?專題01 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)題（解析版）

1.考綱要求：命題人會要求考生閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準(zhǔn)確尋找所需的細(xì)節(jié)
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題占到閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)。

一、思維導(dǎo)圖


二、方法點(diǎn)撥
解題步驟


選項(xiàng)特征
做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時務(wù)必要樹立回原文定位的意識，每一題、每一選項(xiàng)都要回到原文中的某一處進(jìn)行定位，然后畫出相關(guān)語句，并與選項(xiàng)仔細(xì)比對，找出正確選項(xiàng)的理由和錯誤選項(xiàng)的理由。
1.正確選項(xiàng)的特征
(1)同義替換：對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把lose one’s job換成了be out of work。有時候詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成of importance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
(2)語言簡化：把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。
(3)正話反說：把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。

2.干擾選項(xiàng)的特征
(1)是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。
(2)無中生有，雖然符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。
(3)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動。
(4)在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。
(5)部分正確，部分錯誤。

【示例】　高考真題01
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue，N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
24.What made Chris nervous?
A.Telling a story. B.Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D.Answering a question.

分析：Step 1：找詞，題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為 Chris nervous。
Step 2：定位，查找原文，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞直接定位到第一段中的“...today is speech day，and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.”和“...he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.”。
Step 3：比對，比對原文和選項(xiàng)可知，今天是演講日，現(xiàn)在輪到了Chris，雖然他看起來像那種喜歡在公共場合講話的孩子，但是他很緊張。由此可知，演講使Chris緊張。

[主要類型]
1.直接信息題
解答細(xì)節(jié)理解的直接信息題時，由于題目普遍較容易，不必通篇細(xì)讀全文，一般是先通過題干信息來選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數(shù)詞，即問題的核心信息，再進(jìn)行信息定位，運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題干有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，找出相關(guān)的句子，得出正確答案。

【示例】　高考真題02
Summer Employment Opportunities (機(jī)會)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
23.Which program favors the disabled?
A.Jobs for Youth.
B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
分析：本題屬于直接信息題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞disabled，迅速在文中找到最后一段的persons with a disability，通過分析這句話可知，與題干中的the disabled屬于典型的同義詞替換，故選D項(xiàng)。

2.間接信息題
考查間接信息題時，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。常用方式是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來表達(dá)相同的意思。因此在做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)所找信息，分析選項(xiàng)，對比其中所用詞匯，避免誤選答案。命題人主要從以下兩個角度命制正確選項(xiàng)。
(1)同義替換
同義替換是指命題人利用同義詞或近義詞對原文的關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行解釋。解題時，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該根據(jù)題意，快速跳讀全文，找到關(guān)鍵信息，然后在選項(xiàng)中尋找與原文信息最接近的同義詞或近義詞，這樣就可確定正確答案。
(2)歸納信息
歸納信息是指命題人用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，這是命題人設(shè)計細(xì)節(jié)理解題時經(jīng)常使用的手段之一。同學(xué)們首先應(yīng)抓住該題所涉及的重要信息去理解、提煉其中的關(guān)鍵信息，可嘗試用自己的語言去歸納文中的信息或事實(shí)，然后再看選項(xiàng)，挑選出和自己所歸納的信息最接近的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案。

【示例】　高考真題03
Of the common berries，strawberries are highest in vitamin C，although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白質(zhì))，iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (櫻桃)，they are so delicious who cares? However，they are rich in vitamin C.
24.What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A.They contain protein.
B.They are high in vitamin A.
C.They have a pleasant taste.
D.They are rich in antioxidants.
分析：選C。本題屬于間接信息題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng)，櫻桃很美味。have a pleasant taste與be so delicious表義相同，屬于同義替換。

三、高考真題
2022年1月浙江卷
A
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危機(jī)）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地產(chǎn)）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her?wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old,because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she gets restless the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle?alone,though.Merebeth says,"When I'm on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must?help animals."

21.Why did Merebeth change her job?
A.She wanted to work near her home.
B.She was tired of working in the office.
C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D.Her former employer was out of business.

23.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A.She has chances to see rare animals.
B.She works hard throughout the year.
C.She relies on herself the whole time.
D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.

第21題 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三、四句--The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.可知原先公司破廠導(dǎo)致要找份新工作。與D 選項(xiàng)意思一致。故答案選D。

第23題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)她自己說的話：When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited.可知，當(dāng)她在路上的時候，就只依靠自己。她總是非常獨(dú)立。故答案選C。

2021年6月北京卷
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（學(xué)期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.
Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（絕望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits—one kit, one child.
The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.
In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.
1.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?
A.It would affect his/her initial plans.
B.It would involve traveling overseas.
C.It would not bring him/her a good grade.
D.It would not live up to his/her expectations.

2.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?
A.Images of Iraqi children.
B.Research by his/her classmates.
C.A teacher's introduction.
D.A representative's comments.

3.The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to???????????.
A.become OIC volunteers
B.further their education
C.study in foreign countries
D.influence other children

本文是一篇故事類記敘文，主要講的是作者加入了一個幫助伊拉克兒童的組織(OIC)，開始感到不會達(dá)到他/她的期望，后來看到伊拉克兒童的照片，作者毫不猶豫地加入這個項(xiàng)目，并且為這些孩子收集盡可能多的學(xué)習(xí)用品，幫助他們繼續(xù)接受教育。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.（我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。）可知作者開始感到加入OIC不會達(dá)到他/她的期望。故選D。

2細(xì)節(jié)題。結(jié)合第二段中的When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（絕望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits—one kit, one child.（當(dāng)我上網(wǎng)訪問伊斯蘭會議組織的網(wǎng)站時，我看到了伊拉克兒童的照片。他們的臉是如此有力地傳達(dá)了他們的絕望和需要，所以我毫不猶豫地加入了這個項(xiàng)目。我們決定收集盡可能多的學(xué)習(xí)用品，把它們做成套件，—個套件，一個孩子。）可推出伊拉克兒童的形象主要幫助作者改變了對這個項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A。

3細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Without efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.（在我們的努力下，10名男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知作者的OIC項(xiàng)目組將幫助10名伊拉克兒童繼續(xù)他們的教育，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B。

2021年6月天津卷A篇
When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.
Participating in Campus Welcome Activities
Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新會），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.
Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fiin? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom.
Exploring Campus
Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center~~will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won't have to look for them while still getting used to your classes.
Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you're worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won't hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.
Starting a Routine
Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.
What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.
36．By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can .
A．learn about campus culture
B．get their course schedule
C．have a physical examination
D．take an entrance test
37．Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ?
A．To see how many facilities they can use.
B．To avoid being late for future classes.
C．To help those getting lost on campus.
D．To practice running on their way to class.
38．When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?
A．On the first day of their classes.
B．Before the orientation week.
C．After their first-day classes.
D．During the orientation week.

