?2022年江蘇省鹽城市中考英語模擬試卷(二)
一、單項選擇(共15小題; 每題1分, 計15分)從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個可以填人句中空白處的最佳答案。
1.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)I've bought some tea from the Family Mart. Some is black tea, and _________ rest is white tea.(  )
A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./
2.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Since he has many advantages ______ the other three,we prefer to recommend him to be the monitor.(  )
A.for B.with C.from D.over
3.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Let's go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning. —It's too late.Let's make it ______ .( ?。?br /> A.a(chǎn) quarter to nine B.twenty to ten
C.a(chǎn) quarter to ten D.nine thirty
4.(1分)(2019?天水)﹣﹣﹣Listen!Is that Linda playing the piano in the room?
﹣﹣﹣No.It be Linda,she has gone to London.( ?。?br /> A.may not B.needn't C.can't D.mustn't
5.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)You can see the ______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.( ?。?br /> A.doubt B.pride C.a(chǎn)bility D.pity
6.(1分)(2018?武漢)﹣﹣﹣ Who______the computer?
﹣﹣﹣ Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly.( ?。?br /> A.invented B.discovered C.made D.played
7.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Good news!A company producing a special battery will be set up in Taizhou. —True!A series of new policies(政策) have ______ the use of new energy cars around China recently.(  )
A.pushed in B.put out C.pushed for D.put off
8.(1分)(2014?連云港)﹣______ will the fog and haze last?
﹣I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.( ?。?br /> A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How often
9.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Have you had your dinner yet,Jim? —Yes,I have.My mother ______ it for me.( ?。?br /> A.cooked B.have cooked
C.was cooking D.will cook
10.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)﹣﹣﹣ I don't have enough money to buy a gift for Mom,so I made one for her.
﹣﹣﹣The gift is full of true love,it ____ will be the most valuable.( ?。?br /> A.certainly B.properly C.hardly D.slowly
11.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)To keep healthy,you'd better ______ your nails(指甲) too short.( ?。?br /> A.don't cut B.not cut
C.not to cut D.not cutting
12.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)You'd better follow his advice.______ ,he has practised the law for nearly twenty years.( ?。?br /> A.In all B.At all C.After all D.Above all
13.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)— ______ complete mess your room is!You need to tidy it up. —OK,I will.( ?。?br /> A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
14.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Is there anything else you want to know about China? —Yes,I am still wondering ______ .( ?。?br /> A.why Chinese people like playing the dragon dance.
B.how is the Chinese paper cutting made.
C.how was the Great Wall built in ancient time.
D.why do Chinese people eat rice dumplings.
15.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Hello,F(xiàn)rank.You look busy.Anything I can do to help? —______( ?。?br /> A.No problem. B.Oh,thanks.I'm OK.
C.I'm sorry I can't. D.With pleasure.
二、完形填空(共15題; 每題1分, 計15分)閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后從各題所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。
16.(15分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(霸凌) at school for eleven years.He was always lonely and (1)    until one day he was fifteen.He had had enough of the (2)    and decided to do something about his problems.He walked into a (3)    office and told them about the bullying.The news reporter was shocked and soon his story went into the newspaper and all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his(4)    .They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
After that,Rob continued his (5)    at school and got better marks in them.But in his free time,he helped(6)    with bullying problems.With a friend Katie Neu,he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.cn.
Visitors to the website can find stories,poems and advice about bullying,in both English and French.When people are (7)    ,they can talk on telephone or online to Rob and his team.Every weekend Rob has to (8)    e﹣mails to the people in need on the website.He also talks to children and teachers,even the members of (9)    around the country,about bullying,to make laws to stop school bullies.
Rob's most important message is: "When bullies are unkind to you,it isn't your fault.There's(10)    wrong with you,so you should try to keep(11)    yourself.You should be brave yourself.And remember that there are people (12)    your problems.What you have to do is just to find those people. "
One of Rob's ideas is "Blue Day",a (13)    day for stopping bullying in schools.It is called a "Blue Day" because (14)    that day students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying.More than 150 Canadian schools now (15)    Blue Day,but Rob won't stop until there's a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
(1)A.excited
B.surprised
C.scared
D.relaxed
(2)A.studies
B.bullies
C.friends
D.teachers
(3)A.post
B.teachers'
C.newspaper
D.headmaster's
(4)A.descriptions
B.experiences
C.successes
D.ideas
(5)A.decisions
B.opinions
C.stories
D.studies
(6)A.himself
B.the class
C.others
D.the school
(7)A.worrying
B.exciting
C.interesting
D.happy
(8)A.receive
B.check
C.copy
D.reply
(9)A.newspaper
B.school
C.TV stations
D.government
(10)A.nothing
B.something
C.everything
D.anything
(11)A.encouraging
B.trusting
C.believing
D.teaching
(12)A.caring about
B.talking about
C.joking about
D.telling about
(13)A.crazy
B.surprising
C.common
D.special
(14)A.until
B.before
C.on
D.after
(15)A.remember
B.celebrate
C.forget
D.refuse
三、閱讀理解(共4小題, 每題2分, 計30分)
17.(6分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Looking forward to watching a film?Come to Ticket Help!
Sheep without a Shepherd
118 minutes/Criminal/China
First run:18:00 Dec 17,2021

Top 1 in a week.Total income: ¥470 million
Wanda Cinema
(VIP Cards)
Price: ¥38
Special offer:
every Tuesday 50%
10:50,13:30
15:10,17:20
19:30,22:10
Services:
Free parking.
Snacks for sale.
Hengdian Cinema
(VIP Cards)
Price: ¥34
Special offer;
every Friday 50%
11:35,14:15
16:35,18:55
20:05,21:35
Services;
One hour free parking,5
yuan per half hour after that.
Bona Cinema
(No VIP Cards)
Price: ¥28
Special offer:
children under 10 for free
11:05,12:55
15:40,17:05
20:35,22:30
Services:
Parking:8 yuan for the first hour,
3 yuan per half hour after that.
Future Cinema
(VIP Cards)
Price: ¥38
Special offer:
weekdays 50%
9:30,11:40
14:30,16:00
18:30,23:00
Tips:
Free parking.
Free ticket changing.
(1)John wants to watch the film at 17:05,which cinema can he go to?    
A Wanda Cinema.
B.Hengdian Cinema.
C.Bona Cinema.
D.Future Cinema.
(2)If Julia wants to see a film at Future Cinema,what can't she enjoy?    
A.Snacks for sale.
B.Free parking.
C.50% ticket price on weekdays.
D.Free ticket changing.
(3)We know from the passage that the film Sheep without a Shepherd     .
A.will be on show in a week
B.is spoken highly of
C.is a documentary on animals
D.costs 470 million yuan to make
18.(6分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Paper cups,plastic bags and old newspapers.There are so many single use things(一次性物品)that we throw away after using only once.
①According to news website Quartz,we are now living in a "throw﹣away society".Single﹣use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.
②Every day,we see new memes(表情包),stories and Internet slang(網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語) on social media.With so many of them coming out all the time,the lifespan(壽命) of each becomes short﹣they become "single use online products".This also means social media users are always searching for the next big thing.
③You may feel frustrated(沮喪) when trying to keep up with these memes and slang,but you just cannot help but keep scrolling(滾屏).It is endless no matter it's WeChat Moments(朋友圈),Sina Weibo or Facebook.
④While you read single use content(內(nèi)容) online,you also produce it.Since 2017,WeChat Moments(朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable(可見的).As a result,more and more people don't take their posts seriously.
Since it doesn't take too much time and energy to communicate anymore,we now even have disposable(用后即扔的) friendships,according to a story in Fast Company.
A single﹣use way of life may give you quick pleasure.But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it.Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.
(1)Where can we best put "But the idea of single﹣use is about more than just plastic and paper."?
   
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
(2)Why does the writer mention "WeChat Moments' three days viewable" in Paragraph 5?    
A.To show that WeChat take all the users' privacy(隱私) seriously.
B.To explain the reason why the lifespan of memes and slang becomes short.
C.To teach WeChat users how to post something meaningful on their Moments.
D.To prove that we are producing single use things when we read them online.
(3)The writer would probably talk about     if he continues to write this passage.
A.the disadvantages of single﹣use way of life
B.the reasons that cause single﹣use way of life
C.the ways to avoid single﹣use way of life
D.different opinions about single﹣use way of life
19.(8分)(2022?鹽城模擬)My mom's life was a busy one.Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself,but she also worked outside the home.Surprisingly,she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite(不管) her schedule(預(yù)定計劃).
She would take us over to my aunt's in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner.We would just be finished with school and have to hurry,so my mom would be on time for work.I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate,but that didn't happen,Instead,we would sit on the porch(門廊),my mom in her waitress uniform,and we would rock in my aunt's big wooden swing(秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
"I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds," my sister Sandy would say.
"That's wonderful," my mom would reply,holding her tight.
"I learned how to write my name!" Larry,my younger brother,would shout.
My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother, "Show me how you do it," she'd ask softly.
"Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?" I'd ask her.
Mom would smile at me and nod. "I'm never too busy for something important like that!"
She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years.Later on in her life,when she came to live with us after her retirement(退休),my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.They would run around excitedly,asking their grandma if she would play with them,or read them a story,or go for a walk with them.By then my mom had health problems,but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl.Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
In the last few years of her life,I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch,and we would talk about the past,the dream of the future,and just enjoy being with each other.My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes,my fears,and my dreams for my family.I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
"Nonsense," she'd tell me.Then she'd give me a wink and say, "I'm never too busy to spend time with you.It's one of the greatest joys of my life."
I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them.It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful.In this busy world of ours,and in a life filled with challenges,she always had time to share her joy with me.
(1)According to the passage,we know that the writer grew up     .
A.in a small diner
B.in a low﹣paid family
C.only with her aunt
D.with four sisters and brothers
(2)What did the children do on the porch of their aunt's?    
A.They shared their daily experiences.
B.They told funny stories to their aunt.
C.They helped their mother do some work.
D.They played games together with their aunt.
(3)After retiring,the writer's mother     .
A.always stayed alone at home
B.looked after the writer's children
C.moved to live with her daughter Sandy
D.often gave gifts to the writer's children
(4)What's the best title for the passage?    
A.Always for pleasure
B.Mom's gift of time
C.My children memory
D.Wonderful retirement life
20.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)The next morning they left the Emerald City.The green man took away their glasses and told them the way to the Witch's house. "Everyone is afraid of the Witch of the West," he said. "So be careful!"
The friends walked for a long time.The road was bad,and there were no houses,no fields,no trees.
Now the Witch of the West had a magic eye,and it could see everything.She saw the friends on the road,and she was angry.She put on her tall black hat and shouted, "Magic Monkeys﹣come!"
In a second forty monkeys arrived at her tall house. "What do you want?" they asked "There are three people,a dog,and a lion on my road," she said. "Kill the people and the dog.But bring the lion here to my house.He can work for me."
"At once," said the Monkeys.And away they went.
They broke the Tin Man's arms and legs.They took all the straw out of the Scarecrow and threw his clothes up into the tree.Then they took the Lion and carried him to a dark cellar(地下室) under the Witch's house.
But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto,because of the good Witch's kiss.So the Monkeys picked them up very carefully and carried them to the Witch's house.The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy's face,and she was very afraid.But she did not tell Dorothy that .
"You must work for me in my house now," she said to the child. "All day,and every day.And remember﹣I am watching you all the time."
Now Dorothy did not know this,but the red shoes were magic.The Witch wanted those shoes very much,but Dorothy never took them off.She took them off when she washed,of course,but the Witch never went near water.She was very,very afraid of water.
(1)Which place did the Monkeys take the lion to?    
A.The Emerald City.
B.The Witch's house.
C.The dark cellar.
D.The tall tree.
(2)The Monkeys couldn't hurt Dorothy and Toto because     .
A.both of them had magic eyes
B.the lion could protect them
C.the Witch wanted them to work for her
D.the good Witch gave Dorothy a kiss
(3)What does the underlined word"that"refer to?    
A.The Witch wanted Dorothy work for her.
B.The Witch wanted Dorothy's magic shoes.
C.The Witch were afraid of the kiss on the face.
D.The Witch would watch Dorothy work all the time.
(4)Which is the right time order according of what happened in the story?    
a.The Monkeys took all the straw out of the Scarecrow.
b.The good Witch gave a kiss on Dorothy's face gently.
c.The green man showed Dorothy the way to the Witch's house.
d.The Monkeys carried Dorothy and Toto to the Witch's house.
e.The Witch asked the Monkeys to kill the people and the dog.
A.cdeab
B.bcead
C.badec
D.acded
(5)What can we infer from the story?    
A.The Witch killed Dorothy and took his shoes away.
B.Dorothy killed the Witch with a bucket of water.
C.The Witch threw the Scarecrow's clothes into a tree.
D.The Witch asked the Toto to work for her house.
信息還原—六選五。(共2小題, 每小題10分, 計10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從方框中選出五個句子填人文中空缺處, 使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
21.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)No one knows what the future will be like.But one thing is for sure.(1)    Many changes will take place in the future.So,what will the changes be?
The population is growing fast.(2)    Computers will be much smaller and more useful.And computer science will be one of the most important subjects in schools then.People will work fewer hours and they will have more time for sports and traveling.Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(3)   
There will be some changes in our food,too.More land will be used to build houses for the large population.Then there will be less space for cows and sheep,so meat will be more expensive. (4)    Instead,people will eat more fruit and vegetables.Maybe people will be healthier and live longer.Work in the future will be different,too. (5)    Because of this,many people may lose their jobs.This will be a problem.
A.Maybe no one can eat it every day.
B.There will be more people in the world.
C.Life in the future will be quite different.
D.Robots will do dangerous and hard work.
E.It's difficult to make work easy for people.
F.And more people will go to foreign countries for holidays.
22.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Do you know that Auckland,New Zealand,is the first city to celebrate New Year and Honolulu,Hawaii,is the last to celebrate it?Around the world,people celebrate New Year on the same date but in different ways.Let's take a look at the different New Year celebrations around the world.
In Spain,people believe that eating twelve grapes at midnight of New Year's Eve brings good luck.Thus,at midnight of New Year,they eat a grape on every stroke(報時的鐘聲) of the clock.
In Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,Copacabana Beach is famous for hosting the largest New Year celebration world wide.Millions of people around the world come here to attend the huge party.Traditionally,the local people honor the beach by throwing white flowers into the sea.People also dress up in white as a good luck charm(幸運符).Fireworks start on New Year's Eve and last until the next day.
In Sydney,Australia,the world's largest firework show is held.Though the show lasts only for 12 minutes,it attracts people from all over the world.
In Greece(希臘),January 1st is the day for giving gifts,telling stories and leaving presents in children's shoes at midnight.Every Greek family bakes a cake on this day which has a silver or gold coin hidden inside.Then the cake is cut into slices(片).The cake slices are passed to everyone and whoever gets the coin is believed to have a lucky year ahead.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,回答下列問題。
(1)Which city is the last to celebrate New Year?    
(2)How many grapes do Spanish people eat at midnight of New Year's Eve?    
(3)What color is thought to bring good luck in Brazil?    
(4)Where is the world's largest firework show held?    
(5)What is in the traditional food in Greece on New Year's Day?    
四、詞匯(共5小題, 每題1分, 計20分)根據(jù)句意和漢語提示寫出單詞, 完成句子。
23.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Look at the clouds!It     (看來) rainy tomorrow.
24.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)The younger generation has the duty to carry forward Chinese   ?。▊鹘y(tǒng)的)culture.
25.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)My father is always     (help) to others.
26.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)    (無論什么)I do,I do it for you.Do not ever doubt that,my little girl.
27.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—I'm very glad to put you     (接通).You can speak to your mother now. —Thank you very much.
五、 根據(jù)句意用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
28.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)I think these dresses must be one of the     (model).
29.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Lucy,you look unhappy.What happened?
—Dad,I've made the     (silly) mistake so far.I'm so sorry!
30.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Would you like some     (west) food for dinner?
31.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)What do you want to buy for your father's     (forty﹣nine) birthday?
32.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)You can make your clothes     (smoothly) with an iron.
六、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示, 填寫所缺單詞, 使短文意思完整。
33.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Different students have different heroes.
Andy admires Steve Jobs the most.Andy says Jobs not only a great businessman b(1)    an inventor.Jobs said that the whole world should thank him for his i(2)    like the iPhone and iPad.
Peter admires scientists l(3)    Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein.He thinks they are like explorers who never stop trying to explore the u(4)    world.They are actually pioneers who lead us to make the world b(5)    .
John admires some politicians(政治家) like Nelson Mandela,a fighter who devoted all his life to w(6)    for rights of black Africans.He was one of the greatest presidents in h(7)    .
Girls usually admires artists and writers.For example,Lucy is a m(8)    fan.She admires Beethoven the most.She says that as a E(9)    composer,Beethoven gave courage to people all over the world.
In a word,students all admire great people who have c(10)    the world greatly.What's more,they have impressed the world.
五、書面表達(dá)(共1題, 計20分)
34.(20分)(2022?鹽城模擬)假設(shè)你是21世紀(jì)英語報的青少年專欄記者M(jìn)ike,請你根據(jù)下面的讀者來信寫一份回信,提出合理的建議。

Dear Mike,
I am the monitor in my class.However,when I try to organize class activities,my classmates aren't as helpful as I'd like them to be.What can I do?
I think maybe they think I'm too serious.I want to be funny,but I'm not!A boy in my class is very funny.Everybody likes him and supports him.I want to be as funny as him,but I don't know how.Can you help me?
Yours,
Bob
注意:
(1)文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真是姓名和學(xué)校名稱;
(2)語言通順,意思連貫,條理清楚,書寫規(guī)范;
(3)詞數(shù)80左右,文章開頭已經(jīng)給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Bob,
Thank you for writing this letter to me.I hope I can offer you some useful suggestions.
_____________________________
Yours sincerely,
Mike

2022年江蘇省鹽城市中考英語模擬試卷(二)
參考答案與試題解析
一、單項選擇(共15小題; 每題1分, 計15分)從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個可以填人句中空白處的最佳答案。
1.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)I've bought some tea from the Family Mart. Some is black tea, and _________ rest is white tea.( ?。?br /> A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./
【考點】定冠詞(the).菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】我從家庭集市買了些茶,有些是紅茶,其余的是白茶.
