的某一部分提出疑問 / 進行發(fā)問的句子叫特殊疑問句。
2、特殊疑問詞
一句話: wh-開頭外加能與之結(jié)伴同行的名詞; how及它的形容詞兄弟姐妹們,即如:
what(什么),why(為什么),who(誰), where(哪里), which(哪一個), what class(什么課), what time(什么時間), what number(什么號碼); how(怎么樣),how many(多少), how old(多大), how much(多少)等。
3、特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成特殊疑問句由"特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句"構(gòu)成:
How old are you? 你多大了? What's this in English? 這個用英語怎么講?
但特殊疑問句有時也要"特殊解":即如果問的是主語或主語的定語時,這時的特殊疑問句看起來成了"特殊疑問詞(+主語)+陳述句"。如:
Who's not here today? 今天誰沒來? Which pen is red? 哪枝鋼筆是紅色的?
4、特殊疑問句的語調(diào)
一般說來,特殊疑問句都要讀成降調(diào)(↘),并往往讓最后一個單詞承擔此重任。如:
What row are you in(↘)? 你在第幾排? Where is"E" (↘)? "E"在哪里?
5、特殊疑問句的答復
回答特殊疑問句,不能用"yes / no";但可用"到什么山上唱什么歌"來形容對特殊疑問句的應答- -即問什么答什么(尤其是簡略回答更明顯)。如:
-How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了? -She's only five. / Only five. (她)才5歲。
英語中的疑問句有一種是以what, who, where, how等開頭的疑問句,這類疑問句便叫做特殊疑問句,而這些表示疑問的詞叫疑問詞。為了掌握特殊疑問句,還是讓我們一起來勇闖三關(guān)吧!
第一關(guān): 疑問詞關(guān)
詢問的內(nèi)容不同,我們所使用的疑問詞便不同。問物用what,問(電話)號碼也用what,問人用who,問地點用where,問年齡用how old,問身體情況用how,問年級則用what grade,問為什么用why等。例如:
1. -What's that in English? -It's a book. 2. -How old are you? -I'm fourteen.
第二關(guān): 語序關(guān)
英語中疑問句一般應用倒裝語序,即將動詞be(can等)放在主語的前面。特殊疑問句的語序還應注意將特殊疑問詞放在句首。例如:
1. Where are you from? 你來自哪里/你從哪里來? 2. How is your father? 你的爸爸怎么樣兒?
如果疑問詞在句中作主語,則其后直接跟上動詞。例如: Who is Lin Ying? 誰是劉蕓?
第三關(guān): 回答關(guān)
對特殊疑問句進行回答往往不可用yes或no,而應根據(jù)它所詢問的內(nèi)容直接作出回答。例如:
-What class are you in? -I'm in Class Five.
回答時,問句中的名詞在答句中常用代詞代替,this和that指物常用it來代替,these和those指人或指物時常用 they來代替。例如:
1. -Where is Mr Wang from? -He is from Beijing. 2. -What are these? -They are boxes.
第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞的用法
一、情態(tài)動詞的定義:情態(tài)動詞有詞義,但它不能單獨作謂語,它必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化;它的后面必須跟動詞原形。
二、情態(tài)動詞的種類:
情態(tài)動詞
詞義
否定形式
詞義
can
能夠,會
can’t
不能,不會
could
能夠,會
couldn’t
不能,不會
may
可以


must
必須
mustn’t
不允許,不能
shall
將,要


should
應該
shouldn’t
不應該
need
需要
needn’t
不必
would
將會,愿
wouldn’t
不會,不愿
三、情態(tài)動詞的用法及主要句型:
1、Can I help you? ——Yes, please. / No, thanks.
2、Can + 主語 + 動詞原形? Yes, ~ can. No, ~ can’t.
3、Can I borrow your book?----Yes,of course.
4、Can I write on the book? ------No, you can’t\mustn’t.
5、Could \Can you help me?---- Yes,of course.\Certainly.\ Sure.
6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo?
7、May I come in ?----- Come in, please.
8、May I sit here?----- Yes, please.\Sorry, please don’t.
9、May I have some Coke?---- Yes, of course.
10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -----Speaking. Who’s calling?
11、should 、shouldn’t 表示勸告:
1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldn’t play computer game too much.
12、Should +主語 +動詞原形? Yes, ~ should.\ No, ~ shouldn’t.
13、表示建議“你愿意…嗎”
Would you like to go shopping with me? -----Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.
14、就餐用語Would you like something to eat\drink? ----Yes, I’d like…
15、shall用于第一人稱(I, we), 可以表示“將”和表示建議 “……好嗎?”
1) Where shall we have dinner? 2) Shall we go fishing? -----All right. \OK. \Good idea.
16、Must + 主語 + 動詞原形? ---Yes,~ must.\No, ~ needn’t.
第八章 五種語法匯總
第一節(jié) 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)
一、概念
表示正在發(fā)生的事情或動作,常和now,look,listen連用。如:We are listening to music now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在聽音樂。Listen! He is playing the piano. 聽!他正在彈鋼琴。
二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1.be + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞(即:動詞-ing形式),be + doing 是一個整體,不能分開。
2.be 隨著主語的變化而變化,doing的變化規(guī)則根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)律來定。
三、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律
1.一般情況下,在動詞原形后直接加-ing; 如:work→working do→doing  play→playing
2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing; 如:dance→dancing  come→coming
3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)的動詞中,要先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing;
如:get→getting  shop→shopping run→running  swim→swimming
4.以ie結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,將ie改成y再加ing。如:lie→lying die→dying
四、現(xiàn)在進行時的各種句式變化
1.否定句
方法:直接在be的后面加not。如: They are running. →They are not running.
2.一般疑問句
方法:直接把be放在主語的前面,其余位置不變。如:They are running. →Are they runnin?
3.特殊疑問句
方法:如果就劃線部分提問事情或動作時,用What…doing?
如:They are swimming in the sea now. →What are they doing in the sea now?
第二節(jié) 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)
一、概念
1.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。如:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom(很少), never(決不), every day, at 8:30, on Sunday,in the morning等。
如:I always get up at 6:00 in the morning.
2.表示現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
如:She loves English very much. My sister can play the piano very well.
3.表示客觀的事實。 如:The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。
4.格言或警句。 如:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1.如果句子主語的人稱是I, we, you, they或復數(shù)名詞時,動詞用動詞原形。
如:We often go home by bus.
2.如果句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù),即:he, she, it 或單數(shù)名詞時,動詞要用第三人稱的單數(shù)形式。
如:He often goes home by bus.
三、動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)構(gòu)成規(guī)則
1.一般情況下在動詞的后面直接加“s”;
如:work→works play→plays? rain→rains see→sees visit→visits
2.以o, x,s,sh, ch結(jié)尾的動詞,在后面加“es”;
如:do→does fix→fixes guess→guesses wash→washes teach→teaches
3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,先把 “y” 改為 “i”, 再加“es”;
如:fly→flies study→studies carry→carries
4.不規(guī)則變化。 如:have→has
四、注意
在一般現(xiàn)在時的句子中,如果前面使用了助動詞does, doesn’t, will, won’t, can, can’t, would, wouldn’t, must, mustn’t 等,盡管主語是第三人稱單數(shù),后面的動詞用動詞原形。
如:He doesn’t want to go shopping. He can sing the song.