36．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Participating in Campus Welcome Activities標(biāo)題下的第二段中“Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture:（參加這些活動是了解學(xué)校設(shè)施和了解校園文化的好方法）”可知，參加歡迎活動可以了解校園文化，故選擇A項(xiàng)。
37．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Exploring Campus標(biāo)題下的第二段中“That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.（那樣，你將會避免在去上課時可能出現(xiàn)的延誤）”可知，快跑測試，可以避免將來上課遲到，故選擇B項(xiàng)。
38．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Starting a Routine 標(biāo)題下的第一段“Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.（課程開始意味著在不同的時間呆在不同的地方，所以就在這周開始習(xí)慣這種常規(guī)活動是個好主意）”可知，right this week指的是正式開學(xué)前的這一周，也叫orientation week“迎新周” ，故選擇D項(xiàng)。


2021年6月新高考2卷B篇
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范圍內(nèi)，動物園里三分之一的蘇門答臘老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我決定在家里全天候照顧它們)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽帶回家是為了確保他們的存活。故選A。
【7題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(當(dāng)Spot和Stripe四個月大的時候，他們正在學(xué)習(xí)如何開門和跳柵欄，我們知道是時候讓他們離開了)”可知，作者決定把Spot 和Stripe送回動物園是因?yàn)樗麄冏兊秒y以控制。故選B。

2021年6月新高考2卷D篇
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (標(biāo)簽) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (質(zhì)地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了澳大利亞一名教授正在開發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亞一名教授正在開發(fā)一種機(jī)器人，用于監(jiān)測放牧牛的健康狀況，這一開發(fā)可能會給畜牧業(yè)帶來重大變化。幾十年來，畜牧業(yè)主要依靠低技術(shù)手段，但目前正面臨勞動力短缺的問題。）”可知，畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨勞動力短缺的問題。故選B。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (質(zhì)地) of grass.（通過監(jiān)測草形狀、顏色和質(zhì)地來跟蹤草地的質(zhì)量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的機(jī)器人可以監(jiān)測草的質(zhì)量。故選A。
【14題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦茲認(rèn)為機(jī)器人并不適合這份工作。多年的行業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)——以及使用技術(shù)的失敗嘗試——使他確信，檢查牛的最好方法是讓一名男子騎在馬上。）”可知，皮特·邦茲仍然雇傭牛仔看牛是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為人能做得更好。故選B。
【15題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷馬州養(yǎng)牛人協(xié)會副會長邁克爾·凱爾西·帕里斯說，鑒于人們對偷牛的擔(dān)憂不斷上升，機(jī)器人可能會非常有用。）”可知，機(jī)器人幫助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故選D。
2021年6月全國甲卷C篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（橫桿）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:?"Safe! Safe! Safe!"??And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭） among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑） up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances."I was a local here 20 years ago, " I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head."Safe, man. Safe.”
"Yeah, " I said.“Safe."
3.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A.To join the skateboarding.
B.To make new friends.
C.To learn new tricks.
D.To relieve his childhood days.

3細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 "when he returned to London" 定位在原文第四段 "When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. 當(dāng)我2004年回到倫敦時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在南岸漫步，在那里呆了幾個小時。" 所以這里是漫步，重溫童年時光。故選D項(xiàng)。

2021年3月天津卷B篇
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard（蜥蜴）was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
"Let's make a cake for Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（紀(jì)錄片）series?The Last Dance.
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him?leaving behind the layer?that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蛻皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
1.What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty.
B.Its old skin came off.
C.It got a skin disease.
D.It went missing.

2.Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined.
B.The author made good puddings.
C.Pudding was his favorite dessert.
D.They couldn't afford a birthday cake.

3.Why does the author mention?The Last Dance?in the passage?
A.To prove a theory.
B.To define a concept.
C.To develop the theme.
D.To provide the background.
【解析】
文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了Michael Jordan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮邸⒊錆M希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點(diǎn)。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句 "I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子們報告了蜥蜴皮膚上奇怪的表面。幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從水箱里出來，舊皮膚蛻了下來）" 可知，寵物蜥蜴舊的皮膚脫落了。故選：B。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段 "Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf…My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.（就在我丈夫參加另一場工作面試回家前兩個小時，我女兒爬到一個高高的架子上，抓起一個玻璃花瓶。它掉下來摔碎在蛋糕旁邊。到處都是細(xì)小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉時，她大聲抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布?。? 可知，作者的丈夫過生日吃了香蕉布丁是因?yàn)樯盏案鈿Я?。故選：A。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段 "The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. …Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. …Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（Jordan從心愛的籃球退役，轉(zhuǎn)而打棒球，這是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艱難的決定，讓我感到驚訝。當(dāng)我看著他脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時，我看到他脫下了那層不再適合他的衣服，就像我們的蜥蜴一樣。他們都沒有選擇那個改變了他們的時刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因?yàn)橐磺卸甲兞?。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）" 以及最后一段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.（ Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點(diǎn)）" 可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是為了展開文章關(guān)于放手過去，重新開始的主題。故選：C。

2021年3月天津卷D篇
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （視角）into specific fields of expertise（專長）. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
1.To become a specialist, one may have to???????????.
A.narrow his range of knowledge
B.avoid responsibilities at work
C.know more about the society
D.broaden his perspective on life