【解答】考查冠詞.A一個,修飾輔音音素開頭的單詞.B一個,修飾元音音素開頭的單詞.C表示特指.D不填.結(jié)合語境"我從家庭集市買了些茶,有些是紅茶,其余的是白茶."可知,the rest其余的.表示特指.
故選:C.
【點評】考查冠詞,冠詞包括定冠詞the,通常表示特指.不定冠詞a和an,a修飾以輔音音素開頭的單詞,an修飾以元音音素開頭的單詞.要根據(jù)語境完成試題.
2.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Since he has many advantages ______ the other three,we prefer to recommend him to be the monitor.(  )
A.for B.with C.from D.over
【考點】常用介詞的辨析.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】由于他比其他三個人有優(yōu)勢,我們更愿意選他當(dāng)班長。
【解答】for為了;with一起;from從......;over多于,超過;have advantages over 是固定搭配,意為"比......有優(yōu)勢"。
故選:D。
【點評】掌握短語的固定搭配,注意介詞用法,結(jié)合語境,選擇正確答案。
3.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Let's go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning. —It's too late.Let's make it ______ .( ?。?br /> A.a(chǎn) quarter to nine B.twenty to ten
C.a(chǎn) quarter to ten D.nine thirty
【考點】時刻.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣讓我們明天上午九點半去書店吧。
﹣﹣太晚了。我們定在八點四十五分吧。
【解答】選項A是八點四十五;選項B是九點四十;選項C是九點四十五;選項D是九點半。題干中時間half past nine是九點半,根據(jù)"It's too late."一句意思可知本題正確答案是A。
故選:A。
【點評】解答本題需要理解所給選項的意思和表達(dá)時間的方法,再根據(jù)題干的字面意思選出正確答案。
4.(1分)(2019?天水)﹣﹣﹣Listen!Is that Linda playing the piano in the room?
﹣﹣﹣No.It be Linda,she has gone to London.( ?。?br /> A.may not B.needn't C.can't D.mustn't
【考點】情態(tài)動詞.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣聽!在房間里彈鋼琴的是琳達(dá).﹣不,它不可能是琳達(dá).她已經(jīng)去倫敦了.
【解答】根據(jù)句意:﹣聽!在房間里彈鋼琴的是琳達(dá).﹣不,它不可能是琳達(dá).她已經(jīng)去倫敦了.結(jié)合選項,A.可符合題意.能不 B.不必 C.不可能 D.不可以,選項C
故選:C。
【點評】熟悉情態(tài)動詞的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案.
5.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)You can see the ______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.(  )
A.doubt B.pride C.a(chǎn)bility D.pity
【考點】名詞的詞義辨析.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】當(dāng)我們談及過去70年里取得的巨大成就,你可以看到我們臉上的自豪。
【解答】doubt懷疑;pride自豪,驕傲;ability能力;pity遺憾;根據(jù)句意,我們談及過去70年里取得的巨大成就,可知我們臉上有自豪的表情。
故選:B。
【點評】在理解名詞意思的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)具體語境,仔細(xì)分析,完成試題。
6.(1分)(2018?武漢)﹣﹣﹣ Who______the computer?
﹣﹣﹣ Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly.( ?。?br /> A.invented B.discovered C.made D.played
【考點】動詞詞義辨析.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣誰發(fā)明了計算機?
﹣﹣對不起,我不知道,但它極大地改變了世界.
【解答】考查動詞.A發(fā)明.B發(fā)現(xiàn).C制造.D玩.結(jié)合語境"﹣﹣誰___了計算機?﹣﹣對不起,我不知道,但它極大地改變了世界.".可知,應(yīng)該是"發(fā)明".
故選:A.
【點評】此題知識點是考查動詞,動詞是表示動作或者是狀態(tài)的詞,要結(jié)合語境,注意時態(tài),人稱等變化,掌握一些固定搭配.選擇合適答案完成試題.
7.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Good news!A company producing a special battery will be set up in Taizhou. —True!A series of new policies(政策) have ______ the use of new energy cars around China recently.( ?。?br /> A.pushed in B.put out C.pushed for D.put off
【考點】動詞短語.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣好消息!一家生產(chǎn)特殊電池的公司將在泰州成立。
﹣﹣正是!最近一系列新政策推動了中國新能源汽車的使用。
【解答】pushed in推進(jìn)去;put out撲滅;pushed for推動;put off推遲;根據(jù)A?series?of?new?policies(政策) have ______ the?use?of?new?energy?cars?around?China?recently,可知是指一系列新政策推動了中國新能源汽車的使用。
故選:C。
【點評】熟悉動詞短語的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。
8.(1分)(2014?連云港)﹣______ will the fog and haze last?
﹣I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.(  )
A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How often
【考點】疑問詞組.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣這場霧霾將持續(xù)多長時間?
﹣我也不知道.沒有結(jié)束的跡象.
【解答】答案:C 根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞last持續(xù)以及答語There is no sign of an end可知這場霧霾還在持續(xù)當(dāng)中,可知應(yīng)該是強調(diào)一個時間段,意為多久,多長時間.結(jié)合選項,how soon意為還要多久,一般和將來時連用;how far多遠(yuǎn);how long 多長時間;how often多長時間一次.根據(jù)意義,故選C.
【點評】此題考查疑問詞組的用法.做題時聯(lián)系上下句的語境,并善于抓住和時間有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞結(jié)合選項選出答案,必要時可一一排除.要求學(xué)生對這種常見的疑問詞組的意義一定要記牢,這樣做起題來就會事半功倍.
9.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Have you had your dinner yet,Jim? —Yes,I have.My mother ______ it for me.( ?。?br /> A.cooked B.have cooked
C.was cooking D.will cook
【考點】一般過去時.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣吉姆,你吃過晚飯了嗎?﹣﹣是的,我吃過了。我母親為我做的。
【解答】cook(煮飯)選項A是一般過去時態(tài);選項B是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);選項C是過去進(jìn)行時態(tài);選項D是一般將來時態(tài)。根據(jù)后一句意思可知"做飯"這個動作是在說話前發(fā)生過,和說話時沒有關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)該用一般過去時態(tài),本題正確答案是A。
故選:A。
【點評】解答本題首先分析結(jié)構(gòu),理解字面意思和提供的語境,再根據(jù)所給答案的不同形式選擇正確答案。
10.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)﹣﹣﹣ I don't have enough money to buy a gift for Mom,so I made one for her.
﹣﹣﹣The gift is full of true love,it ____ will be the most valuable.( ?。?br /> A.certainly B.properly C.hardly D.slowly
【考點】副詞的詞義辨析.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣我沒有足夠的錢給媽媽買禮物,所以我為她做了一個。
﹣﹣這個禮物充滿了真愛,它當(dāng)然是最有價值的。
【解答】certainly當(dāng)然;properly正確地;hardly幾乎不;slowly緩慢地;根據(jù)上一句"這個禮物充滿了真愛",所以它"當(dāng)然"是最有價值的,A符合題意。
故選:A。
【點評】辨析選項中副詞的意思,理解句意,結(jié)合句意完成試題。
11.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)To keep healthy,you'd better ______ your nails(指甲) too short.(  )
A.don't cut B.not cut
C.not to cut D.not cutting
【考點】動詞的固定搭配.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】為了保持健康,你最好不要把指甲剪得太短。
【解答】根據(jù)句意:為了保持健康,你最好不要把指甲剪得太短??疾閔ad better not do sth最好不要做某事。
故選:B。
【點評】熟悉動詞固定搭配的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。
12.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)You'd better follow his advice.______ ,he has practised the law for nearly twenty years.(  )
A.In all B.At all C.After all D.Above all
【考點】介詞短語.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】你最好聽從他的建議。畢竟,他從事法律工作將近20年了。
【解答】in all總計;at all根本;after all畢竟、終究;above all首先、最重要的;根據(jù)"You'd better follow his advice."你最好聽從他的建議??芍吘?,他從事法律工作將近20年了,因此選C項符合題意。
故選:C。
【點評】正確辨析各介詞短語的含義,結(jié)合題干句意選擇作答。
13.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)— ______ complete mess your room is!You need to tidy it up. —OK,I will.( ?。?br /> A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【考點】感嘆句.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣你的房間真是一團(tuán)糟!你需要整理一下。﹣好的,我會的。
【解答】感嘆句的構(gòu)成為:1、What+a/an+(形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!2、What+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!3、How+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語!mess可數(shù)名詞,臟,complete輔音音素開頭,所以要用what a修飾。
故選:B。
【點評】主要考查的是對句子意思的理解和對感嘆句的掌握。
14.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Is there anything else you want to know about China? —Yes,I am still wondering ______ .( ?。?br /> A.why Chinese people like playing the dragon dance.
B.how is the Chinese paper cutting made.
C.how was the Great Wall built in ancient time.
D.why do Chinese people eat rice dumplings.
【考點】賓語從句.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣關(guān)于中國,你還有什么想知道的嗎?
﹣是的,我還在想為什么中國人喜歡舞龍。
【解答】根據(jù)題干,可知考查賓語從句。用陳述語序,選項BCD是疑問語序,故排除BCD。
故選:A。
【點評】熟悉賓語從句的用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案。
15.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Hello,F(xiàn)rank.You look busy.Anything I can do to help? —______( ?。?br /> A.No problem. B.Oh,thanks.I'm OK.
C.I'm sorry I can't. D.With pleasure.
【考點】情境對話.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣你好,弗蘭克。你看起來很忙。有什么我能幫忙的嗎?
﹣﹣哦,謝謝。我沒事。
【解答】No problem.沒問題。Oh,thanks.I'm OK.哦,謝謝。我沒事。I'm sorry I can't.對不起,我不能。With pleasure.樂意效勞。根據(jù)You look busy.Anything I can do to help"你看起來很忙。有什么我能幫忙的嗎?"可知,應(yīng)該回答"哦,謝謝。我沒事。"
故選:B。
【點評】在日常學(xué)習(xí)中要從實際情景交際中多練習(xí),掌握一些習(xí)慣用語。結(jié)合語境,分析選項,選擇正確的回答,完成練習(xí)。
二、完形填空(共15題; 每題1分, 計15分)閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后從各題所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。
16.(15分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(霸凌) at school for eleven years.He was always lonely and (1) C  until one day he was fifteen.He had had enough of the (2) B  and decided to do something about his problems.He walked into a (3) C  office and told them about the bullying.The news reporter was shocked and soon his story went into the newspaper and all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his(4) B  .They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
After that,Rob continued his (5) D  at school and got better marks in them.But in his free time,he helped(6) C  with bullying problems.With a friend Katie Neu,he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.cn.
Visitors to the website can find stories,poems and advice about bullying,in both English and French.When people are (7) A  ,they can talk on telephone or online to Rob and his team.Every weekend Rob has to (8) D  e﹣mails to the people in need on the website.He also talks to children and teachers,even the members of (9) D  around the country,about bullying,to make laws to stop school bullies.
Rob's most important message is: "When bullies are unkind to you,it isn't your fault.There's(10) A  wrong with you,so you should try to keep(11) B  yourself.You should be brave yourself.And remember that there are people (12) A  your problems.What you have to do is just to find those people. "
One of Rob's ideas is "Blue Day",a (13) D  day for stopping bullying in schools.It is called a "Blue Day" because (14) C  that day students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying.More than 150 Canadian schools now (15) B  Blue Day,but Rob won't stop until there's a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
(1)A.excited
B.surprised
C.scared
D.relaxed
(2)A.studies
B.bullies
C.friends
D.teachers
(3)A.post
B.teachers'
C.newspaper
D.headmaster's
(4)A.descriptions
B.experiences
C.successes
D.ideas
(5)A.decisions
B.opinions
C.stories
D.studies
(6)A.himself
B.the class
C.others
D.the school
(7)A.worrying
B.exciting
C.interesting
D.happy
(8)A.receive
B.check
C.copy
D.reply
(9)A.newspaper
B.school
C.TV stations
D.government
(10)A.nothing
B.something
C.everything
D.anything
(11)A.encouraging
B.trusting
C.believing
D.teaching
(12)A.caring about
B.talking about
C.joking about
D.telling about
(13)A.crazy
B.surprising
C.common
D.special
(14)A.until
B.before
C.on
D.after
(15)A.remember
B.celebrate
C.forget
D.refuse
【考點】記敘文.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】本文章主要講述了Rob?Frenette在學(xué)校的時候經(jīng)常受欺凌,后來他終于把這件事說出來,并創(chuàng)建了一個網(wǎng)站為他人提供一些反欺凌的建議。
【解答】(1)形容詞辨析。A.興奮的;B.驚訝的;C.害怕的;D.放松的。根據(jù)上文Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(霸凌) at school for eleven years.(Rob Frenette在學(xué)校有十一年的受欺凌問題。)可知應(yīng)該既孤獨又害怕。故選C。
(2)名詞辨析。A.學(xué)習(xí);B.欺凌;C.朋友;D.老師。根據(jù)decided to do something about his problems.(決定為他的問題做點什么。)可知應(yīng)該是受夠了欺凌。故選B。
(3)名詞辨析。A.郵遞;B.老師的;B.報社;D.校長的。根據(jù)soon his story went into the newspaper(很快他的故事登上了報紙)可知是報社。故選C。
(4)名詞辨析。A.描述;B.經(jīng)歷;C.成功;D.想法。根據(jù)上文told them about the bullying.(告訴他們欺凌的事。)可知是他的經(jīng)歷。故選B。
(5)名詞辨析。A.決定;B.意見;C.故事;D.學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)at school (在學(xué)校)應(yīng)該是繼續(xù)在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。
(6)代詞辨析。A.他自己;B.課;C.別人;D.學(xué)校。根據(jù)he helped (6)with bullying problems.(幫助別人解決欺凌問題。)可知此處是指別人。故選C。
(7)形容詞辨析。A.擔(dān)心的;B.興奮的;C.有趣的;D.開心的。根據(jù)they can talk on telephone or online to Rob and his team.(他們可以通過電話或在線與Rob 和他的團(tuán)隊交談。)應(yīng)該是有所擔(dān)心,可以打電話。故選A。
(8)動詞辨析。A.收到;B.檢查;C.復(fù)制;D.回復(fù)。根據(jù)e﹣mails to the people in need on the website.(通過電子郵件發(fā)送給網(wǎng)站上需要幫助的人。)可知是回復(fù)郵件。故選D。
(9)名詞辨析。A.報紙;B.學(xué)校;C.電視臺;D.政府。根據(jù)to make laws to stop school bullies(制定法律制止校園欺凌)制定法律,可知是政府。故選D。
(10)代詞辨析。A.沒有什么;B.一些事情;C.所有事情;D.任何事情。根據(jù)上句it isn't your fault.(這不是你的錯。)可知你沒有什么錯誤。故選A。
(11)動詞辨析。A.鼓勵;B.信任;C.相信;D.教。根據(jù)上句你沒有什么錯誤,可知要信任你自己。故選B。
(12)動詞短語辨析。A.關(guān)心;B.談?wù)?;C.開玩笑;D.告訴。根據(jù)And remember that there are people (12)your problems.(記得有人關(guān)心你的問題。)故選A。
(13)形容詞辨析。A.瘋狂的;B.驚訝的;C.普通的;D.特殊的。根據(jù)Blue Day(憂郁的一天)和下文描述,應(yīng)該是特別的一天。故選D。
(14)連詞辨析。A.直到;B.在...之前;C.在...上;D.在...之后。根據(jù)that day students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying.(在那一天,學(xué)生們必須穿藍(lán)色的衣服,在課堂上他們學(xué)習(xí)如何停止欺凌。)具體某一天用on。故選是C。
(15)動詞辨析。A.記得;B.慶祝;C.忘記;D.拒絕。根據(jù)More than 150 Canadian schools now (15)Blue Day.(150多所學(xué)校慶祝Blue Day。)故選B。
【點評】首先要通讀全文,了解文章大意,緊緊抓住上下文語境所提供的信息,然后明確詞意,結(jié)合排除法逐一選出答案,最后再通讀全文核對答案。
三、閱讀理解(共4小題, 每題2分, 計30分)
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Services:
Free parking.
Snacks for sale.
Hengdian Cinema
(VIP Cards)
Price: ¥34
Special offer;
every Friday 50%
11:35,14:15
16:35,18:55
20:05,21:35
Services;
One hour free parking,5
yuan per half hour after that.
Bona Cinema
(No VIP Cards)
Price: ¥28
Special offer:
children under 10 for free
11:05,12:55
15:40,17:05
20:35,22:30
Services:
Parking:8 yuan for the first hour,
3 yuan per half hour after that.
Future Cinema
(VIP Cards)
Price: ¥38
Special offer:
weekdays 50%
9:30,11:40
14:30,16:00
18:30,23:00
Tips:
Free parking.
Free ticket changing.
(1)John wants to watch the film at 17:05,which cinema can he go to?  C 
A Wanda Cinema.
B.Hengdian Cinema.
C.Bona Cinema.
D.Future Cinema.
(2)If Julia wants to see a film at Future Cinema,what can't she enjoy?  A 
A.Snacks for sale.
B.Free parking.
C.50% ticket price on weekdays.
D.Free ticket changing.
(3)We know from the passage that the film Sheep without a Shepherd  B  .
A.will be on show in a week
B.is spoken highly of
C.is a documentary on animals
D.costs 470 million yuan to make
【考點】廣告布告類閱讀.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】材料講了電影Sheep without a Shepherd以及幾個電影院的情況。
【解答】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bona Cinema.17:05.(博納電影院。17:05。)可知約翰想在17:05看電影,他可以去博納電影院。故選C。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Future Cinema(VIP Cards).Price: ¥38;Special offer:weekdays 50%.Tips:Free parking.Free ticket changing.(未來影院(VIP卡)。價格:¥38;特別優(yōu)惠:工作日50%。小貼士:免費停車。免費換票。沒有提到出售的零食。)可知如果朱莉婭想在未來的電影院看電影,她不能享用出售的零食。故選A。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容五星級評價132 thousand reviews,9.3.(13.2萬條評論,9.3。)可知從這篇文章中我們知道電影Sheep without a Shepherd,受到高度評價。故選B。
【點評】首先要通讀全文,了解文章大意,緊緊抓住上下文語境所提供的信息,然后明確詞意,結(jié)合排除法逐一選出答案,最后再通讀全文,核對答案。
18.(6分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Paper cups,plastic bags and old newspapers.There are so many single use things(一次性物品)that we throw away after using only once.