五、一般現(xiàn)在時的一般疑問句
一般現(xiàn)在時的一般疑問句是把助動詞do, 或does 放在句首來引導。
1、如果句子的主語是I, we, you, they或復數(shù)名詞時,用do來引導,其余句子的位置不變??隙ɑ卮穑篩es, I/we/they do. 否定回答:No, I/we/they don’t.
如:They go to school by bus every day.
→Do they go to school by bus every day?
→Yes, they do.(肯定回答) →No, they don’t.(否定回答)
2、如果句子的主語是he, she, it 或單數(shù)名詞時,用does 來引導,其余句子的位置不變,但是要把原來句子中的動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式,改為動詞原形??隙ɑ卮穑篩es, he/she/it does. 否定回答: No, he/she/it doesn’t.
如:He often goes to school by bike. →Does he often go to school by bike?
→Yes, he does. (肯定回答) →No, he doesn’t. (否定回答)
六、一般現(xiàn)在時的否定句
1.如果句子的主語是I, we, you, they或復數(shù)名詞時,則在主語的后面加don’t。
如: We always go to school on foot. →We don’t always go to school on foot.
2.如果句子的主語是he, she, it或單數(shù)名詞時,則在主語的后面加doesn’t 。但是要把原來句子中的動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式,改為動詞原形。
如:He often goes to school by bike. →He doesn’t often go to school by bike.
第三節(jié) 一般將來時態(tài)
一、概念
一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時由助動詞shall(第一人稱),will(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形構(gòu)成。美國英語則不管什么人稱,一律用will。
二、一般將來時的形式
●will 常簡略為 'll,并與主語連寫在一起,如:I'll,he'll,it'll,we'll,you'll,they'll。
●一般疑問句如用Will you…?其簡略答語須是Yes,I will或 No,I will not;如用 Shall you…?(較少見)其簡略答語須是 Yes,I shall.或 No, I shall not.。
三、一般將來時的用法
1)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)
一般將來時常與一些表示將來的時間狀語連用,如:tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(從現(xiàn)在開始);in the future(將來)等。
2)表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。
一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),其表達形式除了“shall(第一人稱),will(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形構(gòu)成”外,還有以下幾種形式。
1)“to be going to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進行的事。例如:
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 ②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我們開會。
2)go, come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等可用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作,例如: I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。
3)“be to+動詞原形”表示按計劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如:
①Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續(xù)干嗎?
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個男孩明天要去上學。
4)“be about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作,意為:很快,馬上。后面一般不跟時間狀語。例如: We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。
5)某些詞,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay 等的一般現(xiàn)在時也可表示將來。
①The meeting starts at five o'clock.會議五點開始。 ②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車
四、一般將來時特點?
1)shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。
Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2)be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3)be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4)be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意:be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
五、一般將來時常見用法
1、表示將要發(fā)生的動作。例如:I shall go to see a friend this evening.
2、shall用于第一人稱作主語的問句里,表示征求對方的意見或詢問情況。例如:Shall I open the door?
3、will用于第二人稱的問句里,征求對方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請或命令。例如:Will you please read the word?
4、be going to打算、準備做某事或即將發(fā)生的事。例如:We are going to plant trees.這種時態(tài)由be的將來時形式+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。如主語為第一人稱,除在疑問句外will要比shall更常用.可用做一般進行時;也可表示不含意圖又未發(fā)生的動作。
5、be to do按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事或征求對方意見。例如:When is the swimming pool to open?
6、be going在go,come,leave,stay等按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事中。這些動詞經(jīng)常具有趨向性。例如:They are leaving here tomorrow.
第四節(jié) 一般過去時態(tài)
一、概念
表示在的過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛才),just now(剛才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。
二、動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律
(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式
1、一般情況下,在動詞原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→played;
2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;
3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個輔音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stopped plan→planned;
(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式(后附不規(guī)則動詞變化表)
1、改變動詞中的元音;
begin→began  drink→drank come→came  eat→ate grow→grew  run→ran  know→knew win→won  speak→spoke take→took  write→wrote  get→got 
2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式變化
(一)一般過去時的一般疑問句
1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不變。由Was…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定答為:Yes,… was. 否定回答為:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定回答為:Yes,… were. 否定回答為:No,… weren’t. 如:
(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行為動詞的句子中,要用助動詞詞did來引導,其余的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形。肯定回答為:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
(二)一般過去時的否定句
1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
2、在表示過去的時間發(fā)生的動作的句子中,要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即:didn’t + 動詞原形。如:
(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句
1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情,注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。)
We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1、在表示某個時間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子,系動詞用過式was,were構(gòu)成。如:
(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。
2、在表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作,用動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如:
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。
3.各種句式
(1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句:
主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般過去時的否定句:
a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般過去時的一般疑問句:
a.Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句:
a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?
Where did your parents live five years ago?
What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
第五節(jié) 小學英語不規(guī)則動詞變化表

1. am/is –was 動詞“是”
2. are—were 動詞“是”
3. become—became 變?yōu)椋兂?br /> 4. begin—began 開始
5. buy—bought 買
6. bring—brought 拿來,帶來
7. beat—beat 敲打,攪拌
8. blow—blew 吹,吹動
9. break—broke 打破,打碎,折斷
10. build—built 建筑,建造
11. can—could 能,會,允許,可以