2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to???????????.
A.treasure their freedom
B.travel around the world
C.spend most time working
D.enjoy meeting funny people

3.According to the author, a superior doctor is one who???????????.
A.is fully aware of his talent and ability
B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.should love poetry and philosophy
D.brings knowledge of other fields to work

本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。
1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. （成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越多。）" 可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中提到 "Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, …(有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作。…..這些專家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點(diǎn)。)" 可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時間在工作上。故選C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句 "The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.（這位既是詩人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。）" 可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中。故選D。
2021年1月浙江卷A篇
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（農(nóng)村）India. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets' and then in an orphanage （孤兒院）. There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, "On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station"—and there it was. "And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain"—and there it was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's something about me, " he thought—and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion （核聚變）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her."
1.Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?
A.He got on a train by mistake.
B.He got lost while playing in the street.
C.He was taken away by a foreigner.
D.He was adopted by an Australian family.
2.How did Brierley find his hometown?
A.By analyzing old pictures.
B.By travelling all around India.
C.By studying digital maps.
D.By spreading his story via his book.
3.What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?
A.His love for his mother.
B.His reunion with his mother.
C.His long way back home.
D.His memory of his hometown.
【答案】1.A2.C3.B
文章大意：一個走散多年的孩子，重新找回他家庭的故事。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。關(guān)鍵詞25 years ago鎖定在第一段When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on. 可得他走失的原因是誤上了火車。故答案為A。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。關(guān)鍵詞hometown，鎖定第四段Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. 他找到自己的家鄉(xiāng)是通過電子地圖的，因此選擇C選項(xiàng)。故答案為C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。關(guān)鍵詞interview，鎖定最后一段的文章內(nèi)容可得在采訪中他表達(dá)的是和他媽媽重聚時他的感覺。故答案為B。
2021年1月浙江卷B篇
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy, Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（機(jī)會）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a "good", quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But Somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路線）with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning—running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones—but it's certainly worth trying.
1.Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A.To make comparisons.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support her argument.
D.To provide examples.
2.What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A.Plain laziness.
B.Health problems.
C.Lack of time.
D.Security concerns.
3.Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A.She can get relaxed after work.
B.She can keep physically fit.
C.She can help with her son's study.
D.She can know her son better.
【答案】1.B2.C3.D
【解析】
文章大意：今天的人們步行數(shù)下降。接著分析原因，工作導(dǎo)致時間不夠。再者，闡述了這一現(xiàn)象會引起的后果，健康問題以及缺少和孩子溝通的機(jī)會。作者最后用自己的例子來說明，和孩子一同步行，能夠更了解孩子。
1.寫作意圖題。文章開篇用Watkins的預(yù)言引出本文重點(diǎn)闡述的內(nèi)容：如今的人們步行數(shù)越來越少。分析第一段最后一句But he was wrong … 進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，引出主題。再結(jié)合下文Today, in Australia … 用數(shù)據(jù)論證Watkins的其中一個預(yù)言錯誤。故選B。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段第一句The decline is not because we have all become lazy … 可知并不是因?yàn)閼卸瓒叫袛?shù)下降。接著后面分析原因Families are pressed for time … 家人們的時間緊迫。故選C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out.這句話主干是more about my son's day comes out，可知通過每天陪伴孩子步行，就能更了解孩子。故選D。


2021年6月新高考1卷B篇
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, "?Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong.?"I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, "?Mr Titterton said.?"Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner, "?she laughed.?"He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:?'Turn, turn!'"?"Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.

2Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.

3What does Titterton need to practise?
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the?"nodding".
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.

4Why is Ms Raspopova's husband?"the worst page turner"??
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息be able to do定位到第三段A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.可知，做一名page turner需要能夠找到音樂中重復(fù)的部分，然后翻回到樂譜正確的地方。因此做一名page turner需要能夠讀懂音樂。故選A。

2推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干選項(xiàng)定位到第五段。分析語境可知，他在工作中有時還要處理突發(fā)事件，例如會有翻開一頁樂譜的風(fēng)導(dǎo)致其他的樂譜掉落的情況。因此，可以形容這份工作是讓人費(fèi)神費(fèi)力的。故選C。

3細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息need to practice定位到第四段第一句Being a page turner requires plenty of practice.這句話后面說明了page turner需要能夠捕捉到演奏者的點(diǎn)頭致意，根據(jù)這一信號來翻頁，這是需要配合練習(xí)的。故選B。

4細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息the worst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，說話人的丈夫總是過度沉迷于音樂本身而忘記翻頁，以至于她必須告訴他該翻頁了。故選D。

2021年6月全國乙卷D篇
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干擾）in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus." His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分貝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A.It helps him concentrate.
B.It blocks out background noise.
C.It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D.It encourages face-to-face interactions.

2.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A.Total silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句"…?so I can focus"可知，采訪者喜歡在公用工作場所辦公，是因?yàn)樗梢约芯Α９蔬xA。
2細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段"the participants in the 70 decibels group…?significantly outperformed the other groups"可知，在70分貝下采訪者的表現(xiàn)最優(yōu)，說明該環(huán)境可以改善創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選C。