①According to news website Quartz,we are now living in a "throw﹣away society".Single﹣use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.
②Every day,we see new memes(表情包),stories and Internet slang(網(wǎng)絡(luò)俚語) on social media.With so many of them coming out all the time,the lifespan(壽命) of each becomes short﹣they become "single use online products".This also means social media users are always searching for the next big thing.
③You may feel frustrated(沮喪) when trying to keep up with these memes and slang,but you just cannot help but keep scrolling(滾屏).It is endless no matter it's WeChat Moments(朋友圈),Sina Weibo or Facebook.
④While you read single use content(內(nèi)容) online,you also produce it.Since 2017,WeChat Moments(朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable(可見的).As a result,more and more people don't take their posts seriously.
Since it doesn't take too much time and energy to communicate anymore,we now even have disposable(用后即扔的) friendships,according to a story in Fast Company.
A single﹣use way of life may give you quick pleasure.But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it.Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.
(1)Where can we best put "But the idea of single﹣use is about more than just plastic and paper."?
 A 
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
(2)Why does the writer mention "WeChat Moments' three days viewable" in Paragraph 5?  D 
A.To show that WeChat take all the users' privacy(隱私) seriously.
B.To explain the reason why the lifespan of memes and slang becomes short.
C.To teach WeChat users how to post something meaningful on their Moments.
D.To prove that we are producing single use things when we read them online.
(3)The writer would probably talk about  C  if he continues to write this passage.
A.the disadvantages of single﹣use way of life
B.the reasons that cause single﹣use way of life
C.the ways to avoid single﹣use way of life
D.different opinions about single﹣use way of life
【考點】新聞報道類閱讀.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】本文主要講述了單一的生活方式的相關(guān)情況。
【解答】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)①后面According to news website Quartz,we are now living in a "throw﹣away society".Single﹣use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.(據(jù)新聞網(wǎng)站Quartz報道,我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個"扔掉的社會"。一次性使用已成為一種自然的生活方式,幾乎隨處可見。)可知"But the idea of single﹣use is about more than just plastic and paper.""但是一次性使用的概念不僅僅是塑料和紙"放在①處比較合適。故選A。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)While you read single﹣use content (內(nèi)容) online,you also produce it.Since 2017,WeChat Moments (朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable (可見的).(在線閱讀一次性內(nèi)容(single﹣use﹣content,簡稱single﹣use﹣content,簡稱"一次性內(nèi)容")時,也會生成一次性內(nèi)容。自2017年以來,微信時刻(WeChat Moments)只允許用戶在最后三天內(nèi)查看他們的帖子。)可知可知作者在第5段提到"微信時刻的三天可觀看"以證明我們在網(wǎng)上閱讀時是在生產(chǎn)一次性產(chǎn)品。故選D。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 A single﹣use way of life may give you quick pleasure.But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it.Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.(一種單一的生活方式可能會給你帶來快感。但這種快樂可能不會持續(xù)太久,因為它背后沒有深思熟慮。也許我們需要放慢腳步,享受更體貼的生活方式。)可知可以推斷如果作者繼續(xù)寫這篇文章,他可能會談?wù)撊绾伪苊膺@種單一的生活方式。故選C。
【點評】閱讀題型,要注重句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間邏輯關(guān)系以及對篇章的整體理解。根據(jù)所給問題選擇正確選項完成試題。
19.(8分)(2022?鹽城模擬)My mom's life was a busy one.Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself,but she also worked outside the home.Surprisingly,she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite(不管) her schedule(預(yù)定計劃).
She would take us over to my aunt's in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner.We would just be finished with school and have to hurry,so my mom would be on time for work.I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate,but that didn't happen,Instead,we would sit on the porch(門廊),my mom in her waitress uniform,and we would rock in my aunt's big wooden swing(秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
"I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds," my sister Sandy would say.
"That's wonderful," my mom would reply,holding her tight.
"I learned how to write my name!" Larry,my younger brother,would shout.
My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother, "Show me how you do it," she'd ask softly.
"Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?" I'd ask her.
Mom would smile at me and nod. "I'm never too busy for something important like that!"
She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years.Later on in her life,when she came to live with us after her retirement(退休),my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.They would run around excitedly,asking their grandma if she would play with them,or read them a story,or go for a walk with them.By then my mom had health problems,but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl.Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
In the last few years of her life,I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch,and we would talk about the past,the dream of the future,and just enjoy being with each other.My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes,my fears,and my dreams for my family.I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
"Nonsense," she'd tell me.Then she'd give me a wink and say, "I'm never too busy to spend time with you.It's one of the greatest joys of my life."
I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them.It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful.In this busy world of ours,and in a life filled with challenges,she always had time to share her joy with me.
(1)According to the passage,we know that the writer grew up  B  .
A.in a small diner
B.in a low﹣paid family
C.only with her aunt
D.with four sisters and brothers
(2)What did the children do on the porch of their aunt's?  A 
A.They shared their daily experiences.
B.They told funny stories to their aunt.
C.They helped their mother do some work.
D.They played games together with their aunt.
(3)After retiring,the writer's mother  B  .
A.always stayed alone at home
B.looked after the writer's children
C.moved to live with her daughter Sandy
D.often gave gifts to the writer's children
(4)What's the best title for the passage?  B 
A.Always for pleasure
B.Mom's gift of time
C.My children memory
D.Wonderful retirement life
【考點】人物故事類閱讀.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】短文主要敘述了作者母親的一生。無論是年輕時照顧四個子女,還是退休后照顧作者的孩子們,她總是很有愛心,耐心,作者對母親感激不盡。
【解答】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù) She would take us over to my aunt's in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner.(晚上,當(dāng)她在一家小餐館當(dāng)服務(wù)員時,她會帶我們?nèi)ス霉眉摇#┛赏茢喑鲎髡咴谝粋€低薪家庭長大。故選B。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Instead,we would sit on the porch(門廊),my mom in her waitress uniform,and we would rock in my aunt's big wooden swing(秋千) and talk about what happened that day.(相反,我們坐在門廊上,媽媽穿著女服務(wù)員的制服,我們坐在姑姑的大木秋千上,談?wù)撃翘彀l(fā)生的事情。)可知,孩子們在姑姑家的門廊上分享他們的日常經(jīng)歷。故選A。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Later on in her life,when she came to live with us after her retirement(退休),my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.They would run around excitedly,asking their grandma if she would play with them,or read them a story,or go for a walk with them.(在她晚年的生活中,當(dāng)她退休后和我們住在一起時,我媽媽也把時間的禮物送給了我的孩子們。他們會興奮地跑來跑去,問奶奶是否愿意和他們一起玩,或者給他們讀個故事,或者和他們一起散步。)可推斷出作者的母親退休后照顧作者的孩子們。故選B。
(4)最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文,根據(jù)It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful.In this busy world of ours,and in a life filled with challenges,she always had time to share her joy with me.(這是我媽媽送給我的禮物,我將永遠(yuǎn)感激。在我們這個忙碌的世界里,在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的生活中,她總是有時間和我分享她的快樂。)可知短文敘述了作者母親的一生。無論是年輕時照顧四個子女,還是退休后照顧作者的孩子們,她總是花時間與我們在一起,故文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是"媽媽的時間禮物"。故選B。
【點評】做題時首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意。帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。
20.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)The next morning they left the Emerald City.The green man took away their glasses and told them the way to the Witch's house. "Everyone is afraid of the Witch of the West," he said. "So be careful!"
The friends walked for a long time.The road was bad,and there were no houses,no fields,no trees.
Now the Witch of the West had a magic eye,and it could see everything.She saw the friends on the road,and she was angry.She put on her tall black hat and shouted, "Magic Monkeys﹣come!"
In a second forty monkeys arrived at her tall house. "What do you want?" they asked "There are three people,a dog,and a lion on my road," she said. "Kill the people and the dog.But bring the lion here to my house.He can work for me."
"At once," said the Monkeys.And away they went.
They broke the Tin Man's arms and legs.They took all the straw out of the Scarecrow and threw his clothes up into the tree.Then they took the Lion and carried him to a dark cellar(地下室) under the Witch's house.
But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto,because of the good Witch's kiss.So the Monkeys picked them up very carefully and carried them to the Witch's house.The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy's face,and she was very afraid.But she did not tell Dorothy that .
"You must work for me in my house now," she said to the child. "All day,and every day.And remember﹣I am watching you all the time."
Now Dorothy did not know this,but the red shoes were magic.The Witch wanted those shoes very much,but Dorothy never took them off.She took them off when she washed,of course,but the Witch never went near water.She was very,very afraid of water.
(1)Which place did the Monkeys take the lion to?  C 
A.The Emerald City.
B.The Witch's house.
C.The dark cellar.
D.The tall tree.
(2)The Monkeys couldn't hurt Dorothy and Toto because  D  .
A.both of them had magic eyes
B.the lion could protect them
C.the Witch wanted them to work for her
D.the good Witch gave Dorothy a kiss
(3)What does the underlined word"that"refer to?  C 
A.The Witch wanted Dorothy work for her.
B.The Witch wanted Dorothy's magic shoes.
C.The Witch were afraid of the kiss on the face.
D.The Witch would watch Dorothy work all the time.
(4)Which is the right time order according of what happened in the story?  B 
a.The Monkeys took all the straw out of the Scarecrow.
b.The good Witch gave a kiss on Dorothy's face gently.
c.The green man showed Dorothy the way to the Witch's house.
d.The Monkeys carried Dorothy and Toto to the Witch's house.
e.The Witch asked the Monkeys to kill the people and the dog.
A.cdeab
B.bcead
C.badec
D.acded
(5)What can we infer from the story?  B 
A.The Witch killed Dorothy and took his shoes away.
B.Dorothy killed the Witch with a bucket of water.
C.The Witch threw the Scarecrow's clothes into a tree.
D.The Witch asked the Toto to work for her house.
【考點】人物故事類閱讀.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】本文是《綠野仙蹤》的一個片段。講的是多蘿西尋找西方女巫被抓的情節(jié)。
【解答】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Then they took the lion and caried him to a dark celar under the Witch's house .(然后他們把獅子帶到巫婆房子下面的一個黑暗的城堡里。)可知,猴子把獅子帶到了女巫房子下面的一個黑暗的地窖。故選C。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto ,because of the good Witch ' s kiss ."和 The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy's face.(但是他們不能傷害多蘿西和托托,因為善良女巫的吻。女巫看到了多蘿西臉上的吻。)可知,它們不能傷害多蘿茜和托托,因為多蘿茜臉上善良女巫的吻。故選D。
(3)詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第七段The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy 's face ,and she was very afraid .But she did not tell Dorothy that .(女巫看到桃樂絲臉上的吻,她非常害怕。但她沒有告訴多蘿西。)可知,that 指代的是"女巫看到多蘿茜臉上的吻很害怕"這件事。故選C。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第七段But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto ,because of the good Witch 's kiss ,可知,壞女巫和猴子們見到他們之前,這件事就已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,所以應(yīng)是"善良的女巫在 Dorothy 的臉上輕輕地吻了一下。"排在所有事情的前面:根據(jù)文中故事的發(fā)展" The green man took away their glasses and told them the way to the Witch 's house ."小綠人給多蘿茜指了去女巫家的路、" Kill the people and the dog .But bring the lion here to my house .He can work for me ."女巫讓猴子們?nèi)⒘巳撕凸贰? They took al the straw out of the Scarecrow and threw his clothes up into the tree ."猴子們把稻草人身上所有的稻草都拿走了、" But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto ,because of the good Witch's kiss .So the Monkeys picked them up very carefully and carried them to the Witch's house ."猴子們把多蘿茜和托托帶到女巫的房子里??芍?,正確的順序應(yīng)是bcead "。故選B。
(5)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段but the Witch never went near water .She was very ,very afraid of water.(但女巫從未靠近過水。她非常非常害怕水。)并結(jié)合原著可知,女巫怕水,最后多蘿茜用水殺死了女巫。故選B。
【點評】做題時首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意。其次,細(xì)讀題材,各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。
信息還原—六選五。(共2小題, 每小題10分, 計10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從方框中選出五個句子填人文中空缺處, 使短文內(nèi)容通順完整。
21.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)No one knows what the future will be like.But one thing is for sure.(1) C  Many changes will take place in the future.So,what will the changes be?
The population is growing fast.(2) B  Computers will be much smaller and more useful.And computer science will be one of the most important subjects in schools then.People will work fewer hours and they will have more time for sports and traveling.Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(3) F 
There will be some changes in our food,too.More land will be used to build houses for the large population.Then there will be less space for cows and sheep,so meat will be more expensive. (4) A  Instead,people will eat more fruit and vegetables.Maybe people will be healthier and live longer.Work in the future will be different,too. (5) D  Because of this,many people may lose their jobs.This will be a problem.
A.Maybe no one can eat it every day.
B.There will be more people in the world.
C.Life in the future will be quite different.
D.Robots will do dangerous and hard work.
E.It's difficult to make work easy for people.
F.And more people will go to foreign countries for holidays.
【考點】選句補全短文.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】短文講了未來的生活將發(fā)生許多變化。
【解答】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
(1)根據(jù)后句"Many changes will take place in the future(未來將發(fā)生許多變化。)"可知說的是未來生活的變化,結(jié)合選項,應(yīng)說未來的生活將會很不一樣。故選C。
(2)根據(jù)前句"The population is growing fast.(人口正在快速增長。)"可知說的是人口的增加,結(jié)合選項,應(yīng)說世界上將會有更多的人。故選B。
(3)根據(jù)前句"Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(旅行將更便宜、更容易。)"可知說的是旅行,結(jié)合選項,應(yīng)說更多的人將去國外度假。故選F。
(4)根據(jù)前句"Then there will be less space for cows and sheep,so meat will be more expensive. (這樣一來,牛羊的空間就會減少,所以肉會更貴。)"可知說的是肉更貴,結(jié)合選項,應(yīng)說也許沒有人能每天都吃。故選A。
(5)根據(jù)前句"Maybe people will be healthier and live longer.Work in the future will be different,too.(也許人們會更健康長壽。未來的工作也會有所不同。)"可知說的是工作變化,結(jié)合選項,應(yīng)說機器人將做危險和艱苦的工作。故選D。
【點評】做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。
22.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Do you know that Auckland,New Zealand,is the first city to celebrate New Year and Honolulu,Hawaii,is the last to celebrate it?Around the world,people celebrate New Year on the same date but in different ways.Let's take a look at the different New Year celebrations around the world.
In Spain,people believe that eating twelve grapes at midnight of New Year's Eve brings good luck.Thus,at midnight of New Year,they eat a grape on every stroke(報時的鐘聲) of the clock.
In Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,Copacabana Beach is famous for hosting the largest New Year celebration world wide.Millions of people around the world come here to attend the huge party.Traditionally,the local people honor the beach by throwing white flowers into the sea.People also dress up in white as a good luck charm(幸運符).Fireworks start on New Year's Eve and last until the next day.
In Sydney,Australia,the world's largest firework show is held.Though the show lasts only for 12 minutes,it attracts people from all over the world.
In Greece(希臘),January 1st is the day for giving gifts,telling stories and leaving presents in children's shoes at midnight.Every Greek family bakes a cake on this day which has a silver or gold coin hidden inside.Then the cake is cut into slices(片).The cake slices are passed to everyone and whoever gets the coin is believed to have a lucky year ahead.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,回答下列問題。
(1)Which city is the last to celebrate New Year?  Honolulu,Hawaii. 
(2)How many grapes do Spanish people eat at midnight of New Year's Eve?  Twelve. 
(3)What color is thought to bring good luck in Brazil?  White. 
(4)Where is the world's largest firework show held?  In Sydney,Australia. 
(5)What is in the traditional food in Greece on New Year's Day?  A cake with a silver or gold coin. 
【考點】閱讀表達(dá).菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】本文主要講述了世界各地不同的新年慶祝活動。
【解答】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
(1)根據(jù)Do you know that Auckland,New Zealand,is the first city to celebrate New Year and Honolulu,Hawaii,is the last to celebrate it?(你知道Auckland,New Zealand是第一個慶祝新年的城市,Honolulu,Hawaii是最后一個慶祝新年的城市嗎?)可知,Honolulu,Hawaii是最后一個慶祝新年的城市,故填:Honolulu,Hawaii.
(2)根據(jù)In Spain,people believe that eating twelve grapes at midnight of New Year's Eve brings good luck.(在西班牙,人們相信在除夕午夜吃十二顆葡萄會帶來好運。)可知,西班牙人在除夕午夜吃十二顆葡萄,故填:Twelve.
(3)根據(jù)In Rio de Janeiro,Brazil...People also dress up in white as a good luck charm.(在Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,……人們還把白色打扮成吉祥物。)可知,在Brazil,白色被認(rèn)為能帶來好運,故填:White.
(4)根據(jù) In Sydney,Australia,the world's largest firework show is held.(在Sydney,Australia,世界上最大的煙花表演正在舉行。)可知,世界上最大的煙花表演在Sydney,Australia舉行,故填:In Sydney,Australia.
(5)根據(jù) In Greece,January 1st is the day for giving gifts,...Every Greek family bakes a cake on this day which has a silver or gold coin hidden inside.(在Greece,1月1日是午夜送禮、……每個Greece家庭都會在這一天烤一個蛋糕,里面藏著一枚銀幣或金幣。)可知,Greece新年的傳統(tǒng)食物是一個藏著一枚銀幣或金幣蛋糕,A cake with a silver or gold coin.
【點評】掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息即可。
四、詞匯(共5小題, 每題1分, 計20分)根據(jù)句意和漢語提示寫出單詞, 完成句子。
23.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Look at the clouds!It  seems  (看來) rainy tomorrow.
【考點】翻譯填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】看那些云!明天好像要下雨。
【解答】"看來"是動詞seem,結(jié)合語境可知本句要用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是it,謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
故答案為:seems。
【點評】翻譯填空,需要學(xué)生根據(jù)句意、時態(tài)和固定搭配等,來選擇合適的單詞或者短語,構(gòu)成合乎語法、句意完整的句子。
24.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)The younger generation has the duty to carry forward Chinese  traditional?。▊鹘y(tǒng)的)culture.