12. come—came 到,到來,來臨
13. catch—caught 捕捉,抓住
14. cut—cut 切,割
15. cost—cost 花費
16. choose—chose 選擇
17. do/does—did 干,做
18. drink—drank 喝
19. drive—drove 駕駛,駕馭,驅(qū)趕
20. draw—drew 畫
21. dig—dug 挖,掘,刨
22. eat—ate 吃
23. fly—flew/flied 放(風箏)
24. forget—forgot 忘記,遺忘
25. fall—fell 落下,掉下,跌倒
26. feel—felt 觸摸,感覺,覺得
27. find—found 尋找,發(fā)現(xiàn),找到
28. give—gave 給,給予
29. go—went 去,離去,離開
30. get—got 開始,收到
31. grow—grew 生長,成長
32. have/has—had 擁有,取得,拿
33. hurt—hurt 使受傷,使痛疼
34. hit—hit 打,撞擊,碰撞
35. hang—hung 懸掛,吊
36. hear—heard 聽,聽見,收到
37. hold—held 抓住,握住,拿住
38. know—knew 知道,了解
39. lose—lost 丟失,遺失
40. lend—lent 借給,貸給
41. learn—learnt/learned 學習,得知
42. let—let 放開,允許
43. leave—left 離開,離別,離去
44. lie—lay 躺,臥
45. make—made 制作,制造,整理
46. meet—met 遇見,看見,引見
47. may—might 可以,允許
48. mean—menat 意思是,決定做
49. put—put 放,安置
50. ride—rode 乘,騎,坐
51. rise—rose 升起,出現(xiàn)
52. read—read 閱讀,朗讀
53. run—ran 跑,奔跑
54. ring—rang 給…打電話,畫圖
55. shall—should 命令,允許
56. swim—swam 游泳,游
57. sing—sang 唱,唱歌
58. sit—sat 坐,就坐
59. send—sent 送,寄,遞
60. spend—spent 花費(錢,時間)
61. sweep—swept 打掃,清理
62. smell—smelt 聞,嗅
63. sleep—slept 睡覺,睡
64. speak—spoke 說,說話,講話
65. sell—sold 賣,出售
66. see—saw 看,看見,望
67. say—said 說,說話
68. stand—stood 站立,站起
69. steal—stole 偷,盜取
70. think—thought 思考,考慮
71. teach—taught 教,教導,教授
72. take—took 得到,拿走,抓住
73. throw—threw 扔,投,擲
74. write—wrote 寫,書寫,寫字
75. win—won 獲勝,贏得
76. wake—woke 醒,使活躍
77. will—would 將要,可以,會
78. wear—wore 穿著,佩戴


第六節(jié) 形容詞副詞的比較級與最高級
一、形容詞和副詞的形式
形容詞和副詞有三種形式:原級、比較級、最高級。原級就是形容詞和副詞的原形,如long;比較級就是在原形之后加上er,如longer;最高級就是在原形之后加上est,如longest。
二、形容詞和副詞比較級最高級的用法
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級用法:當兩者人或者事物進行比較時,形容詞和副詞要用比較級,也就是—er形式,比較級常常用than來連接被比較的兩個人或事物。如:Li Lei is taller than Wang Jun.。
2.形容詞和副詞的最高級用法:當三者或三者以上的人或事物進行比較時,形容詞和副詞要用最高級,也就是—est 形式,最高級之后常常用of ,in 等短語來限定比較的范圍。如:Li Lei is the tallest of all /in our class。注意最高級之前一定要用the ,但副詞之前可以省略。如:Li Lei runs (the ) fastest of the three。
三、形容詞副詞的比較級最高級形式的變化規(guī)則
1.大多數(shù)形容詞副詞之后直接加-er –est ,如:short—shorter—shortest slow—slower—slowest quick—quicker –quickest
2.以e 結(jié)尾的形容詞和副詞加—r –st ,如:nice—nicer –nicest late—later—latest
3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞副詞變y為i再加--er ,--est,如:early—earlier—earliest
4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的形容詞副詞雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加er,est,如:big—bigger—biggest (注:常用的有五個big fat hot thin red,可以這樣記:大胖子熱瘦子是紅色的)
5.規(guī)則的形容詞副詞的比較級最高級:many/much—more—most good/well—better—best bad/badly—worse—worst little—less—least far—farther—farthest
6.多音節(jié)的形容詞副詞的比較級最高級加—more,--most,如:
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
四、形容詞副詞比較級最高級的特殊用法
1.比較級之前用the 特指兩個中的更……的一個,如:The older boy of the two boys is my brother .
2. the 加比較級……,the 加比較級……表示“越……就越……”,如:The better the environment will be,the more trees we plant every year.
3. 比較級加and 加比較級表示“越來越”,如:He walks faster and faster.
第七節(jié) 幾種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成匯總
一、名詞復數(shù)的變化規(guī)律
1、規(guī)則變化
1) 一般情況直接在詞尾加-s . 如:chair—chairs;apple—apples;grape—grapes;desk—desks等。
2)以s、sh、ch、x等結(jié)尾的詞加–es .如:bus—buses;watch—watches;box—boxes;brush—brushes等。
3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,變y 為i 再加es,baby—babies;city—cities;family—families等。
4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的將f或fe直接換成ves. 如:knife—knives;thief—thieves;shelf—shelves等。
2、不規(guī)則變化
1)沒有規(guī)律的變化。如:child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth;mouse—mice;woman—women等。
2)單復同形。如:deer—deer;sheep—sheep;fish—fish;yuan—yuan;tofu—tofu;pork—pork等。
3)以o結(jié)尾的名詞有的加es有的加s. 如:potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes;Hero—heroes等。
二、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則
1)直接在動詞后+s. 如:like—likes;play—plays;read—reads;get—gets;help—helps;ski—skis等。
2)以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的動詞:+es. 如:wash—washes;wacth—watches;teach—teaches;brush—brushes等。
3)以輔音+o接尾的動詞:+es. 如:go—goes;do—does等。
4)以輔音+y接尾的動詞:變y為i+es. 如:fly—flies;study —studies;carry—carries;sky—skies等。
末尾字母y前為元音字母的,直接在動詞后面加-s. 如:play—plays;say—says等。
5)特殊變化。如:be—is;have—has等。這些沒有規(guī)律,需要加強記憶。
三、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成
1)一般情況在動詞原形后加-ing . 如:go—going;stand—standing;climb—climbing等。
2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,去掉e,再加-ing. 如:write—writing;hope—hoping;care—caring等。
3)以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞應先將e去掉,將i變成y然后再加-ing. 如:die—dying,tie—tying等。
4)如果動詞最后一音節(jié)為重讀閉音節(jié),最后一個字母需要重復. 如:run—running; stop—stopping;hop—hopping;plan—planning;star—starring;get—getting等. 但輔音x是個例外,無需重復(x其實起著兩個輔音的作用)。如:tax—taxing,relax—relaxing等。
5)以-ee,-oe,-ye結(jié)尾的動詞加-ing時應保留詞尾e. 如:see—seeing;hoe—hoeing;eye—eyeing等。
6)以-ue結(jié)尾的動詞大多應先去e再加-ing. 如:sue—suing;imbue—imbuing;rue—ruing等。
7)以-ic結(jié)尾的動詞應先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing. 如:frolic—frolicking;panic—panicking;mimic—mimicking;picnic—picnicking;traffic—trafficking等。
四、人稱代詞的變化形式

主格
賓格
形容詞性物主代詞
名詞性物主代詞
反身代詞
第一
人稱
單數(shù)
I我
me我
my我的
mine我的
myself我自己
復數(shù)
we我們
us我們
our我們的
ours我們的
ourselves我們自己
第二
人稱
單數(shù)
you你
you你
your你的
yours你的
yourself你自己
復數(shù)
you你們
you你們
your你們的
yours你們的
yourselves你們自己





數(shù)
he他
him他
his他的
his他的
himself他自己
she她
her她
her她的
hers她的
herself她自己
it它
it它
its它的
its它的
itself它自己

數(shù)
they(他/
她/它)們
them(他/
她/它)們
their
(他/她/它)們的
theirs
(他/她/它)們的
themselves
他們自己

五、動詞的過去式變化
1、規(guī)則變化
1)一般情況下,在動詞詞尾直接加-ed. 如:work—worked;piay—played;want—wanted;act—acted等。
2)以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾動詞,在動詞詞尾加-d. 如:live—lived;move—moved;decide—decided等。
3)以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞,把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed. 如:study—studied;try—tried;cry--cried 等。
4)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 –ed, 如:stop—stopped;beg—begged; fret—fretted;drag—dragged;drop—dropped;plan—planned;dot—dotted;drip—dripped 等。
2、不規(guī)則變化的動詞有很多,規(guī)律性不強,需要加強記憶。
第九章 方位的表達方式
第一節(jié) 交通工具及 “規(guī)則”
  一、介詞規(guī)則
  (一)by條款:騎車、乘(駕)車、乘船、乘飛機可以使用介詞by。
  1、by 后跟"光棍"名詞,即名詞不加任何修飾。如:by bike/bus/car/train/ship/boat/plane。
   如:She is going to the Great Wall (長城) by car/ bus.
  2、by ship 可用by sea表示;by plane 可以用by air 表示。如:
  a. How long does it take by ship/sea? b. They often come back by plane/air.