四、綜合模擬演練
2022·四川南充·二模
If you enjoy American stories, you’ll have noticed that many of them take place on the road. Many famous American novels are about stories that occur while their characters are traveling along highways. These novels are often celebrations of American life.
Jesmyn Ward’s National Book Award winner Sing, Unburied, Sing is a road novel, but not a celebration. The road journey here is through Mississippi, as an African-American mother and her two children travel to collect her white husband as he’s released from jail.
Neither the mother, Leonie, nor the father, Michael, are ideal parents. Leonie in particular is so full of anger and regret that she takes out her unhappiness on her children, the 13-year-old Jojo and his little sister Kayla.
The telling of the story is divided between various narrators. Jojo, the boy, is the most sympathetic of them. But it is worrying to read about how he experiences the world. Even though he’s young, he’s already experienced the dark side of life. The opening sentence of the book gives a sense of Jojo’s unnatural maturity—“I like to think I know what death is. I like to think that I could look at it straight.”
But who, or what, is to blame for these sad circumstances? For Ward, it’s clearly the past. She admires the work of fellow novelist William Faulkner. When she thinks about the past, she’s of the same mind as him.
Faulkner famously wrote, “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.” At one point, Ward says that her characters are “pulling the past with them.” like a too-heavy trailer(拖車) coupled to the car, as they journey on through Mississippi to the jailhouse. The biggest part of this past, of course, is racism—the remains of slavery—which is always there, and ruining life.
This is probably why The Washington Post listed Sing, Unburied, Sing as one of its 10 choices of 2017’s Best Books. “The misery of this one family is tied to crimes that stretch over decades,” wrote the newspaper.
1．What can we learn about Sing, Unburied, Sing from the text?
A．It was recently adapted as a film.
B．It’s a celebration of American life.
C．It is a story of a road trip through Mississippi.
D．It’s one of 2017’s best-selling American novels.
2．According to the text, the character Jojo .
A．is the main narrator of the novel B．is unusually mature for his age
C．presents less sympathy than others D．is the youngest child in the family
3．What is the root cause of the family’s difficulty according to the text?
A．The unhappy marriage of the parents. B．The experience of being in prison.
C．The lack of financial support. D．The existence of racism.
4．Why is William Faulkner’s line mentioned in the text?
A．To prove Ward shares a similar opinion of the past with him.
B．To show Ward has drawn a lot of inspiration from him.
C．To show Ward is as great a novelist as he is.
D．To compare Ward’s writing style with his.
1．C
2．B
3．D
4．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一部美國公路小說的內(nèi)容，并解釋了作者筆下人物悲慘境遇的原因。
1．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段 “Jesmyn Ward’s National Book Award winner Sing, Unburied, Sing is a road novel, but not a celebration. The road journey here is through Mississippi, as an African-American mother and her two children travel to collect her white husband as he’s released from jail.(Jesmyn Ward的國家圖書獎得主Sing,Unbured,Sing是一部公路小說，但不是一場慶典。這里的公路之旅經(jīng)過密西西比州，一位非裔美國母親和她的兩個孩子在她的白人丈夫從監(jiān)獄獲釋后前往那里接他。)”可知， Sing, Unburied, Sing是一部關(guān)于密西西比河公路旅行的故事。故選C。
2．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句話“Even though he’s young, he’s already experienced the dark side of life. The opening sentence of the book gives a sense of Jojo’s unnatural maturity—“I like to think I know what death is. I like to think that I could look at it straight.”(盡管他很年輕，但他已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了生活的黑暗面。這本書的開頭一句話讓人感覺到了喬喬非自然的成熟——“我想我知道死亡是什么。我想我可以直視它?！?”可知，經(jīng)歷了很多事情后，Jojo這個角色展現(xiàn)出異于他年齡的成熟。故選B。
3．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段開頭“But who, or what, is to blame for these sad circumstances? For Ward, it’s clearly the past.(但是，誰，或者是什么，應(yīng)該為這些可悲的情況負(fù)責(zé)呢？對沃德來說，這顯然是過去了。)”及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話“The biggest part of this past, of course, is racism—the remains of slavery—which is always there, and ruining life.(當(dāng)然，這段歷史中最大的一部分是種族主義——奴隸制的殘余，它一直存在，并破壞著生活。)”可推知，這個家庭困難的根本原因是種族制度的存在。故選D。
4．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段關(guān)鍵句“She admires the work of fellow novelist William Faulkner. When she thinks about the past, she’s of the same mind as him.(她很欣賞同為小說家的威廉·?？思{的作品。當(dāng)她想起過去時，她和他有著同樣的想法。)”可推知，文章提到William Faulkner是為了證明Ward對過去的看法和他相似。故選A。


2022·安徽·模擬預(yù)測
Some emerging technologies to watch in 2022
Flying electric taxis
Long seen as something of a fantasy, flying taxis are getting serious. Several firms around the world will step up test flights in 2022 with the aim of getting their aircraft certified for commercial use in the following year or two. Joby Aviation, based in California, plans to build more than a dozen of its five-seat vehicles, which have a 150-mile range. Volocopter of Germany aims to provide an air-taxi service at the 2024 Paris Olympics. Other competitors include eHang, Lilium and Vertie Aerospace.
Delivery drones(無人機(jī))
Wing, a sister company of Google, has been doing test deliveries in America, Australia and Finland and will expand its mall-to-home delivery service, launched in late 2021.Dronamics Bulgarian startup, will start using winged drones to shuttle cargo between 39 European airports. The question is: will the pace of drone deliveries go up or drop off? Personalized nutrition
Diets don't work. Evidence is growing that each person's metabolism(新陳代謝)is unique, and food choices should be, too. Enter personalized nutrition: apps that tell you what to eat and when, using machine-learning algorithms, tests of your blood and gut microbiome(菌群), data on lifestyle factors such as exercise, and real-time tracking of blood-sugar levels using coin-sized devices attached to the skin. After successful launches in America, personalized nutrition firms are eyeing other markets in 2022. Some will also seek approval as treatments for conditions such as diabetes and migraine.
5．What is the purpose of some flying taxis companies’ carrying out test flights?
A．To compete for a wider market.
B．To get approved for commercial use.
C．To provide an air-taxi service in 2024.
D．To get more serious about their business.
6．What may be people's concern about delivery drones?
A．The capacity of the drones.
B．The speed of their service.
C．The range of their delivery.
D．The reliability of their technology.
7．Which information is NOT included in the personalized nutrition apps?
A．Data on exercise. B．Blood-sugar levels.
C．The conditions of the skin. D．Test results of the gut microbiome.
5．B
6．B
7．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了2022年值得關(guān)注的一些新興技術(shù)。
5．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Several firms around the world will step up lest flights in 2022 with the aim of getting their aircraft certified for commercial use in the following year or two.”（世界各地的幾家公司將在2022年加緊飛行，目標(biāo)是在未來一兩年讓他們的飛機(jī)獲得商業(yè)使用認(rèn)證）可知，一些公司計劃在2022年進(jìn)行飛行測試, 目的是獲得相關(guān)資質(zhì)投入商業(yè)運(yùn)營，故選B項(xiàng)。
6．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The question is: will the pace of drone deliveries go up or drop off?”（問題是:無人機(jī)送貨的速度會上升還是下降?）可知，人們對無人機(jī)派送存在的疑問是派送的速度是它們服務(wù)的速度，故選B項(xiàng)。
7．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Enter personalized nutrition: apps that tell you what to eat and when, using machine-learning algorithms, tests of your blood and gut microbiome(菌群), data on lifestyle factors such as exercise, and real-time tracking of blood-sugar levels using coin-sized devices attached to the skin.”（個性化營養(yǎng):應(yīng)用程序通過機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法告訴你吃什么和什么時候吃，檢測你的血液和腸道微生物群，收集運(yùn)動等生活方式因素的數(shù)據(jù)，并通過附著在皮膚上的硬幣大小的設(shè)備實(shí)時跟蹤血糖水平。） 可知提供個性化營養(yǎng)方案的應(yīng)用會利用血液和腸道菌群檢測數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)動等生活方式因素的數(shù)據(jù)，以及血糖水平實(shí)時追蹤信息，沒有提及皮膚狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)，故選C項(xiàng)。