【考點】翻譯填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】年輕一代有責(zé)任發(fā)揚中國的傳統(tǒng)文化。
【解答】傳統(tǒng)的traditional,是形容詞,修飾名詞culture,作定語。
故答案為:traditional。
【點評】翻譯填空,需要學(xué)生根據(jù)漢語提示等,來選擇合適的單詞或者短語,構(gòu)成合乎語法、句意完整的句子。
25.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)My father is always  helpful  (help) to others.
【考點】單詞填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】我父親總是樂于助人。
【解答】"樂于助人"為"be helpful to do sth"。
故答案為:helpful。
【點評】首先要掌握這個句子的意思,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可以確定正確答案。
26.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬) Whatever  (無論什么)I do,I do it for you.Do not ever doubt that,my little girl.
【考點】翻譯填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】無論我做什么,我都是為了你。永遠(yuǎn)不要懷疑,我的小女兒。
【解答】根據(jù)提示"無論什么"可知,填連詞Whatever,首字母大寫。
故答案為:Whatever。
【點評】翻譯填空類型題要充分理解句意,再根據(jù)中文提示完成試題,注意時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性等變化。
27.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—I'm very glad to put you  through  (接通).You can speak to your mother now. —Thank you very much.
【考點】翻譯填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣很高興為您接通。你現(xiàn)在可以和你媽媽說話了。
﹣﹣非常感謝你。
【解答】根據(jù)提示"接通"可知,填副詞through。
故答案為:through。
【點評】翻譯填空類型題要充分理解句意,再根據(jù)中文提示完成試題,注意時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性等變化。
五、 根據(jù)句意用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
28.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)I think these dresses must be one of the  models'  (model).
【考點】單詞填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】我想這些裙子一定是模特的。
【解答】one of"......之一",后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。model的復(fù)數(shù)是models。"裙子應(yīng)該是模特的",填models的所有格models'。
故答案為:models'。
【點評】單詞填空類型題要充分理解句意,再根據(jù)單詞提示完成試題,注意時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性等變化。
29.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)—Lucy,you look unhappy.What happened?
—Dad,I've made the  silliest  (silly) mistake so far.I'm so sorry!
【考點】單詞填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】﹣﹣露西,你看起來不高興。發(fā)生了什么事?
﹣﹣爸爸,我犯了迄今為止最愚蠢的錯誤。我很難過!
【解答】silly是形容詞,根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the,結(jié)合語境可知填最高級silliest最愚蠢的。
故答案是silliest。
【點評】題目要求用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,考查學(xué)生對語法知識的掌握及對詞性轉(zhuǎn)換能力。做題時,要根據(jù)題干中的相關(guān)提示來確定空缺處單詞的詞性及單詞的形式,然后對所給單詞進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖冃?,從而得出正確答案。
30.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Would you like some  western  (west) food for dinner?
【考點】單詞填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】你晚餐想吃西餐嗎?
【解答】west西,名詞。這里修飾名詞food,用形容詞western"西方的"。
故答案為:western。
【點評】單詞填空類型題要充分理解句意,再根據(jù)單詞提示完成試題,注意時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性等變化。
31.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)What do you want to buy for your father's  forty﹣ninth  (forty﹣nine) birthday?
【考點】單詞填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】你想為你父親的49歲生日買什么?
【解答】根據(jù)your father's...birthday,此處指某人多少歲生日,使用序數(shù)詞修飾birthday,forty﹣nine的序數(shù)詞為forty﹣ninth。
故填:forty﹣ninth。
【點評】首先要掌握這個句子的意思,然后結(jié)合具體的題目,就可以確定正確答案。
32.(1分)(2022?鹽城模擬)You can make your clothes  smooth  (smoothly) with an iron.
【考點】單詞填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】你可以用熨斗把衣服熨平。
【解答】smoothly平順地,副詞。make sth+形容詞"讓某物......"固定搭配,填形容詞smooth"平順的"。
故答案為:smooth。
【點評】單詞填空類型題要充分理解句意,再根據(jù)單詞提示完成試題,注意時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性等變化。
六、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示, 填寫所缺單詞, 使短文意思完整。
33.(10分)(2022?鹽城模擬)Different students have different heroes.
Andy admires Steve Jobs the most.Andy says Jobs not only a great businessman b(1) ut  an inventor.Jobs said that the whole world should thank him for his i(2) nventions  like the iPhone and iPad.
Peter admires scientists l(3) ike  Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein.He thinks they are like explorers who never stop trying to explore the u(4) nknown  world.They are actually pioneers who lead us to make the world b(5) etter  .
John admires some politicians(政治家) like Nelson Mandela,a fighter who devoted all his life to w(6) orking  for rights of black Africans.He was one of the greatest presidents in h(7) istory  .
Girls usually admires artists and writers.For example,Lucy is a m(8) usic  fan.She admires Beethoven the most.She says that as a E(9) uropean  composer,Beethoven gave courage to people all over the world.
In a word,students all admire great people who have c(10) hanged  the world greatly.What's more,they have impressed the world.
【考點】首字母閱讀填空.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】本文介紹一些學(xué)生的不同的偶像。
【解答】(1)考查連詞。句意:Andy說Jobs不僅是一位偉大的商人也是一名發(fā)明家。結(jié)合首字母,可知是but"但是",固定結(jié)構(gòu)not only...but...不但...而且...。故填but。
(2)考查名詞。句意:Jobs說整個世界應(yīng)該感謝他的發(fā)明,像蘋果手機和平板。結(jié)合首字母,可知是invention"發(fā)明物",根據(jù)the iPhone and iPad,可知用復(fù)數(shù)。故填inventions。
(3)考查介詞。句意:Peter崇拜像Stephen Hawking和Alberrt Eistein這樣的科學(xué)家。結(jié)合首字母,可知是like"像"。故填like。
(4)考查形容詞。句意:他認(rèn)為他們就你探險家一樣,從來沒有停止探索未知的世界。結(jié)合首字母,可知是unknown"未知的",形容詞unknown修飾名詞world。故填unknown。
(5)考查比較級。句意:他們是真正能帶領(lǐng)我們使世界變得更好的先鋒。結(jié)合首字母,可知是better"更好的",make the world better使世界變得更好。故填better。
(6)考查動名詞。句意:一位把生命致力于提高非洲黑人權(quán)力的斗士。結(jié)合首字母,可知是work"工作",固定短語devote one's life to doing sth.奉獻(xiàn)生命做某事,用動名詞。故填working。
(7)考查名詞。句意:他是歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。結(jié)合首字母,可知是history"歷史",固定短語in history,歷史上。故填history。
(8)考查名詞。句意:Lucy是一名音樂迷。結(jié)合首字母,可知是music"音樂",a music fan一名音樂迷。故填music。
(9)考查形容詞。句意:她說,作為一名歐洲的一名作曲家,Bethoven給了全世界人們的勇氣。結(jié)合首字母,可知是European"歐洲的",形容詞European修飾名詞composer。故填European。
(10)考查動詞。句意:學(xué)生們都崇拜那些能改變世界的偉人。結(jié)合首字母,可知是change"改變",現(xiàn)在完成時,have后加動詞的過去分詞changed。故填changed。
【點評】通讀全文,理解文章大意,緊密結(jié)合上下文判斷句意,根據(jù)句意及首字母判斷空格處詞義,根據(jù)相關(guān)知識點寫出詞語的正確形式,完成后再次閱讀查看語意是否正確。
五、書面表達(dá)(共1題, 計20分)
34.(20分)(2022?鹽城模擬)假設(shè)你是21世紀(jì)英語報的青少年專欄記者M(jìn)ike,請你根據(jù)下面的讀者來信寫一份回信,提出合理的建議。

Dear Mike,
I am the monitor in my class.However,when I try to organize class activities,my classmates aren't as helpful as I'd like them to be.What can I do?
I think maybe they think I'm too serious.I want to be funny,but I'm not!A boy in my class is very funny.Everybody likes him and supports him.I want to be as funny as him,but I don't know how.Can you help me?
Yours,
Bob
注意:
(1)文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真是姓名和學(xué)校名稱;
(2)語言通順,意思連貫,條理清楚,書寫規(guī)范;
(3)詞數(shù)80左右,文章開頭已經(jīng)給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Bob,
Thank you for writing this letter to me.I hope I can offer you some useful suggestions.
_____________________________
Yours sincerely,
Mike
【考點】提綱作文.菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)版權(quán)所有
【分析】【高分句型一】
It's true that working as the monitor of a class is a tough job.的確,當(dāng)班長是一份艱苦的工作。
It's true that……是真的。
【高分句型二】
If we aren't great joke﹣tellers,we can be great listeners or show some other talent.如果我們不是很會講笑話的人,我們可以是很好的聽眾,或者展示一些其他的才能。
if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
【解答】Dear Bob,
Thank you for writing this letter to me.I hope I can offer you some useful suggestions.(點題)
It's true that working as the monitor of a class is a tough job.【高分句型一】Perhaps you can talk to your teacher and see if you can reward students who actively take part when you organize activities.If other students see that they can be rewarded,maybe they'll be more willing to take part.As for being serious or funny,everyone has a different sense of humor.If we aren't great joke﹣tellers,we can be great listeners or show some other talent. 【高分句型二】What counts is that humor makes us laugh,no matter whether you're the one telling the joke or not.(針對問題的建議)
I hope my advice is of some help to you.(希望)
Yours sincerely,
Mike
【點評】能夠根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行書面表達(dá),能夠圍繞主題準(zhǔn)確使用一定的語法、詞匯、短語和句型等,清楚連貫地表達(dá)自己的思想,進(jìn)而完成寫作任務(wù)。

考點卡片
1.單詞填空
【考查能力介紹】
單詞填空題在歷年各地中考都有考查,此題考點涉及面廣,從詞匯到語法,從固定搭配到對篇章的整體把握對學(xué)生都有較高的要求.該題型旨在考查學(xué)生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和綜合運用英語的能力.常見的題型有以下幾種:
①用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.這一題型主要考查單詞在不同語境中的詞形變化,如名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞的時態(tài)、不同詞性之間的變換、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的運用、形容詞和副詞的等級、詞匯的慣用法等等都是它的考查內(nèi)容.
【例】I think English is very useful. Are you (interest) in it?
分析:所給的interest為動詞,根據(jù)習(xí)慣表達(dá)be interested in …可知,應(yīng)填interest的形容詞 interested.
②根據(jù)漢語提示填空.這一題型主要考查學(xué)生的單詞拼寫能力及詞形變化、語法知識運用和詞組辨別能力等;考查范圍幾乎涉及所有詞性,以實詞考查為主,虛詞考查較少.
【例】Messi (得分)a winning goal in the second half of the match.
【考點】翻譯填空.
【分析】梅西在下半場的比賽中打進(jìn)制勝一球.
【解答】答案:scored考查翻譯填空.句意:梅西在下半場的比賽中打進(jìn)制勝一球.根據(jù)漢語提示及其英語句子,可知要翻譯的部分為:得分.英語表達(dá)是score,句子是一般過去時,故答案為scored.
【點評】做這類題型,首先根據(jù)所給漢語明確句子所要考查的單詞或短語的拼寫,再結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識對單詞或短語做出形式上的變化.
③根據(jù)首字母提示填空.這種試題的首字母已給,所填的就必須是該字母開頭的單詞.這既是一種限制,又是一種提示.它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識,還考查理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力.
【例】The boys have m all the skills of that game.
【考點】首字母填空.
【分析】男孩已經(jīng)掌握那個游戲的所有技能.
【解答】答案:mastered.跳過空格推知句意是掌握了技能,故用動詞master,結(jié)合have和句意表達(dá)的動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞,故答案是mastered.
【點評】現(xiàn)在完成時有兩種用法1.過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作.2.表示過去發(fā)生的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).
④選詞填空.這一題型往往給出幾個不同的選項和不同的句子,要求考生對號入座,根據(jù)語法知識和構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則選出適當(dāng)詞匯,寫出正確的答案,考查考生具體運用語言知識的能力.因篇幅有限,不再舉例.
⑤以文章形式出現(xiàn)的詞語運用題和其他題型.對于單詞填空的考查并不單一是句子填空,也有短文填空,都是題型不變的基礎(chǔ)上考查方式做了變化,難易程度不一.除了上述幾種題目形式外,單詞填空有時也涉及根據(jù)音標(biāo)填空,對音標(biāo)的掌握情況做出考查.
【解題方法點撥】
①對于用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,答題時要做到:A.明確所給詞的詞性;B.弄清所給句子的意思;C.確定空白處所需的詞性D.正確寫出所填的詞.
②對于根據(jù)漢語提示填空,答題時要做到:A.根據(jù)漢語提示弄清所考查的詞匯;B.結(jié)合語境做出合乎語法和慣用法的詞形變化;C.填寫拼寫正確的單詞.
③對于根據(jù)首字母提示填空,答題時要做到:A.根據(jù)前后句子理解句子大意,推出設(shè)空處的大致意思;B.根據(jù)首字母提示確定所需單詞;C.在注意詞性和語法變化的基礎(chǔ)上填寫拼寫正確的適當(dāng)形式.
④對于選詞填空,答題時要做到:A.看備選項,對詞匯意義做初步了解;B.瀏覽題目,根據(jù)題目需要去備選項中尋找匹配答案;C.選定詞匯后要根據(jù)語境、語法等來做出適當(dāng)形式變化再填空.
⑤對于短文填空,答題時要在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)基本方法做出解答.
【中考命題方向】
中考命題對于單詞填空的考查是歷年來的重點,各地考查形式不一,但萬變不離其宗,都是對詞匯知識的運用能力的綜合考查.考查方式有首字母填空(如武漢、上海等);適當(dāng)形式填空(如山東、四川等);詞語運用題(如河南等);等等.
2.名詞的詞義辨析
【概念】
(1)名詞
名詞是指人、地點、事物、行為、品質(zhì)、抽象概念、感情等的名稱的詞.名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類.
(2)普通名詞
普通名詞表示某類人或某類事物的名稱.普通名詞又可分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞.
(3)個體名詞
用來表示單個人或事物的名詞.如:astronaut,building等.
(4)集體名詞
用來指一群人或一些事物總稱的名詞.如:family,group等.
(5)物質(zhì)名詞
用來指無法分為個體的物質(zhì)、材料的名詞.如:water,rice等.
(6)抽象名詞
用來指人或事物的品質(zhì)、情感、狀態(tài)等,抽象概念的詞的名詞.如:health,education等.
(7)概念點撥
一般地說,個體名詞和集體名詞是可數(shù)的,稱為可數(shù)名詞,有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分;物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的,稱為不可數(shù)名詞,通常只有單數(shù),但在某些具體情況下也可以用復(fù)數(shù).
3.定冠詞(the)
【概念】
定冠詞:
定冠詞即the,表示特指人或物,用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義.區(qū)別于不定冠詞,定冠詞具有確定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名詞所指的人或事物是同類中的特定的一個,以別于同類中其他的人或事物,相當(dāng)于漢語中的"那個"或"這個"的意思.它可以和單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞,也可以和不可數(shù)的名詞連用.
【用法】
(1)一般用法:
1.用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子.
2.用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物
Open the door,please.請把門打開.
3.用以復(fù)述上文提過的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the")
Once there lived a lion in the forest.Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.
從前森林里住著一只獅子.每天這只獅子要小動物們?yōu)樗麑ふ沂澄铮?br /> 4.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前
January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年當(dāng)中的第一個月.
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國最大的城市.
5.表示世界上宇宙中獨一無二的事物
the sun 太陽
the earth 地球
the sky 天空
the world 世界
6.指由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞
the West Lake西湖
the Great Wall 長城
the United States美國
the United Nations 聯(lián)合國
7.表示方向、方位
in the east 在東方
in the front 在前面
in the bottom 在底部
on the right 在右邊
8.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前
the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the Yellow River 黃河
the Tianshan Mountains天山山脈t
the Taiwan Straits臺灣海峽
9.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday.
The Greens are having dinner at home.
10.和某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化,代表一類人或物
the poor 窮人
the rich 富人
the sick 病人
the wounded傷員
the good 好人
the beautiful 美麗的事物
11.用在表示階級、政黨的名詞前
the working class 工人階級
the Chinese Communist Party 中國共產(chǎn)黨
12.用在the very強調(diào)句中
This is the very book I want.這就是我想要的那本書.
13.固定用法:the+比較級…the+比較級…,表示越…越…
14.表示演奏樂器時,樂器的前面要加the
play the piano 彈鋼琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
注:中國樂器名詞前不與冠詞連用:er﹣hu(二胡)
15.某些固定的表達(dá)法
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
go to the cinema 去看電影
go to the theatre 去看戲
all the year round 一年到頭
on the way to 前往…去的路上
16.the加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以表示一類人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.馬是一種有用的動物.
注意:像這類句子還有如下兩種寫法
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
17.在句型"動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某一部位"中要用 the,而不用人稱代詞.
take sb.by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb.in the face 打某人的臉
be red in the face 臉紅
be lame in the right leg右腿瘸 等結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前要用the.
(2)特殊用法:
18.特指雙方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine.把藥吃了.
19.與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體:
They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)
20.表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:
She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂.
21.用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級、等專有名詞前:
the People's Republic of China中華人民共和國
the United States 美國
22.用在某些習(xí)慣用語中
for the present 暫時
go to the cinema 看電影
in the end 最后
in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道
in the least 一點,絲毫
in the open 在野外
in the past 在過去
in the event of 萬一
in the morning 在上午
in the way 擋道,礙事
on the whole總體上
on the other hand 另一方面
out of the question不可能的
23.在中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前加the
The Dragon Boat Festival 龍舟節(jié)(端午節(jié))
The Mid﹣autumn Festival中秋節(jié)
24.不使用定冠詞的情況:三餐前,四季,進(jìn)行球類活動前不加the.
【易混淆點】
1.如果初次提到某人或某物,一般用不定冠詞a/an表示不確定的某人或某物,如果再次提到該人或該物,就用定冠詞the表示特指.
例子:I ordered a hamburger and salad.________ hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious.( ?。?br /> A.An B.The C.A
分析:我點了一個漢堡和沙拉.這個漢堡很漂亮,但是沙拉不好吃.