 ?。ǘ﹊n/on條款:步行、騎車、乘車、乘船、乘飛機可以使用介詞 in/on。
  1.步行只可用on foot。(注意:步行不用by foot) 如:Sometimes I go to school on foot.
  2. 騎自行車須用介詞 on :on a/ one's bike。
  3. 乘車、乘船、乘飛機可用in也可用on: in/ on a bus/train/ship/boat/plane。
  4. 乘坐小汽車應使用 in a car,不用 on a car。
  條款說明(一)
  1. "by +名詞"短語,多可以用in/on 短語替換來表示"騎、乘"之意。如:
  a. His father goes to work by bike.  →His father goes to work on a bike.
  b. They go to the railway station (火車站) by car.  →They go to the railway station in a car.
  2. by sea,by air 是一種比較隨便的口語結(jié)構(gòu),故不宜用in 短語和on短語進行改寫。即:
  by sea 不可用in/on the sea 替換;by air不可用 in/on the air 替換。
  二、動詞規(guī)則
  以上出行活動皆可以選擇性地用動詞walk, ride, take, drive 來表示。
  1. 步行用walk (to)。如:She walks home every day.
  2. 騎車用ride a bike。如:Can you ride a bike to go there?
  3. 乘車用 take a bus/train。如:I will take a bus/train to go to Beijing.
  4. 乘飛機用 fly (to ) 或 take a plane。如:We are flying to England next week.
  5. 乘(駕)小汽車用 drive a car。如:They will drive a car to go to the USA.
  條款說明(二)
  動詞規(guī)則不能與介詞規(guī)則相結(jié)合使用,尤其是動詞walk, fly 。如:
  She walks home on foot every day. (×)
  a. She goes home on foot every day. (√)
  b. She walks home every day. (√)
  He will soon fly to London by plane/air. (×)
  a. He will soon fly to London. (√)
  b. He will soon go to London by plane/air. (√)
第二節(jié) 英語中方位的表達方式
一、in, to, on和off在方位名詞前的區(qū)別
1. in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi)。如:Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外,即二者之間有距離間隔。如:Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰。如:North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“離……一些距離或離……不遠的海上”。如:New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
二、 漢語里“東南西北”的先后順序到英語里就變成了north,south,east,west;并由此有了下列中、英文表達上的差異。
東南方:southeast 西南方:southwest 西北方:northwest 東北方:northeast
如:十三陵位于北京西北50公里處。The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing. 天津位于北京東南120公里處。Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.
三、 near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”時的區(qū)別
1. near表示相對的近,實際距離可能還很遠。如: Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,實際距離不可能很遠,但beside比by更具體地表示出“在……旁邊”的意思。如:He was sitting beside her.
3. at也有“在旁邊”的意思,但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置,而by和beside僅表示位置關(guān)系。如:The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
四、at, in和on表示地點時的區(qū)別
1、at表示地點:
(1)用于指較小的地方。如: I shall wait for you at the station.
(2)用于門牌號碼前。如: He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2、in表示地點:
(1)用于指較大的地方。如: He lives in Shanghai.
(2)雖然是很小的地方,如果說話人住在那里,也可用in。商店、學校、機關(guān)等,若看作一個地點(point)用at,若看作一個場所(place)用in。如:
I met him at the post-office. I’m now working in the post-office.
3、on表示地點,一般指與面或線接觸,意為“在……上;在……旁”。如:
The picture was hanging on the wall. New York is on the Hudson River.
五、above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之間的區(qū)別
1、 above指“……上方”,表示相對高度,不一定在正上方,其反義詞為below。如:We’re flying above the clouds.
2、over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反義詞為under。 如: The bridge is over the river.
3、on表示“在……上面”,與物體表面接觸,與beneath相對。
如:There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4、up表示動作的方向往上,反義詞為down。 如: Please hang the picture up.
第十章 句型轉(zhuǎn)換方法歸納
第一節(jié) 改為一般疑問句
1、先找be動詞 am, is, are, was, were或情態(tài)動詞can, may ,must, would,should ,could .如果有這些詞,直接把這些詞放在句子最前面, some 改成any,句號改成問號!其余照抄;(如果主語是第一人稱則變成第二人稱)
2、如果句子中沒有be動詞或者是情態(tài)動詞,要在句子最前面加助動詞 do 、does或者是did。
首先判斷句子時態(tài),如果句子是過去式,則要在句最前面加Did,后面動詞用原型,some改成any,句號改成問號,其余照抄;(如果主語是第一人稱則變成第二人稱)
如果句子不是過去式,則判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù),如果第三人稱單數(shù),要在句子最前面前加助動詞Does,后面動詞用原型,some 改成any,句號改成問號,其余部分照抄。(如果主語是第一人稱則變成第二人稱)
其他情況均要在句子最前面加助動詞do,some改成any,句號改成問號,其它部分照抄. (如果主語是第一人稱則變成第二人稱)
第二節(jié) 改為否定句
1、先找be動詞 am, is, are, was, were或情態(tài)動詞can, may ,must, would,should ,could .如果有這些詞,直接在這些詞的后面加not, some 改成any,其余照抄;
2、如果句子中沒有be動詞或者是情態(tài)動詞,要在動詞前面加don’t 、doesn’t或者是didn’t。
首先判斷句子時態(tài),如果句子是過去式,則要在動詞前面加didn’t,后面動詞用原型,some改成any,其余照抄;
如果句子不是過去式,則判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù),如果第三人稱單數(shù),要在動詞前面前加doesn’t,后面動詞用原型,some 改成any,其余部分照抄。
其他情況均要在句子動詞前面加don’t,some改成any,其它部分照抄.
第三節(jié) 對劃線部分提問
第一步:先把句子改成一般問句
第二步:把提問部分省略,在句子最前面加疑問詞。(如果提問部分是動詞詞組,要把它改成do;如果提問部分是動名詞詞組,要把它改成doing)
(注:如劃線部分為主語,則用who代替,其余照抄;如劃線部分為動詞或動詞短語,則用do代替,句前加what,再改為一般疑問句。
第四節(jié) 肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句與特殊疑問句
1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom..
2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:
I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
☆注意小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。如:
Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
☆注意小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上:①把動詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可。②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子。此類句子應該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”來回答。如:
What is this? It’s a computer. Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
What does he do? He’s a doctor. Which season do you like best? Summer.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如:
how many(多少(數(shù)量)) how much(多少(錢)) how tall(多高)
how long(多長) how big(多大) how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結(jié):how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,
How many + 名詞復數(shù) + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞復數(shù) + can you see? 你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞復數(shù) + are there…? 有多少……?
第五節(jié) 其它需要注意點
一、學生易錯詞匯
1.?? a, an的選擇:元音字母開頭的單詞(名詞)用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞(名詞)用a.
2.???am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3.???have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has , 復數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .
4.? there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復數(shù)用there are.
5.???some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6.???疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候) which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二、完全、縮略形式: I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is they’re=they are you’re=you are there’s=there is they’re=they are can’t=can not don’t=do not doesn’t=does not isn’t=is not aren’t=are not let’s=let us won’t=will not I’ll=I will wasn’t=was not
?總結(jié):通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let’s=let us), 're即are? ,n't即not?(但can’t=can not)

第十一章 小學英語諺語集錦
1. 眼見為實.Seeing is believing.
2. 人生短暫,學藝無窮。Art is long, life is short.