（2022·河北·模擬預(yù)測）
Livestream through channels such as Amazon Live and QVC is a popular way to sell goods online. In a session that lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, someone promotes a product. Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.
Researchers analyzed 99, 451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases.
To determine the emotional expression of the salesperson, researchers used two deep learning models: a face detection model and an emotion classification model. The face detection model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame of a video stream. The emotion classifier then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions： happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust.
We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases, so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. We then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales —such as price and product characteristics—to judge the effect of emotions…
We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople convey more negative emotions—such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople display high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.
A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smile can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.
We also found that the negative effects on sales are the strongest when people express emotions in the middle rather than at the beginning or the end of sale. A potential reason for this finding is that the middle is typically when the salesperson offers more details about the product, and it’s likely that viewers are turned off by emotions at this point.
8．What can we know about the livestream selling goods?
A．It challenges the family business.
B．It only helps big company sell goods.
C．It is very convenient for the buyers.
D．It helps the sellers develop fixed expressions.
9．How did the researchers get the findings?
A．By referring to a theory.
B．By concluding different views.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By analyzing previous data.
10．Why do customers dislike seller’s smiles during livestream?
A．They hate seller’s look. B．They prefer complex emotions.
C．They feel cheated. D．They are so tired.
11．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Livestreamers Sell Products Successfully
B．Expressions Affect Selling Products Online
C．Emotions and Faces: What’s the Difference
D．Smiles Can Increase the Sales in Reality
8．C
9．D
10．C
11．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是說一篇明文。文章介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)售貨時，主播面部表情對網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售效果的影響。
8．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.(觀眾可以通過點(diǎn)擊鏈接來購買。)”可知，觀眾可以通過點(diǎn)擊鏈接來購買東西，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物對于消費(fèi)者而言很方便。故選C。
9．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Researchers analyzed 99, 451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases.(研究人員分析了一個直播銷售平臺上的99451個銷售案例，并將它們與實(shí)際銷售案例進(jìn)行了對比。)”及全文可推斷，研究人員是通過分析平臺銷售案例和數(shù)據(jù)得出結(jié)論的。故選D。
10．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople convey more negative emotions—such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople display high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise. (我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)銷售人員傳達(dá)更多的負(fù)面情緒時——比如憤怒和厭惡——銷售額就會下降，這也許并不令人意外。但我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)銷售人員表現(xiàn)出高水平的積極情緒時，比如高興或驚訝，也會發(fā)生類似的事情。)”和第六段“A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smile can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.(根據(jù)我們的研究，一個可能的解釋是，微笑可能很惡心，因?yàn)樗狈φ鎸?shí)的感覺，會降低對賣家的信任。銷售者的快樂可能被認(rèn)為是一種跡象，表明銷售者正在以顧客的損失為代價獲取利益。)”可推斷，消費(fèi)者不喜歡賣家在直播中微笑是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得被騙了。故選C。
11．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“We also found that the negative effects on sales are the strongest when people express emotions in the middle rather than at the beginning or the end of sale. (我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們在銷售過程中表達(dá)情緒時，對銷售的負(fù)面影響最大，而不是在銷售開始或結(jié)束時。)”內(nèi)及全文可知，文章主要介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)售貨時，主播面部表情對網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售效果的影響！所以“Expressions Affect Selling Products Online(表情影響網(wǎng)上銷售)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B 。