解答:B
根據(jù)題干,可知考查冠詞,第二次再出現(xiàn)前文提到的人或物時,要用定冠詞the表特指,特指前文提到的人或物,根據(jù)題意"這個漢堡很漂亮",應(yīng)該用the,故選B.
點評:熟悉冠詞的基本用法,結(jié)合題意,給出答案.
2.如果事先已經(jīng)提到過某人或某物,表示確定的含義,或說話雙方都知道的人或物,這時要用定冠詞the.
例子:﹣﹣Tina,turn on ______ radio,please.
﹣﹣OK.(  )
A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./
分析:﹣Tina,請打開收音機.﹣好的.
解答:C
不定冠詞a/an表泛指,定冠詞the表特指;此處的"打開收音機"應(yīng)該是說話雙方都知道的這臺收音機,所以是特指,故選C.
點評:本題考查冠詞的用法,先弄清不定冠詞和定冠詞的用法區(qū)別,再根據(jù)情境選擇正確答案.
3.注意零冠詞和定冠詞的區(qū)別,比如play+球類,中間不加冠詞.即使用零冠詞.Play+樂器類,中間用定冠詞the.
例子:David plays _____ football but he doesn't play ____ piano ( ?。?br /> A.\,the B.the,\C.a(chǎn),the
分析:戴維踢足球,但他不彈鋼琴.
解答:A.根據(jù)語境play…football(足球)和play…piano(鋼琴),可知第一空處為零冠詞(play和球類搭配時球類前零冠詞),第二空處為the(play和樂器搭配時樂器前用the),故答案為A.
點評:本題考查冠詞的用法.play和球類搭配是球類前零冠詞,play和樂器搭配時樂器前用the.
4.固定用法.
例子:Some people think that robots will take ______ place of human beings.(  )
A.a(chǎn) B.the C./D.a(chǎn)n
分析:有些人認(rèn)為機器人將會代替人類.
解答:B.根據(jù)take the place of是固定搭配,表示代替,故答案選B.
點評:本題考查定冠詞the在固定搭配中的使用.
【解題方法點撥】
特指雙方熟悉,上文已經(jīng)提及;
世上獨一無二,方位名詞樂器;
某些專有名詞,外加復(fù)數(shù)姓氏;
序數(shù)詞和最高級,習(xí)慣用語要特記.
有水無湖就用the(海、洋、海灣、河等,都用the;單個湖不用the).
【中考命題方向】
1.零冠詞和定冠詞區(qū)別.(play+球類,play the+樂器)
2.序數(shù)詞和固定用法,用定冠詞the.
﹣Dong Guijun is _____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
﹣He is _____ pride of us.( ?。?br /> A.the;/B.a(chǎn); the C.the; the D.a(chǎn);/
分析:﹣董桂軍是連云港登上珠穆朗瑪峰的第一人.﹣他是我們的驕傲.
解答:C.根據(jù)語境first man(第一人),序數(shù)詞fisrt前必須加the,第二空后單詞 pride (驕傲)為不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用the來修飾,構(gòu)成the pride of…的驕傲.故答案為C.
點評:本題考查冠詞的用法,泛指一類人或物用a或an.元音音素(注意不是元音字母)開頭單詞前用an,輔音音素開頭單詞前用a.特指某人、某物、序數(shù)詞及樂器前用the.
3.定冠詞和不定冠詞區(qū)別.(定冠詞the.不定式冠詞a/an)
﹣﹣﹣Kate,are you ____ only child in your family?
﹣﹣﹣Yes,but ____ new baby is on the way.(  )
A.a(chǎn); the B.a(chǎn)n; the C.the; a D.the; the
分析:﹣Kate,你是家里唯一的孩子嗎?﹣是的,但是一個新的嬰兒就要到來了.
解答:C
定冠詞the表特指,不定冠詞a,an表泛指或表數(shù)量"一",a用于輔音音素前,an用于元音音素前;"家里唯一的小孩"是特指,用the;"一個新嬰兒"表數(shù)量"一",new的第一個音是輔音/n/,故選C.
點評:本題考查冠詞辨析,先弄清其用法,再根據(jù)情景選擇正確答案.
4.常用介詞的辨析
【常用介詞的辨析】
一、表示計量的介詞:at,for,by
1.a(chǎn)t表示"以…速度""以…價格".如:
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小時900公里的速度飛行.
2.for表示"用…交換,以…為代價".如:
He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把車賣了.
二、表示材料的介詞:of,from,in
1.of成品仍可看出原料.如:
This box is made of paper.這個盒子是紙做的.
2.from成品已看不出原料.如:
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄釀成的.
3.in表示用某種材料或語言.如:
Please fill in the form in pencil first.請先用鉛筆填寫這個表格.
三、表示關(guān)于的介詞:of,about,on
1.of僅是提到或談到過某人或某事.如:
He spoke of the film the other day.他前幾天提到了這部影片.
2.a(chǎn)bout指"關(guān)于"某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況.如:
Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎?
3.on指"關(guān)于"學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅的事.如:
It's a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有關(guān)中國歷史的教科書.
四、表示好像或當(dāng)作的介詞:like,as
1.like表示"像…一樣",其實不是.如:
Peter the Great,like his country,was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的國家一樣強健和自豪.
2.a(chǎn)s表示"作為,以…身份",其實也是.如:
He talked to me as a father.他以父親的身份跟我談話.
五、表示支持或反對的介詞:against,for
against反對,for支持,互為反義詞.如:
Are you for my idea or against it?你贊同還是反對我的想法?
六、表示除某人某物外的介詞:besides,except
1.besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的"除…外,還".如:
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,還有30個學(xué)生去看了電影.(他和另外30人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides football.除了足球,他還對網(wǎng)球感興趣.
2.except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的"除去".如:
Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個人都很激動.(他們激動,而我卻不激動)
5.副詞的詞義辨析
【常見副詞詞義辨析】
1.how often, how long, how far, how soon
(1)how often有"多久一次"的意思,是就做某事的頻率提問.常用"Twice a year.","Three times a week."等回答.如:
﹣How often do you watch TV?
你多久看一次電視?
﹣Three times a week.每周三次.
(2)how long表示 "時間多久或物體多長", 表示時間側(cè)重指 "一段時間".針對 "how long" 的回答一般是時間段,如 "for three days", "three years".如:
﹣How long did he stay here?
他在這兒待了多久?
﹣About two weeks.
大約兩個星期.
(3)how soon表示 "多久之后",主要用來對表示將來的一段時間提問.how soon的回答一般是:in+時間段.如:
﹣How soon will he be back?
他要多久才回來?
﹣In an hour.
一小時以后.
(4)how far 是提問"路程有多遠(yuǎn)",詢問距離.如:
How far is it from his house?
距離他家有多遠(yuǎn)?
2.too, enough, so同作副詞,差別大
(1)too作副詞,用在"too…to"結(jié)構(gòu)中, too…to結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞不定式部分為否定意義,意為"太……而不能……".如:
He is too young to go to school.
他年齡太小了不能上學(xué).
(2)enough用作副詞時,意為"足夠","形容詞或副詞原級+enough to"結(jié)構(gòu)意為"足以能夠",是肯定意義.如:
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上學(xué)的年齡了.
(3)so意為"如此",用于"so…that…(如此……以至于……)",so后接形容詞或副詞,that后面加從句.如:
He is so old that he can't go on working.
他年齡太大,不能繼續(xù)工作了.
3.a(chǎn)lready, still, yet用法巧辨析
(1)already通常用于完成時的肯定句中,表示"已經(jīng)".如:
I have already seen the film.
我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了.
(2)yet用來談?wù)撃呈率欠褚呀?jīng)發(fā)生,多用于疑問句和否定句中.在疑問句中,意為"已經(jīng)",在否定句中意為"還,尚",通常放在句末;not yet可用于簡略回答,意為"還沒有".如:
He hasn't finished reading the book yet.
他還沒有讀完這本書.
﹣Have you finished your homework?
你完成家庭作業(yè)了嗎?
﹣No,not yet.
不,還沒有.
(3)still意為"仍然,還",強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情及存在的狀況目前還在延續(xù).在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中,still只表示動作正在持續(xù).如:
He's still living with his mother.
他仍與母親住在一起.
4.either, also, too用法"也"不同
(1)also用于肯定句,常用在實義動詞前be動詞后.如:
He also attended the meeting yesterday.
昨天他也參加了會議.
He is also a scientist.
他也是科學(xué)家.
(2)too用于肯定句,在句末,too前須有逗號.如:
He can swim,too.他也會游泳.
(3)either用于否定句,通常放在句末,之前需加逗號.如:
He didn't attend the meeting,either.
他也沒去參加會議.
5.a(chǎn)go, before"以前"差別大
(1)ago表示"從現(xiàn)在起若干時間以前",常與動詞一般過去式連用,而且ago只能作副詞.如:
He left Shanghai three days ago.
他三天前離開了上海.
(2)before表示"從過去某時起若干時間以前",常與過去完成式連用.before既可作副詞又可作介詞和連詞.如:
I had finished the work two days before.
兩天前我已完成了工作.(副詞)
I visited him two days ago,but he had gone to Paris five days before.
我于兩天前去訪問他,可是他已于那日5天前赴巴黎去了.(副詞)
6.much too, too much詞序顛倒,意不同
(1)too much可以用作副詞,也可以形容詞,意為"太多、過于".用作副詞時,在句中作狀語.如:
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看電視太久,對你的眼睛不好.
His father was too much surprised to see him here.
他的爸爸看到他在這兒非常吃驚.
too much用作形容詞時,常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞.如:
He drank too much beer last night.
他昨晚酒喝得太多.
Please don't waste too much money.
請不要浪費太多的錢.
too much用作名詞時,在句中作主語、賓語或表語.
如:
Too much was happening all at once.
同時發(fā)生的事太多了.
Mike,you have eaten too much. You can't eat any more.
邁克,你吃得太多了,你不能再吃了.
It's too much for me.
這個我干不了.
(2)much too用作副詞時,通常用來修飾形容詞或副詞,意為"極其、非常、實在太".如:
This problem is much too difficult for me to work out.
這個問題非常難,我算不出來.
This shirt is much too expensive for him.
這件襯衫對他來說,實在太貴了.
7.hard與hardly沒有共同語言
(1)當(dāng)hard用作副詞時,意為"努力地、困難地、猛烈地"等.如:
Does Tom work hard at his lessons?
湯姆學(xué)習(xí)努力嗎?
It′s raining hard outside now. Don't go out.
現(xiàn)在外面正下著大雨,不要出去.
(2)hardly并不是hard加上后綴所構(gòu)成的副詞,hardly只能用作副詞,意為"幾乎沒有、幾乎不".如:
I can hardly see anything on the blackboard.
我?guī)缀蹩床灰姾诎迳系娜魏螙|西.
My father hardly ever watches TV.
我爸爸幾乎不看電視.
6.時刻
【常用方法】
一、整點法:如果時間是整點,就用"鐘點數(shù)+o'clock"來表示.o'clock可省略.如:8:00可讀作eight o'clock或eight
二、 順讀法:順讀法,也叫直接讀法,此方法用于既有鐘點數(shù),又有分鐘數(shù)的時間,通常先讀"鐘點數(shù)",再讀分鐘數(shù).如:7:20讀作seven﹣twenty
三、 倒讀法:此方法是"先讀分鐘數(shù)",再讀"鐘點數(shù)",使用此方法要注意兩點:
1. 如果分鐘數(shù)在30以內(nèi),就用"分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點數(shù)"表示,介詞past意為"過".如:6:10讀作ten past six.
2. 當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)正好是"三十分鐘"時,可用"順讀法"中的"鐘點數(shù)+thirty",也可用"half+past+鐘點數(shù)".如:7:30可讀作seven thirty 或 half past seven.
3. 如果分鐘數(shù)超過30,則用"(60﹣分鐘數(shù))+ to +(鐘點數(shù) + 1)"來表示,介詞to 為"差"的意思.如:6:35讀作twenty﹣five to seven (差二十五分鐘到七點)
在"倒讀法"中,當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)涉及到"15分鐘"時,一般不用fifteen,而用a quarter(一刻鐘)來表示.如:10:15讀作a quarter past ten (一般不讀 fifteen past ten)
7.情態(tài)動詞
【概念】
情態(tài)動詞:可以用來表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài),如需要、可能、意愿和懷疑等,有一定的意義,但不完整,不能獨立作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語.
8.動詞的固定搭配
【常見的動詞固定搭配】
一、只接不定式(不能接動名詞)作賓語的25個常用動詞
1. want to do sth. 想要做某事
2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
4. help(to)do sth. 幫助做某事
5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
6. learn to do sth. 學(xué)會做某事
7. manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做成某事
8. offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事
9. plan to do sth. 計劃做某事
10. afford to do sth. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事(時間或金錢方面)
11. agree to do sth. 做某事
12. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事
14. beg to do sth. 懇求做某事
15. care to do sth. 愿意/喜歡做某事
16. choose to do sth. 選擇做某事
17. decide to do sth. 決定做某事
18. demand to do sth. 要求做某事
19. determine to do sth. 決心做某事
20. expect to do sth. 等待做某事
21. fear to do sth. 懼怕做某事
22. prepare to do sth. 預(yù)備做某事
23. pretend to do sth. 偽裝做某事
24. promise to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事
25. refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事
二、只接動名詞(不能接不定式)作賓語的28個常用動詞
1. practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事
2. consider doing sth. 考慮做某事
3. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事
4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
5. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事
6. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事
8. put off doing sth. 推遲做某事
9. risk doing sth. 冒險做某事
10. suggest doing sth. 建議做某事
11. admit doing sth. 承認(rèn)做某事
12. advise doing sth. 建議做某事
13. allow doing sth. 允許做某事
14. appreciate doing sth. 感謝做某事
15. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事
17. deny doing sth. 否認(rèn)做某事
18. discuss doing sth. 討論做某事
19. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事
20. escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事
21. excuse doing sth. 原諒做某事
22. fancy doing sth. 想象/喜愛做某事
23. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事
25. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
26. miss doing sth. 錯過做某事
27. permit doing sth. 允許做某事
28. prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事
三、既可接不定式也可接動名詞,但含義完全不同的8個動詞
1. remember to do sth. 記住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 記得做過某事(已做)
2. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做)
  forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(已做)
3. regret to do sth. 遺憾要做某事(未做)
  regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做過某事(已做)
4. try to do sth. 努力做某事
  try doing sth. 嘗試做某事
5. mean to do sth. 計劃做某事
  mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
6. can't help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事
  can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
7. go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
  go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事
8. stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事
  stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
 四、接不定式作賓補的35個常用動詞
  1. advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事
  2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
  3. ask sb. to do sth. 請(叫)某人做某事
  4. bear sb. to do sth. 忍耐某人做某事
  5. beg sb. to do sth. 懇求某人做某事
  6. cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
  7. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
  8. drive sb. to do sth. 驅(qū)使某人做某事
  9. elect sb. to do sth. 選舉某人做某事
  10. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
  11. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
  12. forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
  13. force sb. to do sth. 強迫某人做某事
  14. get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
  15. hate sb. to do sth. 討厭/厭惡某人做某事
  16. help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事
  17. intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
  18. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事
  19. leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
  20. like sb. to do sth. 喜歡某人做某事
  21. mean sb. to do sth. 計劃要某人做某事
  22. need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事
  23. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
  24. permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
  25. persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事
  26. prefer sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事
  27. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
  28. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
  29. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
  30. tell sb. to do sth. 告訴/讓某人做某事
  31. train sb. to do sth. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事
  32. trouble sb. to do sth. 麻煩某人做某事
  33. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
  34. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
  35. wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
五、可接動詞原形做賓補的11個動詞
1. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
2. watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做了某事
3. notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事
4. observe sb. do sth. 觀察到某人做了某事
5. look at sb. do sth. 看著某人做了某事
6. hear sb. do sth. 聽到某人做了某事
7. listen to sb. do sth. 聽著某人做了某事
8. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
9. let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
10. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
11. feel sb. do sth. 感覺某人做了某事
9.動詞詞義辨析
【概念】
動詞:動詞是用來表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞.在句子中做謂語,說明主語"是什么"、"做什么"或"怎么樣"的詞.通過動詞的變化,可以知道動作發(fā)生的時間、說話人的語氣、態(tài)度.
【考查內(nèi)容】
①詞形相近的動詞間的辨析.如remind/remember; rise/raise; hang/hung…
例1:Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?
I'm Daniel.(  )
A.remind B.receive C.respect D.remember
分析:對不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下嗎?
我是Daniel.
解答:答案:A.
remind提醒;receive收到;respect尊重;remember記得.根據(jù)Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?I'm Daniel.可知,句意是"對不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下嗎?"根據(jù)下面的回答I'm Daniel.可推測句意是"提醒一下".故選A.
點評:本題考查動詞詞義辨析.解答時注意根據(jù)句意以及所給選項的意思作答.

②詞義相近的動詞間的辨析.如took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend;speak/say/talk.
例2:Wow,your sweater is very beautiful!
Thank you.I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.( ?。?br /> A.took B.cost C.paid D.spent.
分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!謝謝.我兩天前買的.它花費了我50美元.
解答:答案:B.
It takes sb some time to do sth.花費某人多長時間做某事.人+spend+時間/金錢+(in) doing sth表示某人花費時間/金錢做某事.人+spend+時間/金錢+on+名詞,表示某人在某物上花費時間/金錢.sth costs sb+金錢,表示某物花了某人多少錢.人+pay+錢+for,表示為某物付錢.根據(jù)題干I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.可知這是某物花了某人多少錢,即sth costs sb+金錢,故選B.
點評:了解每個選項的含義是做好詞類題型的關(guān)鍵,還要從句意桌搜,根據(jù)句意作答,所以平時的學(xué)習(xí)中要多積累詞匯,才能很好的完成.

③意義不同,但容易混淆的動詞的辨析.如find/find out;take/leave;explain/say…
例3:Can you ____a message?Yes.Please ask Tom to ring me back.(  )
A.give B.take C.leave.
分析:你能幫我?guī)€口信嗎?可以.請讓湯姆給我回電話.
解答:答案:B.
句意"你能幫我?guī)€口信嗎?可以.請讓湯姆給我回電話."give給,take帶,leave離開.take a message帶個口信,固定搭配,故選B.