3. 三思而后行. Look before you leap.
4. 有其父,必有其子。Like father,like son.
5. 再晚也不算遲。Better late than never.
6. 條條大路通羅馬。All roads lead to Rome.
7. 并非閃光的都是金子。All that glitters is not gold.
8. 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。As you sow,so shall you reap.
9. 物以類聚。Birds of a feather flock together.
10. 不勞無獲。No pain,no gain.
11. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗,When in Rome,do as the Romans do.
12. 那恰是我所喜歡的。It's my cup of tea.
13. 一日一蘋果,醫(yī)生遠離我。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
14. 患難見真情。A friend in meed is a friend indeed.
15. 少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。A young idler; an old beggar.
16. 熟能生巧。Practice makes perfect.
17. 一分耕耘,一分收獲。No sweet without sweat.
18. 時間就是金錢。Time is money.
19. 欲速則不達。Haste makes waste.
20. 說起來容易做起來難。Easier said than done.
21. 人各有所好。Every man has his taste.
22. 物極必反。Extremes meet.
23. 活到老學到老。Live and learn.
24. 事出必有因。Nothing comes of nothing.
25. 隔墻有耳。Walls have ears.
26. 失敗是成功之母。Failure is the mother of success.
27. 江山易改,本性難移。A leopard can not change his spots.
28. 好心有好報。Good mind,good find.
29. 得饒人處且饒人。Forgive others whenever you can.
30. 愛烏及烏。Love me ,love my dog.
31. 行動比語言有力。Actions speak louder than words.
32. 年華不虛度,生命自悠長。Life is long ,if it is full.
33. 既來之。則安之。Take things as they come.
34. 歲月不待人。Time and tide wait for no man.
35. 美德勝于美貌Virtue is fairer than beauty.
36. 活到老,學到老.Never too old to learn.
37. 禮尚往來.Give and take.
38. 知足者常樂.Content is happiness.
39. 言出必行 So said ,so done.
40. 光陰似箭.Time flies.
41. 忍耐是美德.Patience is virtue.
42. 天下無不散之筵席.The best of friends must part.
43. 經(jīng)一事,長一智.It is easy to wise after the event.
44. 少說少錯.Least said soonest mended.
45. 少壯不努力,老大圖傷悲.The young idler,an old beggar.
46. 誠實為上策.Honesty is the best policy.
47. 切莫半途而廢.Never do things by halves.
48. 積少成多.Many a little makes a mickle.
49. 人人為我,我為人人。All for me,one for all.
50. 思考就是明白。To think is to see.
51. 時間就是生命。Time is life.
52. 個人力量,微不足道。One man,no man.
53. 學習時學習,娛樂時娛樂Study while you study, play while you play。
54. 沒有學識就是盲人。Without learning, without eyes.
55. 不能人人都第一。All men cannot be first.
56. 一切皆有可能!Nothing is impossible!
57. 讓我們自己做。Let’s do it by ourselves.
58. 記?。好鎺⑿Αemember: Keep smile on your face.
59. 好書如摯友。A good book is a good friend.
60. 良好的開端是成功的一半。A good beginning is half done.
61. 覆水難收Don’t cry over spilt milk.
62. 不要泄露秘密Don’t put the cat out of the bag.
63. 愛屋及烏Love me, love my dog.
64. 不要本末倒置Don’t put the cart before the horse.
65. 三個和尚沒水吃Everybody’s business is nobody’s business
66. 英雄所見略同Great minds think alike.
67. 好事多磨難Good things never come easy.
68. 勝者為王,敗者為寇。Losers are always in the wrong.
69. 隔墻有耳Walls have ears.
70. 人無知如房無基A man without knowledge is like a house without a foundation.
71. 今日事,今日畢Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
72. 風暴使樹木深深扎根Storms make trees take deeper roots
73. 淺溪聲喧, 靜水流深Sallow streams make most din; still waters run deep
74. 困難像彈簧,你弱它就強Problems loom large when men don’t
75. 知識就是力量Knowledge is power
76. 臉紅是美德的顏色Blushing is virtue’s color
77. 好奇甚至比勇敢更能戰(zhàn)勝恐懼Curiosity will conquer fear even more than bravery will
78. 苦盡甘來No sweet without sweat
79. 觀察是最好的老師Observation is the best teacher
80. 離遠而情疏Far from eye, far from heart
81. 好書勝益友There is no friend so faithful as a good book.
82. 天網(wǎng)恢恢, 疏而不漏Justice has long arms.
83. 樣樣皆通,樣樣稀疏Jack of all trades, master of none
84. 過去的就讓它過去吧Let bygones be bygones
85. 眾口難調(diào)It’s hard to please all
86. 吃一塹, 長一智Wisdom comes by suffering
87. 千里之行始于足下The greatest things must have the smallest beginning.
88. 誠實是最好的品德Honesty is the best policy
89. 病時才知健康好In sickness health is known
90. 機不可失 失不再來Opportunity seldom knocks twice
91. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子Nothing ventured, nothing gained
92. 樹大招風Tall trees catch much wind
93. 人多心不齊Several men, several minds
94. 師傅引進門,修行在個人You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink
95. 物莫如新,友莫如故Everything is good when new, but friends when old
96. 江山易改,本性難移The fox changes his kill but not his habits
97. 杯滿盈,須持穩(wěn)A full cup must be carried steadily
98. 懶惰是萬惡之源Idleness is the root of all evil.
99. 流水不腐,戶樞不蠹Drawn wells are seldom dry.

第十二章 寫作
第一節(jié) 分類寫作指導
人物類作文一 我自己 Myself
要涉及的話題或句型:
一、姓名 My name is Wang Xiaoming. /I’m Wang Xiaoming. /This is Wang Xiaoming.注意名字有兩個字時,要連在一起,只大寫第一個字 如王小明 Wang Xiaoming
二、年齡 I’m twelve/I’m twelve years old.
三、喜歡的食物水果與運動/功課等等
My favourite fruit/food is …..I like playing badminton.Because it’s good for my body.
四 經(jīng)常在何時做運動或愛好
I often play badminton with my classmates after school.
五 家人
There are three people in my family:my father,mother and I.
六 家人職業(yè)及愛好(簡略)
My father is an engineer.He likes reading books. He often asks me to go to the library with him.
七 結(jié)束語
I love my father.And I love my family.This is me.
人物類作文二 我的朋友 My friend
與Myself的區(qū)別: 主語由I 變He/She.動詞由動詞原形變?yōu)閯釉~第三人稱單數(shù)形式.代詞由my 變his/her
要涉及的話題或句型:開頭句 I have a friend
一、姓名 His name is Wang Xiaoming. /He’s Wang Xiaoming. /注意名字有兩個字時,要連在一起,只大寫第一個字 如王小明 Wang Xiaoming
二、年齡 He’s twelve/He’s twelve years old.
三、喜歡的食物水果與運動/功課等等
His favourite fruit/food is ….. He likes playing badminton. Because it’s good for his body.
四、經(jīng)常在何時做運動或愛好 He often plays badminton with me after school.
五、家人 There are three people in his family:his father,mother and he.
六、家人職業(yè)及愛好(簡略) His father is an engineer.He likes reading books.
七、結(jié)束語 I like my friend.
作文三 我的一天 My day
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時
重要句型:主語+動詞原形+其它.