（2022·四川南充·二模）
Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world. But what about when they meet each other?
This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青綠》) was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.
According to CCTV, this poetic dance program was inspired by the 900-year-old Chinese painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山圖》). Created by Song Dynasty painter Wang Ximeng at about 18, the painting is amazing in its sweeping size, rich coloration and the expressive details, reported CCTV. It shows a Chinese blue-green landscape: “mountains and groupings of infinite rise and fall between cloudless sky and rippling water”.
When the dancers moved elegantly, audiences seemed to be looking at the moving mountains and rivers. “It brings me a pure experience of beauty. It is not only a drama but also an ‘exhibition’. Vast mountains and rivers are coming to life!” Internet user Mo Weisha wrote in a review. “More than a thousand years later, green mountains and rivers still wow people as they did long ago.”
Some people even decided to watch the dance again when it was staged in the theaters later. In fact, in recent years, more and more modern shows highlight Chinese traditional culture and have received warm welcome. As for why, it is due to people's great love for traditional culture.
“The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.” Yao Wei, director of Henan TV Station’s Innovation Center, told China Daily.
12．What is the function of paragraph I in the passage?
A．To present a common phenomenon. B．To arouse readers’ interest.
C．To describe the art world. D．To introduce the topic.
13．What can we learn about the painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains from the text?
A．It was painted in several bright colors.
B．It shows natural beauty vividly.
C．It was created over a thousand years ago.
D．It is of small size but includes great details.
14．Why are shows about Chinese traditional culture becoming popular according to Yao Wei?
A．People are more open to traditional culture.
B．People are happy to see new forms of art.
C．Chinese culture has been spreading around the world.
D．People have gained more access to traditional culture.
15．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Passion for Chinese Traditional Painting.
B．Art Coming Alive Through Dance.
C．Beauty Presented in Poetic Dance.
D．Highlights in Traditional Chinese Culture.
12．D
13．B
14．A
15．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是說明文。文章以舞劇《只此青綠》為例闡述了近年來，中國傳統(tǒng)文化節(jié)目越來越受歡迎，因?yàn)槿藗儗鹘y(tǒng)文化更加樂于接受，年輕人為中國傳統(tǒng)文化感到自豪。
12．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world. But what about when they meet each other? (中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫和舞蹈是藝術(shù)界的兩個重要組成部分。但是當(dāng)它們相遇時會怎么樣呢？)”結(jié)合第二段內(nèi)容“This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青綠》) was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.(今年, 一部舞蹈劇《舞蹈詩?。褐淮饲嗑G》在中央電視臺的春節(jié)晚會上上演并且廣為傳播”)可推斷，第一段以問題的形式引出文章的主題，故選D。
13．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“According to CCTV, this poetic dance program was inspired by the 900-year-old Chinese painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山圖》). Created by Song Dynasty painter Wang Ximeng at about 18, the painting is amazing in its sweeping size, rich coloration and the expressive details, reported CCTV. It shows a Chinese blue-green landscape: ‘mountains and groupings of infinite rise and fall between cloudless sky and rippling water’.”(根據(jù)中央電視臺，它的靈感來源于有900年歷史的中國畫《千里江山圖》。據(jù)央視報道，“這幅畫由宋朝畫家王錫孟創(chuàng)作，以其巨大的體積、豐富的自然色彩和富于表現(xiàn)力的細(xì)節(jié)給人留下深刻印象?！彼故玖艘环袊{(lán)綠色的土地圖片：群山起伏，在無云的天空和漣漪的水面之間。)可知，《千里江山圖》生動地展示了自然美。故選B。
14．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“‘The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.’ Yao Wei, director of Henan TV Station’s Innovation Center, told China Daily.(“年輕一代以一種更開放的心態(tài)長大。他們欣然接受中國文化，并為此感到自豪?！?河南電視臺臺長姚偉告訴今日中國。)” 可知，姚偉認(rèn)為中國傳統(tǒng)文化的節(jié)目越來越受歡迎，是因?yàn)槿藗兏訕酚诮邮軅鹘y(tǒng)文化。故選A。
15．
主旨大意題。第二段內(nèi)容“This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青綠》) was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.(今年, 一部舞蹈劇《舞蹈詩?。褐淮饲嗑G》在中央電視臺的春節(jié)晚會上上演并且廣為傳播”)，第四段的“It brings me a pure experience of beauty.(它給我?guī)砹艘环N純粹的美麗體驗(yàn)。)”，倒數(shù)第二段的“In fact, in recent years, more and more modern shows highlight Chinese traditional culture and have received warm welcome. As for why, it is due to people's great love for traditional culture.( 事實(shí)上，近年來，越來越多的現(xiàn)代節(jié)目突出中國傳統(tǒng)文化，并受到熱烈歡迎。關(guān)于為什么，因?yàn)槿藗儗鹘y(tǒng)文化熱愛，)”以及最后一段的“‘The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.’ (“年輕一代以一種更開放的心態(tài)長大。他們欣然接受中國文化，并為此感到自豪?！?”可知，文章以舞劇《只此青綠》闡述了中國傳統(tǒng)文化節(jié)目越來越受歡迎，人們對傳統(tǒng)文化更加樂于接受，年輕人為中國傳統(tǒng)文化感到自豪。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)通過舞蹈活躍起來?！睘樽罴褬?biāo)題，概況了文章的主旨。故選B。

（2022·河北·模擬預(yù)測）
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16．What do we know about Compressa Knee Compression Sleeves?
A．They can reduce blood pressure.
B．They are made of recycled flexible fabric.
C．They are easy to wash after they are used.
D．They won’t slide out of place while worn.
17．How much can you save if you purchase four knee sleeves at a time?
A．45%. B．59%.
C．68%. D．75%.
18．Which of the following is unbelievable to Lisa R about the product?
A．The price. B．The effect.
C．The function. D．The delivery.
16．D
17．C
18．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一款護(hù)膝套筒的促銷廣告。
16．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“◆Flexible, anti-slip& breathable fabric(◆柔軟、防滑、透氣的面料)”可知，這款護(hù)膝套筒是由防滑落的面料制成的，所以不會在穿的時候滑出位置。故選D。
17．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Choose Your Package下的表格可知，顧客一次性購買4只護(hù)膝套筒，建議零售價是$294.50，而實(shí)際只收取$94.24，可節(jié)省$200.26，即節(jié)省68%。故選C。
18．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“I can’t believe how affordable these sleeves are as compared to everything else I’ve tried before.(我不敢相信這些袖子和我以前試過的其他東西比起來是如此的便宜。)”可知，Lisa認(rèn)為與她試用過的其他產(chǎn)品相比較，這款產(chǎn)品價格低廉。故選A。