點評:動詞是表示動作或者狀態(tài)的詞,要結(jié)合語境,注意時態(tài)、人稱等的變化,掌握常用的固定搭配.

【解題方法點撥】
①分析詞義,根據(jù)上下句意思進(jìn)行選擇.
②根據(jù)常用動詞的用法進(jìn)行篩選.
③根據(jù)動詞的固定短語用法,進(jìn)行篩選.
④分析句子時態(tài),選擇動詞的正確形式作答.
【中考命題方向】
中考英語試題常考查動詞的詞義辨析、意義相近但容易混淆的動詞、常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法、常用動詞短語.這些是考查的重點.
10.動詞短語
【概念】
動詞短語:
動詞短語就是有些動詞可以和一些別的詞構(gòu)成短語(以動詞為中心),表達(dá)一個概念,其作用和一個單獨動詞差不多的一種固定搭配.在實際使用中,通常會把動詞短語當(dāng)成一個整體.
【用法】
(1)動詞+副詞:
在"動詞+副詞"的詞組中賓語位置有兩種情況:賓語如是名詞,則可置于副詞后面,亦可置于動詞和副詞之間.而如果賓語是代詞,只能置于動詞后面,即動詞和副詞之間.
例:First put some salt into the water and then.( ?。?br /> A.mix them up B.mix up them C.mix it up D.mix up it
分析:首先放一些鹽在水里,然后攪拌它們.
解答:分析句子,結(jié)合選項,推測意思是首先放一些鹽在水里,然后攪拌它們.這里salt是不可數(shù)名詞,用it指代,放在中間,故選C.
(2)動詞+副詞+介詞:
在這類動詞短語中,動詞、副詞、介詞緊密結(jié)合,是動副詞組和動介詞組的合成體,詞義上相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞.它兼有以上兩類短語動詞的特點,但賓語總是位于介詞之后.
例:She is planning her project.Let's help her ____some good ideas.( ?。?br /> A.come out B.come up C.come up with D.catch up with
分析:她正在計劃她的項目,讓我們幫助她想出一些好主意.
解答:come out出來,出現(xiàn),出版,come up發(fā)生,上來,come up with想出,catch up with追上,趕上;結(jié)合句意"她正在計劃她的項目,讓我們幫助她想出一些好主意."可知,要用是一般現(xiàn)在時,help后面跟動詞原形,故答案為C.其它三個選項語意不通.
(3)動詞+名詞:
這類動詞短語中的常見動詞是have,take,give,make等,后面的名詞通常是從動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動作名詞,并表達(dá)了短語動詞的真正意義.
例:The old man _____,and he wants to see a doctor now.( ?。?br /> A.has fever B.have a fever C.has a fever D.has fevers
分析:這位老人發(fā)燒了,他現(xiàn)在想去看醫(yī)生.
解答:考查動詞短語.have a fever是固定短語,意思是"發(fā)燒";結(jié)合句意"這位老人發(fā)燒,他現(xiàn)在想去看醫(yī)生."可知,要用是一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故答案為C.
(4)be+形容詞+介詞:
be+形容詞(包括過去分詞作形容詞)+介詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞,賓語位于介詞后面,形容詞是短語動詞的真正詞義.
例:This pair of shoes_____hand.( ?。?br /> A.is made with B.a(chǎn)re made from C.a(chǎn)re made of D.is made by
分析:這雙鞋是手工做的.
解答:考查動詞短語.A用.什么東西制造.B.由…制造(看不出原材料).C.由…制造(看出原材料).D.由…制造(由某人).結(jié)合語境"這雙鞋是手工做的.".可知,由雙手制造,用is made by.選D.
【中考命題方向】
中考英語試題常考查動詞短語的用法,意義相近的動詞短語、但容易混淆的短語、常用動詞短語.這些是考查的重點.
11.介詞短語
【概念】
①介詞短語:
指由介詞+介詞、介詞+名詞、介詞+分詞、介詞+動詞、介詞+形容詞、介詞+副詞等構(gòu)成的短語.常用的有:according to, along with, in front of, by means of, in spite of, together with, with regard to等.
②概念點撥:
介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構(gòu)成,本身可作句子成分,如定語或狀語等,可單獨使用;介詞與其他詞類或成分結(jié)合后方能在句子中充當(dāng)語法成分,構(gòu)成介詞短語.
【用法】
介詞短語可以作定語(須后置)、狀語、表語、賓語補足語、另一個介詞的賓語,間或作主語等.例如:
①作定語
The skyscraper in the distance is a five﹣star hotel.(定語)
The old thing _____are all three _____years old.(  )
A.on show, hundred
B.for showing, hundreds of
C.on show, hundreds
分析:這些展出的古老的東西都三百年了.
解答:on show 展出,介詞短語做后置定語,三百年three hundred years,hundreds of意思是"數(shù)以百計的",結(jié)合句意"這些展出的古老的東西都三百年了."可知,答案為A.
②做狀語
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(狀語)
Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech.( ?。?br /> A.in pubic
B.in total
C.in common
分析:Grace在公眾場合演講前經(jīng)常緊張.
解答:結(jié)合語境Grace often gets nervous 可以推斷這句話表達(dá)的意思是"Grace在公眾場合演講前經(jīng)常緊張.",所以設(shè)空處的介詞短語表達(dá)的意思是"在公眾場合",應(yīng)該用 in public,in total"總共",in common"共有"都不符合句意,故選A
點評:英語介詞的一個特點是一詞多義,并且介詞間語義交叉現(xiàn)象很多,習(xí)慣用法也很多,有時很難從詞義上區(qū)分開來.故學(xué)習(xí)中要注意不斷總結(jié),熟記一些介詞和動詞的固定搭配用法及習(xí)慣用法,是完成此類問題的捷徑.
③作表語
The decision is of great importance to me.(表語)
Most of the wild animals are _____because of their bad living environment.
﹣So we must do something to save them.(  )
A.in need
B.on duty
C.a(chǎn)t work
D.in danger
分析﹣﹣大多數(shù)野生動物由于惡劣的生存條件而處在瀕危之中.
﹣﹣所以我們必須采取措施拯救它們.
解答:首先明確選項中每個單詞或短語的意思,A:需要;B:值日;C:在工作;D:處于危險中;根據(jù)題干結(jié)合推測設(shè)空處句子的句意是"大多數(shù)野生動物由于惡劣的生存條件而處在瀕危之中.",由此判斷句子中缺少"處于危險中"一詞,故答案為D.
④做賓語補足語
They found the machine in a bad state.(賓語補足語)
When we get on the bus,we should wait____.( ?。?br /> A.in a line
B.with a line
C.in line
D.on line
分析:當(dāng)我們上車的時候,我們應(yīng)該排隊等候.
解答:根據(jù)When we get on the bus,可知當(dāng)我們上車的時候,我們應(yīng)該排隊等候.排隊等候應(yīng)該用wait in line表示.故選C.
⑤做主語
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主語)
____the students in this primary school is about four thousand,and_____ of them are from Xi'an.(  )
A.A number of; the number of
B.The number of; a number of
C.The number of; the number of
D.A number of; a number of
分析這個小學(xué)的學(xué)生數(shù)大約是四千,他們當(dāng)中很多人來自西安.
解答:首先明確選項中涉及到的單詞或短語的意思和用法,a number of 意思是"許多"修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),the number of 意思是"…的數(shù)量",作主語視為單數(shù),本題中,結(jié)合語境推測句意是"這個小學(xué)的學(xué)生數(shù)大約是四千,他們當(dāng)中很多人來自西安.",故答案為B.
【中考命題方向】
中考英語試題??疾榻樵~短語的用法,容易混淆的介詞短語.英語介詞的一個特點是一詞多義,并且介詞間語義交叉現(xiàn)象很多,習(xí)慣用法也很多,有時很難從詞義上區(qū)分開來.故學(xué)習(xí)中要注意不斷總結(jié),熟記一些介詞短語的固定搭配及習(xí)慣用法.這些是考查的重點.
12.一般過去時
【概念】
(1)時態(tài)
時態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,分為時間和狀態(tài).時間即過去、現(xiàn)在、未來.態(tài)有一般狀態(tài)、進(jìn)行狀態(tài)、完成狀態(tài)、完成進(jìn)行狀態(tài).它是表示行為、動作、狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式.
(2)一般過去時
一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為,過去主語所具備的能力和性格.
【結(jié)構(gòu)】
(1)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語(動詞過去式)+句子其他成分.
He did his homework yesterday.
(2)主系表結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was/were+其它.
She was a student ten years ago.
There were many flowers 2 days ago.
【用法】
(1)一般過去時,表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的非持續(xù)性動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作.用動詞的過去式表示,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,last night,in+過去的年份,two days ago,before,the age of等.
He ____a book yesterday.It ____him 50 yuan.
A.bought,paid B.spent,took
C.paid,spent D.bought,cost
分析:昨天他買了一本書,它花了他50元.
解答:D.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞yesterday可知,本句是一般過去時態(tài),bought,買,是瞬間動詞,表示過去的動作;第二個空it做主語,代指a book,所以動詞用cost.故選D.
點評:本題考查動詞的時態(tài),解決此類問題是根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞和標(biāo)志詞來確定動詞的形式,在不同的語言環(huán)境中達(dá)到熟練掌握的目的.

(2)一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常和often,always等表示頻率的時間狀語連用.表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格.
Dad,did you ride a bike to school when you _________ a boy?No,my family was poor,so I usually _________ to school on foot.(  )
A.a(chǎn)re,go B.were,go C.was,went D.were,went
分析:﹣﹣﹣爸爸,當(dāng)你是個小孩的時候你騎車去上學(xué)嗎?
﹣﹣﹣不,我家里窮,所以我經(jīng)常走路上學(xué).
解答:D.結(jié)合句意是表達(dá)的過去的事情用一般過去時,主語you,故were,主語I,故went,故答案是D.
點評:一般過去時,表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的非持續(xù)性動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作.用動詞的過去式表示,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,例如:yesterday,last night,in+過去的年份,two days ago,before,the age of,the day before yesterday等.
【易混淆點】
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
(1)一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作.說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情,不強調(diào)對"現(xiàn)在"產(chǎn)生的影響.如:

(2)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果.不與確定的過去時間狀語連用.如:
How long____?
Let me see.We ____in 2008,that is,for 7 years.( ?。?br /> A.have you been married,have married
B.have you got married,got married
C.did you get married,married
D.have you been married,got married
分析:
﹣﹣﹣﹣你們結(jié)婚多久了?
﹣﹣﹣﹣讓我想想.我們2008年結(jié)婚,也就是,七年了.
解答:D.
how long表示多久,根據(jù)句意可知get married動作發(fā)生在過去,持續(xù)了一段時間故用現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞,主語you,get married是短暫性動詞不能與how long連用,換成be married表示狀態(tài),be的過去分詞been,故How long have you been married?結(jié)合時間狀語in 2008是過去的時間,故用一般過去時,get的過去式got,故答案是D.
點評:動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞. 延續(xù)性動詞可以與以since,for,how long等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語連用. 例如:He has lived here for 6 years.How long did you stay there last year?
短暫性動詞也稱終止性動詞、非延續(xù)性動詞或瞬間動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束.如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,join,borrow,lend,buy,arrive,reach,start,marry,end等.
13.感嘆句
【概念】
用來表示說話人強烈的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情的句子叫感嘆句,一般用what和how引導(dǎo).讀時用降調(diào),句末用感嘆號.what修飾名詞;how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子.
【結(jié)構(gòu)】
1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
①what+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!
②what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!
2.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
①how+形容詞/副詞(+主語+謂語)!
②how+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!
③how+主語+謂語!
3.兩種感嘆句的互換
"how+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!"形式的感嘆句可以與"what+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(+主語+謂語)!
"形式的感嘆句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,且意義不變.如:
How long a way it is from Shanghai to London!=What a long way it is from Shanghai to London!從上海到倫敦是多么長的一段路程?。?br /> 【解題方法點撥】
區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)還是how引導(dǎo):
感嘆句要看后面,即看形容詞后的成分.
(1)若形容詞后緊跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),就用what a/an;是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),只用what.
(2)若形容詞后緊跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom's等成分,就用how.
例:(2018湖北)It is reported that a kind of new smart phones can test the air quality(質(zhì)量)around you.
﹣﹣﹣__________fast the technology develops! ( ?。?br /> A.What B.What C.How D.How a
【考點】感嘆句
【分析】據(jù)報道,一種新型智能手機可以測試你周圍的空氣質(zhì)量.
﹣﹣技術(shù)發(fā)展得多么快??!
【解答】根據(jù)fast the technology develops!可知這里考查了感嘆句,本句的中心詞是fast ,它是一個形容詞,根據(jù)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!故選:C.
【點評】本題考查了感嘆句的用法.解答時需注意感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!
14.疑問詞組
【概念】
由特殊疑問詞what, how等和一些詞一起構(gòu)成的表示疑問的詞組,就叫疑問詞組.
【結(jié)構(gòu)】
1. what詞組
what time什么時間 what color 什么顏色what day 星期幾what class幾班what…for…為什么 例句:What time do you get up?
2.how詞組
how old幾歲,how many多少,how much多少(錢),how long多長(時間),how soon多久,how often多久一次how far多遠(yuǎn),how about…怎么樣,例句:How old is your friend?
﹣﹣﹣You play the piano so well.________ do you take piano lessons?
﹣﹣﹣I go to piano lessons twice a week.
A.How long
B.How many
C.How often
D.How much
考點:疑問詞組 以how為中心的詞組
分析:﹣鋼琴彈的如此的好.你多久上一次鋼琴課?
﹣我一周上兩次鋼琴課.
解答:C.結(jié)合下文是說我一周上兩次鋼琴課,是說頻率,故用疑問詞how often多久一次,how long表示多久,how many 多少,how much 多少,多少錢,故選C.
點評:how long用來提問"多長時間",對"一段時間的長短"提問時用,與延續(xù)性動詞連用;how often用來提問某動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的頻率,對"一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生了幾次活動"(always,usually,often,never或twice a day等表示頻度的詞或短語)提問時用;how soon用來提問某人要"多快"能做好某事,或某事要"多快"能完成,對"過多少時間(就能…)"(in短語)提問時用,常用于將來時.而how far意思是"多遠(yuǎn)",對距離提問時用.
【易混淆點】
1.how many與how much
how many問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量,常將可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)緊隨其后.例如:
A: How many glasses of milk would you like?
How much詢問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,常將不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)緊隨其后,還可詢問物品的價格.例如:
A: How much yogurt do you need?
B: One spoon.
A: How much is the purse?
B: $5.
2.how long, how soon, how often
how long提問物體的長度、時間的長短.
A: How long is the Changjiang River?
B: 6,200km
A: How long did you stay in Beijing?
B: For 7 days
how soon 對 "in+一段時間 "提問, 表示"多久之后".
A: How soon will he arrive?
B: In 2 hours.
how often對表示頻率的副詞或短語提問.
A: How often does Mrs. Green go shopping?
B: Every day.
【解題方法點撥】
根據(jù)下文看答語是什么,提問就清楚用什么疑問詞組了,如答語是距離,那么肯定用how far 來提問了.
【中考命題方向】
在中考中,疑問詞組常出現(xiàn)在聽力、單項選擇、閱讀理解、任務(wù)型閱讀和句型轉(zhuǎn)換等中,需要大家熟練掌握.
15.賓語從句
【概念】
(1)賓語從句:賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種.賓語從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語,位于及物動詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.但是在初中階段,主要要求學(xué)生掌握動詞的賓語從句.
例如:
John said that he was good at swimming.
約翰說他擅長游泳.
My teacher asked me why I was late for school.
我的老師問我為什么上學(xué)遲到了.
(2)連接詞
引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞分為:從屬連詞,連接代詞、連接副詞.
①從屬連詞:that,whether,if.
②連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever.
③連接副詞:when,where,why,how,whenever,however.
【用法】
(1)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
①由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句.用在如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等動詞后.連詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不做句子的成分,也無詞匯意義,在口語中常被省略.例如:
The radio says (that) it will be cloudy tomorrow.
無線電報道明天將要陰天.
Tom's mother told him (that) Mary was a good girl.
湯姆的媽媽告訴他瑪麗是個好姑娘.
②由連詞if、whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.if、whether主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句,從句同樣是陳述語序.whether,if 意思是"是否",在從句中不做句子的成分,一般情況下,whether和if 可以替換.例如:
I don't know if/whether the sports meeting will be put off.
我不知道是否運動會將會推遲.
The teacher asked if/whether they could hand in their homework on time.
老師問是否他們能準(zhǔn)時交上作業(yè).
③以連接代詞which,what,who等或連接副詞how,where,why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句要用陳述語序.例如:
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告訴了你什么.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好.
(2)賓語從句的時態(tài)
①當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)、或一般將來時態(tài)時,從句可用所需要的任何時態(tài).例如:
I want to know what time he got up this morning.
我想知道他今天早上什么時候起床的.
I know she has studied English since 2010.
我知道她自從2010年以來已經(jīng)學(xué)英語了.
②當(dāng)主句為一般過去時態(tài)時,從句要用于過去有關(guān)的時態(tài).例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
老師告訴我們湯姆已經(jīng)離開我們?nèi)ッ绹耍?br /> He asked what Jim was doing now.
他問吉姆現(xiàn)在在做什么.
③當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時,賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時.例如:
My brother asked whether light travels faster than sound.
我弟弟問光是否比聲音傳播得快.
Mary said no news is a good news.
瑪麗說沒有消息就是好消息.
【易混淆點】
★注意:一般情況下,whether 和if 可以互用,但有些情況例外.
①當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓語時,只用whether不用if.
We are talking about whether we'll go shopping.
我們正在談?wù)撐覀兪欠駥⑷ベ徫铮?br /> ②引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not連用時,只用whether.
Please let me know what we can do next.
請讓我知道我們下一步能做什么.
Could you tell me whether you have a beautiful dog or not?
你能告訴我你是否你又一條漂亮的狗嗎?
③if當(dāng)如果講時,引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,這時不能用whether.
We can go by bus if it rains heavily tomorrow.
如果明天下大雨,我們可以乘公交車去.
【解題方法點撥】
1、牢記所有的賓語從句要陳述語序,這也是考試的重點和難點.例如:
①The teacher asked the students ________.