I get up at 6:00.Then I wash my face and brush my teeth.I eat breakfast at 7:00.Then I go to school.I have seven classes every day.Classes begin at 8:00.School is over at 4:30.After school,I often play table tennis with my friends.I eat dinner at 7:00.Then I listen to music.I do my homework at 8:00.I go to bed at 9:30.This is my day.
作文四 某人的一天Tom’s day
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時
重要句型:主語(第三人稱單詞形式)+動詞第三人稱單詞形式+其它.
注意與My day的區(qū)別
一、主語由I 變?yōu)?He. 二、形容詞性物主代詞由my 變?yōu)閔is
三、動詞由原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)形式,簡單記憶方法就是動詞后加s或es
Tom gets up at 6:00.Then he washes his face and brushes his teeth.He eats breakfast at 7:00.Then he goes to school.He has seven classes every day.Classes begin at 8:00.School is over at 4:30.After school, he often plays table tennis with his friends.He eats dinner at 7:00.Then he listens to music.He does his homework at 8:00.He goes to bed at 9:30.This is Tom’s day.
作文五 空間類 我的臥室 My bedroom
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時
重要句型 :There be…..+介詞詞組(on,next to,behind,over,under等) It’s…. The…is on the…
注意主要物品是作為參照使用的。所以,我們一般先說bed,desk,table之類的主要物品。然后再說其它物品與其的位置關(guān)系。
I have my own room.It’s small but nice.There is a bed,a desk,a closet and a shelf.There are two end tables near the bed.The computer is on the desk.The books are on the shelf.The trash bin is behind the door.I like my bedroom.
作文六 空間類 我的屋子
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時
重要句型:主語+動詞原形+介詞詞組 There be…..+介詞詞組。 It’s….
注意不同的房間功能是不一樣的。所以我們可以說經(jīng)常在哪個房間做哪些事情。
I live in a small house.It’s a small green house.In the house we have a dining room,two bedrooms,a living room and a kitchen.We watch TV in the living room.We have meals in the dining room.We sleep in the bedroom.We wash faces and have baths in the bathroom.
作文七 空間類 我的村莊/家鄉(xiāng) My village/hometown
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時
重要句型:主語+be+表語. There be…..
假設(shè)小鳥飛過時從天空上看到的主要情景,如果在農(nóng)村的話,可以看到是山川河流,藍天白云。然后才是一些具體的情景。假如在城市的話,可能看到高樓大廈公路交通甚至工廠等。
I live in a small village.It’s beautiful.The air is fresh.The water is clean.The counds are white.There are many trees and flowers.There are many fish in the rivers.I often go fishing with my parents on weekends.I like my village/hometown.
作文八 動物類 一只小狗
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時
主要句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be+形容詞 It’s got…. 由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,因此,大部分句子構(gòu)成是 “主語+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式”
I have a pet dog.It’s cute and naughty.It’s my best friend.It’s got a black nose and a long tail.It’s got orange hair and big eyes.It likes playing with balls.I often take it out for a walk.I like it very much!
作文九 信件類
給筆友的信
1、注意郵件格式
2、自我介紹作文加信件格式.
時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時 主語+動詞原形
(注意,當寫家人如父親時,使用 主語+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
重要句型:主語+be+表語 I like doing sth. He likes doing sth.
例文
To: Alice @ penpal.com
From: Liu Yun @ penpal.com
Dear Alice,
I am happy to have a new pen pal. I live in China with my mom and dad.I don’t have a sister or brother.My mom is a singer.She likes swimming.My dad is a TV reporter.He likes listening to music.I like playing the violin and writing emails.
Your new friend,Liu Yu.
作文十 信件類
找路與邀請某人參加生日晚會
Dear Amy,
Please come to my twelfth birthday party at 6 pm on Saturday.Now let me tell you how to come:
1. Start from the bus stop in front of our school.
2. Take the No.17 bus.
3. Get off at the post office.
4. Walk east for three minutes.
5. Find the white building on the left.
6. Look for me near the door.
Yours, Sarah
作文十一 時態(tài)類 上周未是如何渡過的?
時態(tài):一般過去時.
模板:I had a busy/happy/good time last weekend.On Saturday morning,I ……..Then,I …….In the afternoon,I ……On Sunday morning,I …..In the afternoon,I …..After that,I ……..
重要句型:主語+動詞過去式+其它。 例文如下:
I had a good time last weekend.On Saturday morning,I got up early and then I played badminton with my mom.In the afternoon,I went swimming with my classmate.In the evening,I watched TV with my family.On Sunday morning,I went to the library.I read an interesting book.Then,I went shopping with my friend.I bought a new CD.In the evening,I did my homework.
作文十二 時態(tài)類 下周末打算怎么渡過
時態(tài):一般將來時
重要句型:主語+be+going to do sth. 主語+be+going to 地點.
模板:I am going to have a busy/happy weekend.On Saturday morning,I’m going to….Then,…..In the evening,I….On Sunday morning,I…..In the afternoon,….In the evening……. 例文如下:
Hi,this is Liu Yun.I’m going to have a busy weekend!On Saturday,I’m going to the bookstore by subway.I’m going to buy a new CD and some story-books.Then,I’m going to go home and read the new books.On Sunday,I’m going to the supermarket with my mother.We’re going after lunch.Then,in the evening,I’m going to visit my aunt.We are going to watch TV together.That will be fun!

第二節(jié) 命題作文
My New English Teacher
Miss Tang is my new English teacher. She’s very pretty. She is tall and thin. She has two big eyes and a small mouth. Her hair is long. She likes singing and dancing. Her English is very good. We often play games in English classes. She is very kind to us. We all love her.
My Days of the Week
I’m a student and I am in Grade 5. I get up at six o’clock every day. I have classes from Monday to Friday. On Saturday,I often play ping-pong and watch TV. On Sunday, I do my homework and read books. I like weekends very much.
My Favourite Food
Today is Wednesday. We have potatoes, pork, and green beans for dinner. Potatoes are my mother,s food. But I don,t like potatoes. I like pork. It is tasty. And I like green beans, too. It is good for me. After dinner, we eat some apples. Apples are my favourite fruit. They are healthy!
My Friend
I have a new friend. Her name is Amy. She is 12. She is beautiful. She has a round face and big eyes. She has long hair. She is tall and thin. She likes singing and dancing. Her English is very good. We are good friend!
About Me
My name is Chen jie. I am 12 years old. My favourite day is Monday. We have P.E.and computer class and we have potatoer for lunch. Potatoes are my favourite food. My favourite fruit is apple. It is good for me. Monday is a great day! My favourite teacher is Mr Li. He is our English teacher. He is tall and thin. He is very active.we all like him!
I Can Help Do Housework
I am a girl. My name is Li Ling. I’m 11. I’m helpful at home. I can water the flowers, empty the trash and sweep the floor. After meals, I can help my mother do the dishes. On Sunday, I can wash the clothes. What about you? Are you helpful, too?
My New Room
I have my own room now. It is small and nice. There is a bed, a desk, a big closet and a shelf. There are two end tables near the bed. The computer is on the desk. The books are on the shelf. The trash bin is behind the door. The clothes are in the closet. I love my new room very much!
My Village
My village is very beautiful. There are many houses in the village. Near the village, there is a forest. A small river is in front of the village. The water in it is very clean. We can see some fish in the river. Near the river, you can see a mountain. Some flowers and grass are on the mountain. I like my village. Welcome to my village!