（2022·河南洛陽·二模）
Here I’d like to share some interesting news with you.
Living without electricity
Noplug is a small community in Seoul, South Korea. It hopes they can make a difference by reducing the carbon use. They rely on fuel sources(來源) such as solar and fire to do daily tasks.
Dr Yasuyuki Fujimura visits the community from Japan each month to educate people on how to meet everyday needs without electricity.
A playhouse made of instant noodles
A Chinese made international news headlines after using instant noodles to build a playhouse for his unborn son.
Photos of the unusual playhouse went viral(傳播) online quickly after being posted on social media by the builder, a Mr Zhang, who spent four days building the structure out of out-of-date instant noodles which he thought it was a pity to throw away by his friends. The playhouse can accommodate a bed, as well as his unborn son’s toys, featuring windows to let the light in.
Swimming through the sky
Lying over thirty meters above the ground, between two buildings in London, the Sky Pool makes you feel like you’re swimming through the sky.
The outdoor pool offers swimmers breathtaking views of London’s city skyline, floating in the air.
Thanks to modern technology and architectural innovations, the pool can handle the natural movements of the two buildings it connects.
Painting in virtual reality
Talented artist Anna Zhilyaeva, a pioneer in the fields of virtual reality and mixed reality painting, has been pushing the boundaries of painting by combining the centuries-old art form with one of the most advanced technologies of our times—virtual reality.
Using some software and a virtual reality headset, she is able to paint three-dimensional (三維) artworks often referred to as painted sculptures(雕塑).
19．What fuel source does the Noplug community live on?
A．Raw fuel. B．Recycled carbon.
C．Solar and fire. D．Self-produced electricity.
20．What can be inferred about the Sky Pool?
A．It went viral online. B．It is located in Asia.
C．It involves virtual reality. D．It is a creative design.
21．Which news may environmentalists be most interested in?
A．News I and News 2. B．News 3 and News 4.
C．News l and News 3. D．News 2 and News 4.
19．C
20．D
21．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四條有趣的消息，分別是Living without electricity（無電生活）、A playhouse made of instant noodles（方便面做的房子）、Swimming through the sky（穿過天空游泳）和Painting in virtual reality（虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)中的繪畫）。
19．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Living without electricity部分的“They rely on fuel sources(來源) such as solar and fire to do daily tasks.”（它們依靠太陽能和火等燃料來完成日常工作。）可知，Noplug社區(qū)的燃料來源是太陽能和火。故選C。
20．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)Swimming through the sky部分的“Thanks to modern technology and architectural innovations, the pool can handle the natural movements of the two buildings it connects.”（由于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和建筑創(chuàng)新，游泳池可以使用連接兩個建筑的自然運(yùn)動。）可知，Sky Pool的建造使用了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和建筑創(chuàng)新。故選D。
21．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)Living without electricity部分的“Noplug is a small community in Seoul, South Korea. It hopes they can make a difference by reducing the carbon use. ”（Noplug是韓國首爾的一個小社區(qū)。它希望他們能通過減少碳的使用來有所作為。）以及A playhouse made of instant noodles部分的“a Mr Zhang, who spent four days building the structure out of out-of-date instant noodles ”（張先生花了4天時間用過期的方便面建造了這座建筑）可知這些都是有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境的。所以環(huán)保主義者最感興趣的新聞是Living without electricity和A playhouse made of instant noodles。故選A。

（2022·河南洛陽·二模）
With researchers suggesting that sitting is the new smoking, sit-stand desks (SSD) have become a common tool to interrupt long sitting in an office or classroom environment. As this furniture becomes popular, conflicting opinions have arisen on whether they can work as successfully as they are intended. Dr. April Chambers from the University of Pittsburgh worked with teammates to gather data from 3 studies and published a review article listing present information on the benefits of SSDs.
“There has been a great deal of scientific research about sit-stand desks in the past few years, but we have only scratched the surface of this topic,” said Chambers. I want to gather what we’ve known so far to figure out how we can use these desks to better benefit people in the workplace.
This work was done with Dr. Nancy A．Baker from Tufts University. The review examines the effects of a sit-stand desk in the following aspects: behavior, physiological(生理的), work performance, psychological, discomfort, and posture. Their work showed that using an SSD effectively got participants to sit less and stand more and that the device made users more comfortable at work. However, many frustrations (沮喪) with SSDs came from the physiological outcomes. According to the review, physiological effects were the most studied, but there were no significant results with regards to fatness.
There are many considerations about using an SSD most effectively, such as desk height, monitor height, and the amount of time to stand. Chambers believes that the overall arrangement of the workplace or study place and the amount of work are two factors that should be further studied.
Chambers noted that present research is limited because many of the studies were done with young and healthy subjects who were asked to use the desk for a week or a month at most. Since some of the significant benefits are with heart health or muscle discomfort, it may be beneficial to perform additional studies with middle-aged or overweight workers.
22．The arguments about SSDs mainly lie in .
A．their side effects B．their popularity
C．their practical results D．their original intentions
23．Why did Chambers publish the article?
A．To call on people to stand more. B．To suggest ways to better use SSDs.
C．To contradict the existing opinions. D．To find out the drawbacks of SSDs.
24．What’s the researchers’ attitude to SSDs’ physiological result?
A．Disappointed. B．Content.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
25．What needs to be further examined according to Chambers?
A．The height of the desk and the monitor.
B．The time people spend in standing.
C．Behavior and psychological aspects.
D．A broader range of the participants.
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員表示，久坐相當(dāng)于吸煙，坐立兩用桌(SSD)已經(jīng)成為辦公室或教室中打斷長時間坐著的常用工具。匹茲堡大學(xué)的April Chambers博士與隊友一起收集了3項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)，并發(fā)表了一篇綜述文章，列出了目前關(guān)于SSDs的好處的信息。
22．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“As this furniture becomes popular, conflicting opinions have arisen on whether they can work as successfully as they are intended.”（隨著這種家具越來越受歡迎，關(guān)于它們是否能如預(yù)期那樣成功，出現(xiàn)了相互矛盾的意見。）可知，關(guān)于 SSDs的爭論主要在于他們的實(shí)踐結(jié)果如何。故選C。
23．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Dr. April Chambers from the University of Pittsburgh worked with teammates to gather data from 3 studies and published a review article listing present information on the benefits of SSDs.”（匹茲堡大學(xué)的April Chambers博士與隊友一起收集了3項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)，并發(fā)表了一篇綜述文章，列出了目前關(guān)于 SSDs的好處的信息。）可知，Chambers 發(fā)表這篇文章是為了建議更好地使用 SSDs。故選B。
24．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“However, many frustrations (沮喪) with SSDs came from the physiological outcomes. According to the review, physiological effects were the most studied, but there were no significant results with regards to fatness.”（然而，許多關(guān)于SSDs的挫折來自于生理結(jié)果。根據(jù)這篇綜述，生理影響是研究最多的，但關(guān)于肥胖沒有顯著的結(jié)果。）可知，研究人員對SSDs的生理結(jié)果持失望的態(tài)度。故選A。
25．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Chambers noted that present research is limited because many of the studies were done with young and healthy subjects who were asked to use the desk for a week or a month at most.”（Chambers 指出，目前的研究是有限的，因?yàn)樵S多研究是在年輕和健康的受試者中進(jìn)行的，這些受試者被要求使用辦公桌一周或最多一個月。）可知，Chambers認(rèn)為進(jìn)一步研究需要的是需要更廣范圍的受試者。故選D。