A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born
C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted
答案:A 解析:賓語從句中從句應(yīng)保持陳述語序,答案B首先刪去,主句一般過去式,從句要用于過去有關(guān)的時態(tài),刪去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意為如果.
②It makes no difference __________.
A.whether will you come tomorrow.
B.Whether or not will be pass the exam
C.If he will come to the meeting or not
D.Whether he will come to the meeting or not
答案:D 解析:答案A和B從句不是陳述語序先刪掉,if不能與not連用.因此此題選D.
2、根據(jù)主句的時態(tài),正確使用賓語從句的時態(tài).例如:
①We didn't know which room ________.
A.he lived B.he lived in C.did he live D.he lives in
答案:B 解析:主句是一般過去時態(tài),從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),排除D;賓語從句要用陳述語序,排除C;live是不及物動詞,不能省略介詞in,排除A.故選 B.
②Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.
A.went B.turned C.go D.turns
答案:D 解析:從句是一個客觀真理,因此從句的時態(tài)不受主句影響.故選 D.
3、準(zhǔn)確把握賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞.例如:
①He asked me _______ I could sing the song"My Heart will Go On."
A.if B.weather C.what D.that
答案:A 解析:此句應(yīng)選含有疑問意思的關(guān)系代詞,故刪去D;weather 意為天氣,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A.
②I am sure _______ you said is true.
A.what B.that C.which D.who
答案:A 解析:根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用what,做said 的內(nèi)容,意思是"你所說的話".故選A.
【中考命題方向】
賓語從句在中考是考查的重點,主要考查引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞的選擇,賓語從句的語序,賓語從句的時態(tài)三個方面.考查方式靈活多樣,經(jīng)常以單項選擇、完形填空、動詞填空、完成句子的形式考查,甚至?xí)姹磉_(dá)也可以考查賓語從句.
16.情境對話
【考查能力介紹】
①情境對話的常見考查形式有聽力理解、單項選擇、情景反應(yīng)、分欄進(jìn)行情景配對等.
②情境對話主要考查英語的日常用語、習(xí)慣用語以及各種場合的交際性語言,并從實際出發(fā),考查交際語言的運用能力.
【解題方法點撥】
①對于聽力理解,我們需要在聽錄音之前熟悉所給材料,根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容做出預(yù)判,從而在聽錄音時能快速抓住關(guān)鍵詞,做出迅速正確的反應(yīng).
②對于單項選擇題,我們需要:首先,讀懂題干,理解對話的交際場合和交際意圖,從而明確答題方向;其次,結(jié)合選項和上下文語境,確認(rèn)符合語境的回答方式.
③對于情景反應(yīng)題,我們要根據(jù)已給出的對話情境,結(jié)合所學(xué)話題相關(guān)知識來填寫正確的符合情境的句子.
④對于分欄搭配題,我們可以先易后難,用排除法先選出自己已經(jīng)確定對應(yīng)交際用語的選項,把不確定選項留到最后,以免出現(xiàn)連環(huán)錯誤.
解題步驟(以題為例)
﹣Thank you for helping me with my English.
﹣_______. I hope you can do better in it.( ?。?br /> A.Good idea B.See you C.I'm not sure D.You're welcome
考點:情境對話.
分析:﹣﹣謝謝你幫我學(xué)英語.
﹣﹣不用謝.我希望你能學(xué)得更好.
解答:A好主意,B再見,C我不確定,D不用謝;根據(jù)前句"謝謝你幫我學(xué)英語"和后句"我希望你能學(xué)得更好"可知,要用"不用謝",其它選項語意不通.故選:D.
點評:考查情境對話,要根據(jù)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,用正確的單詞和短語、恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫秃蜏?zhǔn)確的時態(tài).

你想知道現(xiàn)在幾點,可以這樣問: ?
考點:情境對話.
解答:這是一個情景反應(yīng)題.題目已給出了對話情境"你想知道現(xiàn)在幾點,可以這樣問",根據(jù)對話情境可知這里要問"現(xiàn)在幾點了",根據(jù)所學(xué)交際用語可以答題:What time is it?
【解題技巧】
在情境對話中答題中,我們要注意"三從""五忌"答題策略的應(yīng)用:
①"三從"是指遵從禮貌原則、利他原則和跨文化交際原則;
②"五忌"是指忌簡單照搬、忌中文思維、忌直接拒絕、忌答非所問、忌從字面理解.
【中考命題方向】
英語的交際性和實用性是中考考查的熱點和難點,近年來中考交際英語中情境對話的比重有所加大.命題時常根據(jù)日常交際用語及應(yīng)答結(jié)合具體語境綜合設(shè)題,但都在大綱要求的交際用語項目之內(nèi),只要平時注意積累,就不難解答.
17.記敘文
【概念及特點】
完形填空題就是在一篇短文中空出某些詞(或短語),每個空白處提供四個選項,要求從中選出一個最佳答案,使短文意思完整、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、無語法錯誤的題型.
完形填空是在單項填空的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的介于單項填空和閱讀理解之間的一種題型.它題材廣泛,體裁多樣.文章內(nèi)容新穎、有趣、可讀性強,具有鮮明的時代感,包括社會生活、風(fēng)土人情、人文環(huán)境、人物傳記等.而夾敘夾議型文章成為近幾年完形填空變化的一個特點.篇章大多有10或15個小題,難度符合《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求.
完形填空題的特點:
1、完形填空題能夠較為全面地考查學(xué)生綜合運用語言知識的能力.這一題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為:
(1)語言知識型.考查語言基礎(chǔ)知識,如固定短語、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法、單詞在一定語境下的具體應(yīng)用、習(xí)慣用法、常用搭配等.
(2)推理判斷型.考查對篇章的整體理解和推理判斷能力.
(3)綜合型.綜合考查知識和能力.
2.完形填空題所選文章有以下兩大特點:
(1)所選文章是一個有機的整體盡管看起來形式上有殘缺(若干個空),但它的內(nèi)容、句與句之間的銜接點、句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系、段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍存在于篇章之中.
(2)文章選材廣泛
近幾年在試題設(shè)計上選擇了學(xué)生感興趣的熱門話題,降低了對單詞本身詞義及語法的考查,注重上下文聯(lián)系,突出綜合運用英語的能力,全面測試考生的閱讀理解能力、邏輯思維能力、邏輯分析能力和推理判斷能力.因此,考生做完形填空題時,要快速通讀全文,理解文章大意與各段落的中心意思,把握文章脈絡(luò)和作者的寫作意圖.
【命題趨勢】
完形填空題的兩空之間一般相隔7﹣10個詞,短文第一個句子作為提示句,一般不設(shè)空,并且短文被刪去的詞多是實詞(動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞)為主,而虛詞(介詞、連詞、冠詞)相對較少,甚至不設(shè)空.其特點如下:
1.以考查實詞為主
信息詞匯(或通常所說的"實詞")比重極大,且有逐年增加的趨勢.
2.降低了對單詞本身詞義的考查要求
突出該題型的主要測試目的:理解全文,通篇考慮,掌握大意,注意關(guān)聯(lián).
3.增加了考查連詞的題
考查考生對于行文邏輯的掌握及對文句之間關(guān)聯(lián)性的理解.
4.注重結(jié)合語境考查對詞語用法的掌握
主要涉及兩個方面:詞義辨析與習(xí)慣搭配.同義詞與近義詞的比較分辨應(yīng)當(dāng)放到一定的語境之中才有意義.如果只是一一對應(yīng)地記單詞的中文意思,不注意具體語境中單詞的確切含義,是難以分辨一些詞的細(xì)微差異的.
【解題步驟】
1.通讀全文,了解大意
做題之前,必須先瀏覽全文,了解短文的大意,這是非常重要的一個步驟.通過短文所提供的信息,借助語感及相關(guān)知識的推斷,可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓.
完形填空題不同于單項填空題,單項填空題所給的是一個或兩個句子,根據(jù)設(shè)空句或前后語境就可以選出答案.而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文,答案的選擇要聯(lián)系整段或整篇文章.切勿為了省時而邊看邊填;否則,只會欲速則不達(dá).許多地方看不下去,選擇時或不解其意,或似懂非懂,從而舉棋不定,這樣不僅錯誤率高,而且費時費力.
每篇短文總有一定的主題思想,段落之間必須能承上啟下,前后呼應(yīng),句與句之間也一定緊密相連,形成一個有機的整體.因此通讀全文時要一氣呵成,不要中斷思路,只要能理解短文的大意即可.某些細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過,如果不影響答題,可以置之不理;如果與答題有關(guān),可等到第二步填空時再解決.另外,在閱讀時要特別注意一篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾,因為它們往往能夠提供主要的信息,有助于我們把握全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.
2.瞻前顧后,初選答案
在通讀全文,了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上,便可著手答題.根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配,并從上下文中找關(guān)鍵性暗示,注意前后對照,憑借語感先選出比較容易的答案.有些題目設(shè)計得很巧妙,由下文暗示上文,很有可能開頭的空格填入四個選項在語法上都成立,但正確選項要到文章末尾才能知道.反之亦然,文章末尾的空格有可能在上文找到提示性的內(nèi)容.
3.每空細(xì)讀,分析斟酌
逐句精讀,逐題分析選項,有少數(shù)空格需多方面地推敲分析,如詞義分析、語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析、上下文推理分析等,下面是從所給四個選項角度考慮的解題思路:
(1)若考查冠詞,則須依據(jù)短文空白后單詞的第一個音素來確定是用a還是an,根據(jù)空格后名詞是表示特指還是泛指來確定是用不定冠詞a/an還是用定冠詞the,或根據(jù)冠詞的習(xí)慣用法來確定.
(2)若是考查介詞或副詞(如up,out,of,away等)可先從固定搭配入手;若不屬于固定搭配,則根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及介詞和副詞的意義及用法仔細(xì)進(jìn)行推敲從而作出選擇.
(3)若四個選項是名詞,則須注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式、所有格形式等.
(4)如考查形容詞或副詞,則須根據(jù)其所在句中的作用以及它前面的修飾語等來確定是什么詞性,是應(yīng)用比較級還是最高級.
(5)如果考查動詞,要么考查在特定語境中動詞詞義的辨析,要么考查某些固定搭配或時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞形式等.
(6)若選項是連接詞、關(guān)系詞或連詞,則應(yīng)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的意思決定是選擇連接(關(guān)系)代詞還是連接(關(guān)系)副詞.也可從連詞的一些慣用法或固定搭配等入手,如not.…until、as.…as、not so…as或用because不用so、用but不用though等.
4.復(fù)核全文,清除疏漏
所有的答案選出之后,應(yīng)再次通讀全文,對所選的答案進(jìn)行核實調(diào)整,經(jīng)過第三步的逐句推敲之后,對短文內(nèi)容的理解更為深刻,最初選擇時有些難解或誤解的問題這時就很容易判斷,從而也就能得到更好的解決.這一步費時不多卻很有必要.
【注意事項】
1.重視首尾句
完形填空所選的短文一般無標(biāo)題,但首句通常不設(shè)空格,它很可能是文章開篇的重要交代,為預(yù)測短文體裁及全文大意提供重要信息.尾句往往是段落的靈魂.首尾句往往是文章的主題句,在主題句中,一般可能出現(xiàn)文章的背景知識,故事性文章的時間、地點、人物、事件等,抓住并理解主題句對統(tǒng)觀全文有很大的幫助.
2.先易后難
首先做那些只要根據(jù)上下文就能確定答案的直接的、明顯的題目,即考查固定詞組、常見句型或明顯的語法結(jié)構(gòu)等的題目.對于生疏的人名、地名以及次要的修飾詞可暫時擱置一旁,這些東西往往紛雜、累贅,甚至令人厭煩,可盡量繞開它們.假如某個空格太難而一時拿不準(zhǔn)選哪一個,可先把它放在一邊進(jìn)行"冷卻",把容易做的全部做好,這樣就增強了信心,同時也降低了試題的難度,原來的難題也就不攻自破了.
3.巧斷生詞
如果句子中有個別生詞,要通過上下文或構(gòu)詞法知識來推斷它的詞義."熟詞新義"的情況有時也會碰到,要注意靈活處理.有時,生詞對解題根本沒什么影響,所以碰到生詞大可不必緊張.
4.以長補短,靈活作答
有的同學(xué)英語背景知識豐富,有的語感好,有的語法知識比較扎實,有的邏輯推理能力較強.總之要充分發(fā)揮自己的特長,以長補短,靈活作答,綜合判斷.
5.充滿信心,集中精力
答題時頭腦中切忌出現(xiàn)自己"解不出""做不完""看不懂"等壞信號.集中精力可使答題一氣呵成,既有利于答題效率的提高,又能保證答題的準(zhǔn)確性.
【解題方法】
1、利用語境及邏輯關(guān)系解題
完形填空的文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),層次分明,句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間、上文與下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系很強.有些選項,不僅要符合語法的要求,更要符合語境及邏輯關(guān)系.如:
(2018鹽城)I have had a long career as a nurse. I have met many patients. 28 _, I have never met another girl like Katy.
28. A. Instead B. Besides C.Therefore D. However
Instead代替;而不是,替代關(guān)系;Besides除此之外,遞進(jìn)關(guān)系;Therefore因此,因果關(guān)系However然而,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系.根據(jù)上文 "I have many patients."以及下文 "I have never met another girl like Katy" 根據(jù)前后的邏輯關(guān)系,此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,表示雖然見過很多病人,但是從沒見過像Katy這樣的女孩.這樣就選出答案D項.
2、利用固定搭配解題
完形填空題中對詞匯知識的考查主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩方面.習(xí)慣用法是英語中某種固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài),不能隨意改動.所以,考生平時應(yīng)掌握好習(xí)慣用法.對詞義辨析題的考查有加大力度的趨勢.要做好這類題,需要有較大的詞匯量、掌握詞語搭配知識并具有詞語辨析的能力,特別:是在特定的語境中能靈活運用的能力.如:
(2018揚州)For a couple of days afterward, Max 25 a new title for me.
25. A. worked out B. turned out C. carried out D. tried out
work out意為 "得出";turn out意為"結(jié)果是";carry out意為 "執(zhí)行";try out意為 "嘗試",符合句意 "后來的幾天,馬克斯試圖用新頭銜稱呼我."所以此題只要對這些短語加以辨析就能找到答案B.
3、利用上下文或復(fù)現(xiàn)信息解題
語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、釋義復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等.因此,利用上下文尋找復(fù)現(xiàn)信息能幫助考生盡快確定答案.
(2017南通) Just as he had thrown down his wood, he heard his mother's weak voice from her bedroom. "I am 29 , and longing for some tea."
29. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sleepy D. busy
四個備選選項都能作表語,語法上沒有錯誤,但如果讀到后一句的longing for some tea,就能通過這種釋義復(fù)現(xiàn)的方式看出媽媽要喝水,口渴的,這樣就能選出答案A.
4、利用背景及常識解題
完形填空試題正朝著語言交際化、情景生活化、詞匯運用靈活化的方向發(fā)展,語言運用與情景交際融為一體.因此解題時,考生的英語語言知識和其他方面的知識都發(fā)揮著重要的作用.
考生可充分對自己已掌握的文化背景、社會經(jīng)驗及生活常識巧妙地加以運用,這樣將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程,節(jié)省寶貴的時間,順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去.如:
(2018泰州) Last autumn, my 80﹣year﹣old grandmother was having problems with her heart. My family sent her to the 16 .
After a careful examination, a famous doctor told my grandmother, "You have such a 17_____ heart condition that you should have an operation."
16. A. park B. hotel C. restaurant D. hospital
17. A. wonderful B. serious C. difficult D. proper
這兩個小題都可以利用生活常識來解題.一般來說,人們身體出現(xiàn)問題,都送去醫(yī)院,hospital符合題意;而奶奶需要一臺手術(shù),證明心臟病情是嚴(yán)重的,serious符合題意.因此,只要對備選選項的詞義有基本的了解,答案就很容易選出.
總之,考生要在"讀﹣填﹣讀"的過程中遵循以下方針:抓住首句,跳過空格,通讀全文,掌握大意;理解詞義,瞻前顧后,先易后難,逐個突破;重讀全文,個個審核,驗證答案,戰(zhàn)勝自我.
18.人物故事類閱讀
【考查類型】
(1)閱讀理解考查類型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中細(xì)節(jié)
3.詞義猜測
4.推理判斷.
(2)文中細(xì)節(jié)的考查類型:
1.直接信息題
2.間接信息題
3.綜合信息題.
【解題方法】
1.直接信息題:
直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目.
2.間接信息題:
間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換.
3.綜合信息題:
綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章起義.
【常見的提問方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
19.廣告布告類閱讀
【考查類型】
(1)閱讀理解考查類型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中細(xì)節(jié)
3.詞義猜測
4.推理判斷.
(2)文中細(xì)節(jié)的考查類型:
1.直接信息題
2.間接信息題
3.綜合信息題.
【解題方法】
1.直接信息題:
直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目.
2.間接信息題:
間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換.
3.綜合信息題:
綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章起義.
【常見的提問方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
20.新聞報道類閱讀
【考查類型】
(1)閱讀理解考查類型:
1.主旨大意
2.文中細(xì)節(jié)
3.詞義猜測
4.推理判斷.
(2)文中細(xì)節(jié)的考查類型:
1.直接信息題
2.間接信息題
3.綜合信息題.
【解題方法】
1.直接信息題:
直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目.
2.間接信息題:
間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換.
3.綜合信息題:
綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章起義.
【常見的提問方式】
1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
21.閱讀表達(dá)
【考查能力介紹】
①閱讀表達(dá)即根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題,是閱讀理解的一個重要題型.此題為5個問題,一般比較簡單,多數(shù)為細(xì)節(jié)理解題,答案能在原文中找到出處;也有開放性題目,往往需要概括文章主旨大意.
②閱讀表達(dá)題往往從不同的角度命題,既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力,也考查他們的英語表達(dá)能力和概括能力,另外,對回答的拼寫、語法的正確性的也有較高的要求.
【解題方法點撥】
①通讀全文,弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本觀點、態(tài)度.
②根據(jù)問題去尋找答案,避免答非所問.
③簡練作答,不要畫蛇添足.組織答案時,注意避免語言錯誤,如:時態(tài)、主謂一致、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和拼寫等.