How Do You Go To School?
My home is far from the school. I usually go to school by bus,because it’s fast. Sometimes I go to school on foot,it’s good for me. What about you? How do you go to school ? Can you tell me, please?
My Weekend
Hi! I’m Amy. I’m going to have a busy weekend. On Saturday, I’m going to the bookstore by bike. I’m going to buy some books. In the afternoon, I’m going to play football with my friends. On Sunday morning, I’m going to do my homework. Then I’m going to clean my bedroom in the afternoon. In the evening, I’m going to watch TV . What about you ? What are you going to do on the weekend ?
My Travel Plan
The weather is good, I will have a good trip with my family. First, we are going to Beijing park by train. Then, we are going to see the Great Wall by bus. Finally,we are take the train back to Shiyan to climb Wudang Mountains. I believe,my journey will be very happy!
My Pen Pal (My New Friend)
I have a pen pal (new friend). Her name is Amy. She is 12. She is beautiful. She has a round face and big eyes. She has long hair. Amy lives in Beijing now. She goes to school on foot. She likes music very much. She often plays the violin on the weekend. Amy studies very hard. She is a good student.
My Family’s Hobby
There are 5 people in my family. I like flying kites. My father likes diving. My mother likes playing the violin. My brother likes riding a bike. My sister likes listening to music. I have a happy family.
My Family
I have a happy family. There are 3 people in my family. My father, my mother and I. My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital. He goes to work by bus. He likes diving and playing football.
My mother is a teacher. She works in a school. She goes to work on foot. She likes listening to music and playing the violin.
I’m a student. I’m 12. I go to school on foot. I like swimming and diving. I often play football with my friends on the weekend.
I have a happy family . My parents love me very much. I love them,too.
About My Family(給筆友Amy的信)
Dear Amy,
My name is Sarah. I’m 13. I’m tall and thin. I like swimming.My father is 40. He is tall and strong. He likes reading books.He is an engineer. He works in a car company.He goes to work by car.My mother is 39. She is short and thin. She likes cooking.She is a salesperson. She works in a bookstore. She goes to work on foot.
Yours,
Sarah
My School
My school is very beautiful. It is in Guicheng, near the Qiandeng Lake. Do you know it? It is Nanhai Experimental Primary School. I like my school very much.
There is a big playground in my school. We have P.E. class on the playground and we often play sports on it , too. Our teaching building has five floors. My classroom is on the fifth floor. It is big and clean. The computer rooms are on the third floor. There is a library on the second floor. There are many books in the library. I often read books here. There are some music rooms and art rooms in the teaching building, too.
The teachers in my school are very kind . The students are very polite and smart. I am happy in my school.
About Me
My name is Sarah. I’m a student. I’m 13. usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. I like playing football. My favourite teacher is Mr Li, he is our English teacher. I want to be an engineer in the future!
Next Week
It's going to be Spring Festival next week.
Next Monday I am going to my cousin's house. He lives in a village. I am going by ship. Next Tuesday I am going to have a picnic. Next Wednesday I am going to go shopping in Nanhai Plaza and to have K.F.C. Next Thursday I am going to Jihuayuan to fly kites. In the evening I??am going to clean my room. Next Friday I am going to visit my uncle's family and my grandpa. Next Saturday I am going to play football at school. Next Sunday I am going to hot spring in Kaiping.
I am going to be very happy.
My Good Friend?
My name is ×××.I have a good friend . Her name is Liu Yun. She lives in China . Her mather is a singer. She likes swimming. Her father is a TV reporter. He likes listening to mnsic. Liu Yun likes piaying??the violin and riding her bike. Every morning , she goes to school on foot. Every evening, she reads newspaper ai home. then she goes to bed at nine. This is my good friend Liu Yun。
My Favourite Teacher
Hello,my name is Steven. I have many good teachers, but my favourite teacher is Miss Li. SWhe is a very good teacher.
She is very young, but her English is very good. She teaches us???English every day. Her class has so much? fun.She sings songs with us, plays games with us. We are so happy . And we learn English? well. Our English are very very good.So I like her very much.
She likes reading books? and playing sports. After class, Miss Li? often plays? sports with us. We are very happy. We all? love her very much.
This is my favourite teacher.She is a good teacher .I like my English teacher very much. What about you?Do you have a good teacher, too?
Happy Family
Everyone has a family. I have a family, too. I name it “Happy family”, because everyone in my family is happy.
Come and meet my family, please! My mother is kind. I love her, and she loves me, too. My mother is pretty. She likes beautiful clothes. I call her“Dressy Mum”. My father is a boss. He is tall and thin. He has a small head. I give him a nickname“Small Head Father”. I am fat and lovely. I have a big head. I give myself a nickname“Big Head Girl”. I study hard. I am a good student.
We are happy every day!??

My Classroom
My?classroom?is?nice?and?big.There?are?forty??desks?and?chairs?in?the?classroom.There?are?two?black?boards?on?the?walls.?And?there?are?two?pictures,?too.My?classroom?has?eleven?lights?and?twelve?fans.?Whatcolour?are?the?fans?They?are?blue.?At?the?coner,?there?is?ashelf,many? books?are?in?the?shelf.?I?like?the?books?very?much.This?is?my?classroom,it?is?verynice.I?like?my?classroom?very?much.?Do?you?have?a?nice?classroom, too ?
I Love Spring Best
Winter was gone,spring comes.I love spring best,because it's very beautiful.In spring,the weather is aways sunny and rainy,it's not cold and not hot,it's warmer and warmer.The flowers begin to open and the trees begin to turn green.The birds are singing in the sky,they are happy.The animals will go out to play.Many people like to go out and enjoy the sunshine.I like wearing my sweater and jeans, I like to fly kites,plant trees and see the beautiful flowers. Spring is colorful,I think it's a wonderful season. What's your favourite season?Please tell me.
Spring Outing
Many students are going spring outing.Some students are boating.And some students are having a picnic. The others are playing games. There is a girl siting on a chair reading a book.The sky is blue. The trees are green. The flowers are red.It's a very beautiful park. They have a good time!
What is family ?
Everybody has his own family. What is family??? I don’t think everyone really knows. There are six letters in the word “ FAMILY ”. I think?? “ F ” means “father”, “A” means “and”, “ M ” means “mother” , “ I ” means“ I”, “ L” means “ love” and??“ Y ” means “you”. So “ FAMILY ” is the short form of “ Father and mother , I love you.”? Don’t you think so ? Father and mother love us , and we love father and mother . That’s a happy family.
My Lovely Father
I have a busy father . He works in a big office . He has a big company.
He is busy every day . He has many thing to do . He has no time to go home for lunch . He gets home at 7:00 p.m . At home he does the housework. He cooks nice dishes for mother and me .
On weekends , he often goes to the park with me .Sometimes he goes to swim with me ,too. I like to stay with my father .He is a good father , he is also a happy business man .

第三節(jié) 話題作文
1、根據(jù)給出的材料,寫一寫Mike這個周末的活動計劃。
Saturday
Sunday
read a magazine
go to the zoo
buy a book
learn Kungfu
watch TV
Mike is a student. He is my good friend. He is busy at the weekend. He is going to read a magazine this Saturday morning. He is going to go to the zoo this Saturday afternoon. He is going to buy a book this Sunday morning. He is going to learn Kungfu this Sunday afternoon. He is going to watch TV this Sunday evening.
2、根據(jù)下面提供的內(nèi)容,寫一篇英語短文。要求語句通順,條理清楚,字數(shù)不少于50個單詞。
Mary 是個英國女孩,五年級學生,十二歲。她向別人自我介紹,并介紹她的家庭。她有個雙胞胎姐姐,爸爸是醫(yī)生,媽媽是老師,她非常愛他們,他們也很愛她。
My name is Mary. I come from England. I am an English girl. I am a student. I am in Grade Five. I like my English teacher. Her English is good. There are four people in my family. I have a twin sister. My father is a doctor. My mother is a teacher. I love them very much. They love me, too.
3、題目: My net friend(我的網(wǎng)友)
要求:(一)條理清楚,意思連貫,語句通順,標點正確,書寫清晰、規(guī)范;
(二)要將提示詞全部體現(xiàn)在作文中;不得少于50個單詞。
提示詞:(1)computer (2)net friend (3) talk with each other(互相交談)(4) in the chat room (在聊天室) (5)talk in English (用英語交談) (6)good now
My net friend
I am Tony. I have a computer. I have a new friend. His name is Jack. He is 12 years old. He is a student. He likes surfing the net. We often talk with each other in the chat room. We talk in English. My English is good now. He is a good boy. I like him very much. Do you want to have a net friend?
4、根據(jù)給出的提示和要求,寫一篇65個單詞左右的短文。要求:寫一封介紹你一家的電子郵件給Jay。
Hello, Jay,
I am very happy to be your net friend. There are four people in my family. They are my parents, my sister and I. My father is the oldest and the tallest. He can drive a car. He is a doctor. My mother is a factory worker. She works hard. My sister is a student. She is the best in her class. My hobby is playing basketball. My sister and I go to school on foot. I have a happy family. What about you?
Bye- bye,
Benson
5、根據(jù)提示,從表格中獲取信息寫一篇不少于60個單詞的小作文,要求提示的內(nèi)容要全部體現(xiàn)在作文中。
Name
Zhang Ping
Jim
Age 年齡
12
15
Height 身高
150cm
162cm
Weight 體重
50kg
60kg
Nationality 國籍
Chinese
Canadian
Address 地址
Xinhui
Guangzhou
Favorite Color 最喜歡的顏色
red
blue
Favorite Sport最喜歡的運動
badminton
swimming
My Friends
I have two good friends. They’re Zhang Ping and Jim. Zhang Ping is 12. Jim is three years older than her. He’s 15. Jim is heavier than Zhang Ping. He’s 60 kilograms. Jim is taller than her. He’s 162cm. Zhang Ping is a Chinese girl. She lives in Xinhui. Jim is a Canadian boy. He lives in Guangzhou now. Zhang Ping likes red. Her favorite sport is badminton. Jim likes blue. His favorite sport is swimming. I like them very much.
6、描寫你的周末生活,注意用一般現(xiàn)在時。
My Weekend
I have happy weekend.
On Saturday morning I always have English classes at school. I study hard in the classroom. In the afternoon I often play computer games. On Sunday morning I often draw pictures. Sometimes I visit my grandmother and grandfather. Sometimes I listen to music. On Sunday afternoon I often do housework or go shopping.
So I love weekends.
7、Jack 昨天跟他媽媽買東西,請根據(jù)下表的信息,寫一篇不少于60個單詞的小作文。
Happy Shop:Some pieces of candy ¥4 A roll of toilet paper ¥5
Mr. Chen’s Store:A carton of ice cream¥15
Uncle Eddy’s Store:A bottle of shampoo¥45 A pair of socks¥8
Big Blue Department Store:A bag of chips ¥9 Toy car ¥105
Yesterday was Jack’s shopping day. He went shopping with his mother.
They went to the Happy Shop. They bought some pieces of candy. They are 4 Yuan. They bought a roll of toilet paper. They bought a carton of ice cream at Mr. Chen’s Store .They bought a bottle of shampoo and a pair of socks at Uncle Eddy’s Store. They went to the Big Blue Department Store. They bought a toy car. It’s 105 Yuan. They were very happy.
8、昨天是3月20日,也是你的生日,請描寫你的生日派對,注意用一般過去時。
My birthday
Yesterday was March 20th. It was my birthday. I had a party. I ate too much. Mike brought a carton of ice cream. Jenny brought some candy. Mary brought a lot of cookies. My mom made a cake. My dad bought a toy car for me. I was very happy. At the party we sang and danced. We had a good time.
9、根據(jù)下面提供的信息,寫一篇60字左右的作文。
Name:Bill Age: 13 Favorite sports: tennis, soccer, basketball
Clothes: black, T-shirt, blue pants Phone number: 5352375
My Friend
I have a good friend. We are in the same class. His name is Bill. He is 13. He likes sports very much. These sports are tennis, soccer and basketball. He plays tennis twice a week. He plays soccer twice a week. He plays basketball once a week. He often likes to wear black T-shirt and blue pants. His phone number is 5352375. Everyone likes him.
10、寫一個你最喜愛的人,請對他/她進行一定的外貌描寫。
My Favorite People
Who is your favorite person? My favorite person is my mother. She is beautiful. She is 38 years old. She is tall and thin. She has big eyes and long hair. She likes cooking. She cooks good meals for us every day. And she always does all the housework. She looks after my father and me. I love my mother very much.
11、請描寫一下你的房間,注意要使用“there be ”句型。
My Bedroom
I have a nice and small bedroom. There is a beautiful bed and two small chairs. I also have a big and tall closet because I have many clothes. There is a big desk next to the window. I always do my homework at the desk. There is a family photo on the wall. We took this photo this summer holiday. I like my bedroom.
12、描寫一種你最喜愛的動物,要對它進行外形描寫。
My Favorite Animal
My favorite animal is rabbit. Its name is Sweet. Sweet has long ears. It’s very small. It’s white. It has a short tail. It has red eyes. It likes eating carrots. It likes jumping. It goes jumping three times a day. I like it very much. It’s lovely. It’s my best friend. I like the rabbit.
13、同學們,你一定有很多的愛好,請你寫一個你的愛好,字數(shù)不少于60個單詞。
My hobby
My hobby is collecting stamps(集郵). There are many stamps in my room. I like stamps very much. There are many things on the stamps. They are colorful and beautiful. After school I usually go to the post office and there are many people there. I learn a lot from collecting stamps. I like collecting stamps very much.
14、寒假很快就要到了,請你為你的寒假寫一個計劃??禳c把你的計劃寫出來吧!
My Winter Holiday
It’s January. My winter holiday is coming. I am going to go to Thailand. I will go there by plane. I like the food in Thailand. It’s spicy and tasty. In the winter holiday, I am going to play basketball. I am going to paint pictures, too. I will help my mother do some housework. I will be very happy in my winter holiday.
15、假設(shè)Jack 是10歲,短發(fā),1.5m, 50kg; 而May 是12歲,長發(fā),1.6m,45kg。請運用學過的句型介紹和比較一下他們的特征。
Jack and May
I have two good friends. They are Jack and May. He is ten. He has short hair. He is 50kg now. And May is a beautiful girl. She has long hair. She is two years older than Jack. She is 12 now. She is taller than Jack. She is 1.6m. But Jack is heavier than May. May is 45kg. They are lovely students. I like them.

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