④認(rèn)真核查,逐一檢查所填的詞是否符合原文主旨和細(xì)節(jié),是否答非所問,是否仍存在語法、詞匯拼寫等錯誤,如果對字?jǐn)?shù)有要求,是否符合要求.
⑤答案形式要符合提問方式,如原文中提問方式為"why",那么就要用"because"引導(dǎo)的從句來回答.
解題步驟(以題目為例)
One day,Peter had a fight with one of his classmates.Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story angrily."He is really bad,"the boy said,"and I hate him."
The grandfather said,"Let me tell you a story.When I was a boy,I also sometimes hated others for what they did."
As Peter listened carefully,the grandfather went on."There are always two tigers inside my heart.One is good and kind.He gets on well with everything around him.But the other is bad and unfriendly.Even the smallest thing will make him angry.He fights with everyone all the time,and for no reason.He can't think carefully because he always hates others.It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart.They both try to control (控制) me."
Peter looked into his grandfather's eyes and asked,"Which tiger always controls you,grandfather?"
The old man said slowly and seriously,"The one that I feed.I always feed the good and kind tiger,so I never hate others and seldom (很少) get angry now."
閱讀表達(dá).閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問題.
(1)What's wrong with Peter?
(2)Who did Peter tell his problems to?
(3)How many tigers are there in the grandfather's heart?
(4)Is it easy to live with these two tigers?
(5)Why does the old man never hate others and seldom get angry?
題目(1)問彼得怎么了,細(xì)讀原文可得出答案"He had a fight with one of his classmates.",因問句中有提到彼得,答句中不能用原文直接回答,需變主語為代詞避免重復(fù).
題目(2)問彼得把他的問題告訴誰了,抓住中心詞who,回答時只需答出這個人即可,根據(jù)原文可知應(yīng)答"His grandfather.".
題目(3)問祖父的心中有多少只老虎,對how many的回答需要用數(shù)字,根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)"There are always two tigers inside my heart."可知要答"Two.".
題目(4)是個一般疑問句,回答時用Yes, it it.或No, it isn't.,根據(jù)文中細(xì)節(jié)"It is difficult to …"可知應(yīng)該用否定回答.
題目(5)問為什么老人從不怨恨別人也很少生氣,用why提問,回答時要用because.根據(jù)末段老人的話可以知道答案"Because he always feed the good and kind tiger.".
從問題中找出關(guān)鍵詞在文章很容易尋出細(xì)節(jié)理解題的最佳答案.對于例題中沒有涉及的歸納概括題,解題時要關(guān)注語篇結(jié)構(gòu)(總﹣分、分﹣總、總﹣分﹣總),盡可能用原文中的關(guān)鍵詞語回答問題,但不能照抄原句,要對原文進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納.
【解題技巧】
答題時,要了解不同問題的回答方式.
①一般疑問句用Yes/No回答.
②選擇疑問句回答時不用Yes/No,需選擇其中正確的一部分來作答.
③回答特殊疑問句較為復(fù)雜,要注意問題與回答在形式上的對應(yīng):問目的,就用 for短語、不定式短語等來回答;問原因,就用 because of 短語或because 從句來回答;問方式,就用 By doing來回答;問時間、地點時,答語中不要忘記介詞;提問詞是what 只能用完整句子、名詞或名詞性短語、名詞性從句(多為賓語從句)來回答.
【中考命題方向】
閱讀表達(dá)題是一些地方中考命題的重點題型,閱讀內(nèi)容貼近中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生活.隨著英語語言的普及,命題難度也在逐年增加,由簡單的細(xì)節(jié)型提問更多地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷w納概括能力的考查.一般疑問句的回答會逐漸減少,會更多地傾向于對特殊疑問句的問答.
22.選句補全短文
【考查能力介紹】
①選句補全短文即短文還原,要求考生把所給選項中的句子還原到文中相對應(yīng)的空白處,設(shè)空位置一般為三種:段首、段尾和段中,以段中設(shè)空居多.
②這類題型最常見的體裁是記敘文,近年來各地對說明文和議論文等都有所涉及.該題型要求考生了解常見寫作順序,關(guān)注段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,主要為:并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其它關(guān)系.
復(fù)習(xí)方法點撥:
①堅持每天閱讀英語文章,保證一定的閱讀量以培養(yǎng)語感;
②在保證閱讀量的基礎(chǔ)上限制閱讀時間,提高閱讀速度;
③多積累詞匯知識,打好基礎(chǔ);
④堅持復(fù)習(xí)語法知識和慣用法知識,提高自己的理解能力.
【解題方法點撥】
①通讀全文,了解文章大意;
②細(xì)讀五個選項,找出和文章相對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞,分析選項間的邏輯關(guān)系;
③根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容,結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞,選出最佳選項.
④將所選答案代入文中,再次通讀全文,重點查看邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理.
解題步驟(以題為例)
Why should students play sports? Some people think that students play sports in order to get exercise.(1) But that is not enough. If students play sports, they can get more than healthy bodies.
Why?(2)
Students who play sports do better in school.(3) But a recent study has shown that students who play sports get better scores in school than those who don't. Exercise gets students to learn, remember things and concentrate(專心) better.
(4) When they are working together with others to win games and reach goals, they're learning how to be successful in practice. And these skills will be useful to them for study or their future work.
Playing sports can also improve confidence. Students who play sports feel better about themselves. When they know they can improve and reach their goals by practicing,(5) And sports can also help them communicate with others actively and make new friends.
Now, how about going out to play sports with your friends every day?
A.it builds their confidence.
B.Here are three more reasons.
C.Some students like playing basketball.
D.Others think it can help students have fun.
E.Some people think that doing exercise will take up(占據(jù)) students' study here.
F.Students who play sports develop their teamwork spirits and learn problem﹣solving skills.
這是一道6選5的選句補全短文題.
在答題時,我們要先細(xì)讀選項確定各個選項的意思,心里有個初步概念.
第二步我們要通讀全文,在通讀過程中就可以考慮選項位置.
第三步需要先易后難來確定答案:根據(jù)設(shè)空處(5)前面是逗點,可知其后并不是個大寫字母開頭的句子,只有A項合適;(1)空處前面有some正好可與others形成慣用法,some …others …,可選D項;(2)空前有問句why,可找其對應(yīng)詞reasons,選B;(3)處可下文中的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推知此處是說做運動不好的地方,只有E項符合題意;(4)是段首設(shè)空,可能是段落中心句,根據(jù)后文中working together對應(yīng)選項F中的teamwork spirits,be successful in practice對應(yīng)選項F中problem﹣solving skills可知應(yīng)選F.
答題的最后一步,我們需要回讀文章確定答案是否正確.
【解題技巧】
①抓住過渡詞,看住上下句;盯緊橫線的前后詞語.
②如果問題設(shè)在段首,有以下三種情況:A.通常是段落的主題句,需認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容,根據(jù)段落一致性原則,查找相關(guān)的詞,推斷出主題句;B.與后文是并列,轉(zhuǎn)折,因果關(guān)系等;段落間的過渡句,這時要瞻前顧后找啟示,結(jié)合上下文看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來.
③如果問題設(shè)在段尾,需要考慮:A.空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句,重點閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞;B.通常是結(jié)論,概括性語句;C.與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系,此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞;D.與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系,根據(jù)段落一致性原則,在原文和選項中找到相關(guān)的特征詞;E.所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容;如果第一段的段尾是空白,要認(rèn)真閱讀,看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題.
【中考命題方向】
選句補全短文是中考中的常見題型之一,近年來題目難度也有所增大.考查方式上常見的有7選5,5選5,也有些省份甚至從句子還原升級到了段落還原.這就要求考生在平時要加大閱讀量,培養(yǎng)一定的語感,在平時練習(xí)時總結(jié)出合適自己的答題技能,以不變應(yīng)萬變.
23.首字母閱讀填空
【考查能力介紹】
①首字母閱讀填空常要求考生根據(jù)短文意思和所提供的首字母,寫出一個完整、正確由能使短文通順的單詞.
②首字母閱讀填空考查范圍極廣,是完型填空式中考試卷中最難的題型,最能測量考生實際運用語言的能力.它要求考生要有較強的語感,善于體會上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,還要有扎實的語言知識儲備和較大的詞匯量.
③該題的考查重點是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類.
【解題方法點撥】
做首字母閱讀填空題,我們需要在自身知識積累足夠的基礎(chǔ)上,掌握一定的方法,以便快速準(zhǔn)確地答題.
①通讀全文,跳過空格,了解全文大意;
②結(jié)合所給首字母,綜合考慮,初步確定答案;
③仔細(xì)推敲,注意詞形的變化,從詞法、句法、慣用法等方面考慮答案的準(zhǔn)確性;
④復(fù)讀全文,確保填入的詞既能使句意通順,又能做到語法、用詞搭配的正確,避免不必要的失分.
解題步驟(以題為例)
Once, there was a little grey planet. People living on it hadn't looked after it well.(1)A____ they had excellent inventions and spaceships beyond our imagination, they made the planet(2)f____ of rubbish and pollution. As a result there were no plants or(3)a____ left.
One day, a little boy was walking on the(4)p____. When he passed a cave(山洞), he noticed a small red(5)f____ in it. The flower was sick and almost dying. The boy(6)d____ it out carefully with its root and some soil. Then he tried to find somewhere to plant it, but he failed. He looked up in the sky and he found the(7)m____. He thought the flower might grow(8)w____ on the moon. So he climbed into a spaceship with the flower and(9)f____ to the moon. He grew the flower on the moon and took care of it every day. Soon the flowers spread all over the moon and the moon was(10)c____ with red flowers.
When all the flowers come out, the moon looks(11)____, like a warning light. If we don't look(12)a____ our earth carefully, the day will come when flowers will only be able to grow on the moon.
這是2018年咸寧的最新中考題,解題時要先通讀全文,可以根據(jù)語境推知:(1)以首字母A開頭的復(fù)合句前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用連詞Although;(2)考查固定搭配,be full of;(3)以a開頭和plants(植物)并列,很容易就能聯(lián)想到是說動物,根據(jù)plants可知要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,animals;(4)(5)(7)(11)需要聯(lián)系上下文從文中尋得答案,是送分題;(6)可根據(jù)語境得知是要挖出花兒,用動詞dig,涉及到動詞就需要考慮時態(tài),上下文都是一般過去時,這里也需要用過去式dug;(8)以w開頭用以修飾動詞grow的,根據(jù)語境可知要用well;(9)根據(jù)提示詞spaceship和首字母f可知應(yīng)該是要飛向月球,同樣用過去式flew;(10)根據(jù)spread all over the moon可以知道月球上被紅花所覆蓋,用固定搭配be covered with;(11)根據(jù)語境和首字母a可知此處要用after來組成詞組look after.題目做完之后,把答案代入題中憑語感就可判斷處答案正確與否.
【中考命題方向】
首字母填空類短文題是近幾年各省、市題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一.從近幾年的考題來看,首字母填空題所考查的單詞涉及的詞性范圍較廣,各大詞類幾乎都有涉及.所設(shè)文章短小、精致,體裁不一,題材豐富,內(nèi)容通俗易懂,與現(xiàn)代生活緊密相關(guān),可讀性、趣味性強,符合初中生的認(rèn)知特點.
24.翻譯填空
【概念】
翻譯填空是指結(jié)合給出的單詞或短語的意思,填出正確的答案.
【解題方法點撥】
(1)當(dāng)遇到一個需要填的詞時,首先要考慮這個詞在句子中的成分是什么?詞性是什么?
If you stay up for your favorite TV programs, you will feel s _______(困倦的)
考點;翻譯填空.
分析:如果你熬夜看你最喜歡的電視節(jié)目,你會感到困倦.
解答:困倦的sleepy,形容詞做表語,根據(jù)句意和首字母可知,答案為sleepy.故答案是sleepy.
點評;根據(jù)漢語完成句子是基礎(chǔ)題,需要學(xué)生根據(jù)句意、時態(tài)和固定搭配等,來選擇合適的單詞或者短語.另外,學(xué)生多積累單詞和短語,也有助于解答這類題目.
(2)如果需要填的是名詞,就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格形式.
Wearing red can help you make a _______(決定).
考點:翻譯填空.
分析:穿紅色衣服可以幫助你做出決定.
解答:考查翻譯填空.句意:穿紅色衣服可以幫助你做出決定.根據(jù)漢語提示及其英語句子,可知要翻譯的部分為:決定.英語表達(dá)是decision.前有冠詞a,所以用名詞單數(shù).故答案為decision.
點評:做這類題型,首先根據(jù)所給漢語明確句子所要考查的單詞或短語的拼寫,再結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識對單詞或短語做出形式上的變化.
(3)如果需要填的是形容詞或副詞,就應(yīng)考慮是用原級或是比較級,還是最高級.
(4)如果需要填的是動詞,則要考慮東西的時態(tài),語態(tài),人稱變化,語氣以及非謂語動詞(不定式和動詞﹣ing形式)的一般式,被動式和完成式等.
His father _______to buy him an e﹣dictionary as his birthday present,he felt excited.(答應(yīng))
考點:翻譯填空.
分析:他父親答應(yīng)給他買一個電子詞典作為生日禮物,他感到很興奮.
解答:根據(jù)His father_____﹣to buy him an e﹣dictionary as his birthday present,he felt excited,可知他父親答應(yīng)給他買一個電子詞典作為生日禮物,他感到很興奮,從felt判斷句子使用一般過去時,promise,動詞,答應(yīng).故填:promised.
(5)如果需要填空的是介詞,則要注意固定搭配的用法.
(6)如果需要填的是冠詞,則要注意是用不定冠詞還是用定冠詞.
(7)另外要注意一些固定句型的完整.
【易混淆點】
(1)注意翻譯填空和單詞填空的區(qū)別.
(2)根據(jù)常用短語,固定用法,及其一些動詞、名詞、形容詞的變化規(guī)律作答.
(3)掌握單詞的拼寫,再根據(jù)語境語義來做出正確答案.
【中考命題方向】
中考英語試題??疾閱卧~和短語的意思,及其它們在句子中的正確形式.這些是考查的重點.
25.提綱作文
【概念】
提綱作文是近幾年中考英語書面表達(dá)的熱點題型.命題者通常把提綱作文與其他常用文體形式(如書信、報道、通知、日記等)有機結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查,使該類書面表達(dá)試題綜合性越來越強.
1.提綱作文的特點
提綱作文就是把文章的情景和內(nèi)容要求分成塊,以條目的形式列出,請考生據(jù)此進(jìn)行寫作.這實際上是對考生思路和文章寫作范圍所作的明確限定.因此,提綱中所列舉的要點要全部涉及到,一個也不能遺漏.
2.思維空間靈活、開放
為了提高文章檔次,考生應(yīng)在保證內(nèi)容要點齊全的同時進(jìn)行合理而又緊扣主題的發(fā)揮.因此,該類型的書面表達(dá)具有一定的靈活性,能較好地體現(xiàn)考生的英語思維能力.
3.提綱作文的寫作步驟一般分為:審題,明確文體形式;構(gòu)思,根據(jù)提綱全面構(gòu)思文章內(nèi)容,根據(jù)內(nèi)容構(gòu)思詞語和句型結(jié)構(gòu);寫作完稿,根據(jù)構(gòu)思的詞語和句型結(jié)構(gòu),按照合理的順序和語言要求,連句成文.注意句子間的正確聯(lián)系,注意詞語的豐富和句型的多樣.
【寫作舉例】
假定你們學(xué)校英語報社征集以"我最感激的人﹣﹣媽媽"為主題的英語作文,請你根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文,談?wù)勀愕膵寢專?br /> 要點:1、簡單介紹媽媽.
2、感激媽媽的理由.
3、如何感激.
注意:1、詞數(shù)100左右.
2、可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫.
3、開頭已為你寫好,但不計入總詞數(shù).
Everyone has a person he wants to say thank﹣you to in his
deep heart.I owe my great gratitude to my mother. .
案例分析
第一步:審題
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于提綱類作文,根據(jù)提示信息假定你們學(xué)校英語報社征集以"我最感激的人﹣﹣媽媽"為主題的英語作文,請你根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文,談?wù)勀愕膵寢專?寫作時注意以下幾點:一、仔細(xì)閱讀有關(guān)提示,弄清試題提供的所有信息,要點包括:1、簡單介紹媽媽. 2、感激媽媽的理由. 3、如何感激. 二、提綱是文章的總體框架,要在提綱的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行分析、構(gòu)思和想象.要依據(jù)提示情景或詞語,按照一定邏輯關(guān)系來寫.本文寫作時可以按照要點所給的順序?qū)懀?、根?jù)要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容確定句子的時態(tài)、語態(tài).四.注意使用高級詞匯和句式,以增加文章的亮點.
第二步:構(gòu)思
文章應(yīng)該按照"總述﹣﹣分述"的結(jié)構(gòu)分為四段段.
第一段:點題,說明要感激的人.
第二段:簡單介紹媽媽.
第三段:感激媽媽的理由.
第四段:如何感激.
第三步:完稿
根據(jù)要點,按照邏輯順序重新組織材料,力求拼寫正確,行文連貫,連接自然,語言規(guī)范,詞語豐富,句型多樣,語法結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確無誤,表達(dá)簡明扼要,慎用長難句.
高分范文
Everyone has a person he wants to say thank﹣you to in his deep heart.I am very grateful to my mother.
My mother is a primary school teacher who graduated from a normal university.(高分句型一)She is a devoted mother as well as a kind and patient teacher.(簡單介紹媽媽)She takes good care of me every day,especially this year when I am in Junior Three.She often cooks delicious food for me and helps me clean up my room.
What's more,she even accompanies me deep into the night every time I am doing my homework.(高分句型二)Most important of all,whenever I get upset or lose heart,she will encourage me until I have been cheered up.She always says, "Heaven will always leave a door open.As long as you work hard,you will definitely succeed."(感激媽媽的理由)
Now I try my best to study and spend almost all my time on my lessons in order to get into a good high school next year.This is the best way for me to thank my mother.(如何感激)
聲明:試題解析著作權(quán)屬菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)所有,未經(jīng)書面同意,不得復(fù)制發(fā)布日期:2022/5/1 13:27:53;用戶:趕考狀元11415030-1;郵箱:u11415030-1.24630556;學(xué)號:42274763

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