（2022·遼寧·一模）
Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of his life, now with a new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really immersing ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that's what a poem does,” he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents.
He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many poets as it does. And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.” Not everyone believes that's what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it's happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn't survived the cancer. Don't we still have a role as healers there?”
In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
26．Which of the following is true about Rafael Campo?
A．He is a doctor. B．He benefits from education.
C．He is a professional poet. D．He isn’t keen on poetry.
27．What do Rafael’s words in the second Paragraph show?
A．Medical training is significant. B．Poetry has no effects on medical treatment.
C．Poetry is similar to medical work in a sense. D．Patients are closely linked to doctors.
28．Which statement will Andrea Schwartz agree with concerning poetry?
A．It relieves patients' family members. B．It contributes to medical work a lot.
C．It has nothing to do with patients. D．It prevents doctors understanding patients.
29．What will Rafael Campo do to achieve his wish?
A．Assist the students in medical schools. B．Teach those patients in the hospital.
C．Write poems for his medical students. D．Stick to his unique way in the medical field.
26．A
27．C
28．B
29．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了眾多醫(yī)學(xué)界權(quán)威人士覺的詩歌和醫(yī)學(xué)工作有許多共同之處以及詩歌可以為醫(yī)生提供一個有用的工具。
26．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet. (拉斐爾是一位醫(yī)生，教授和備受尊敬的詩人)”可知，Rafael Campo是一名醫(yī)生。故選A。
27．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really immersing ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that's what a poem does (我和病人的每一次會面都充滿了詩意。 我認(rèn)為治愈是詩歌的一種很棒的方式。當(dāng)我們和病人在一起的時候，如果我們做任何事情，我們真的會沉浸在他們的故事中，真的會聽到他們的聲音。當(dāng)然，這就是詩歌的作用)”可推知，Rafael Campo在第二段所說的話表明詩歌在某種意義上類似于醫(yī)療工作。故選C。
28．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“She said, “I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many poets as it does. And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.”(她說：“我認(rèn)為除了醫(yī)學(xué)，沒有其他職業(yè)能像它這樣培養(yǎng)出如此多的詩人。 我認(rèn)為，這是因?yàn)樵诓∪俗畋瘋臅r候，醫(yī)生和病人之間的互動有著巨大的力量?！?)”可知，Andrea Schwartz會同意B選項(xiàng)“詩歌對醫(yī)療工作有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”的說法。故選B。
29．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.(他說，他將繼續(xù)教學(xué)生，幫助病人，寫詩，這是他自己的醫(yī)藥品牌)”可知，Rafael Campo會在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域堅持自己獨(dú)特的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)他的愿望。故選D。

（2021·陜西·渭南市臨渭區(qū)教學(xué)研究室二模）
Scientists have shown a new printing process that can turn just about any piece of paper into a waterproof keyboard (防水鍵盤) that you can fold up and put in your pocket and it doesn't require a power source.
The technique makes use of a special coating that's repellent (排斥的) to liquids and dust, which allows multiple circuit (電路) layers to then be printed on top of the paper without any dirt between the layers. On the other side of the paper, standard ink printing can then be used to point out where the pressure points (the buttons) are, and what they represent. These layers can be printed in any design you want. What's more, no batteries are required to operate the finished keyboard. It's able to be fully powered from the touch of the operator and the mechanical energy that's produced.
“This is the first time a self-powered paper-based electronic device has been shown,” says engineer Ramses Martinez, from Purdue University. When the printed parts of the paper get pressed, they're able to send signals over Bluetooth to another device a laptop, for example. You've then got a lightweight, foldable keyboard that can be taken anywhere and easily wiped clean when needed.
The technology is great. It's good for the environment (the paper can be simply recycled again), and it's flexible — as well as being water-resistant and completely customizable. These paper devices are cheap to produce as well — less than $0.25 each, according to the researchers. Potential uses include smart packaging, or where temporary input devices are required.
“I expect this technology to help the user interact with food packaging checking whether the food is safe to be consumed, or allowing users to sign the package that arrives at home by dragging their fingers over the box to properly identify themselves as the owner of the package,” says Martinez. Additionally, our group showed that simple paper sheets from a notebook can be transformed into music player interfaces (界面) for users to choose songs and play them.
30．What does the keyboard look like according to the text?
A．It consists of several layers of paper.
B．It is printed on both sides of the paper.
C．It is smaller than an ordinary keyboard.
D．It has its buttons hidden behind the layers.
31．How is the keyboard connected to other devices?
A．By giving signals via Bluetooth.
B．By being attached to other devices.
C．By getting any part of the paper pressed.
D．By using the power produced by other devices.
32．What can we infer about the keyboard from the text?
A．It is portable and beautiful.
B．It is convenient and fashionable.
C．It is high-powered and permanent.
D．It is eco-friendly and economical.
33．What do Martinez's words in the last paragraph show?
A．The technology makes food packaging easy.
B．The technology has been used in food industry.
C．The technology can be employed in more fields.
D．The technology will improve the quality of food.
30．B
31．A
32．D
33．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個新的印刷工藝，可以把任何一張紙變成一個防水鍵盤。這款鍵盤它既環(huán)保又經(jīng)濟(jì)。
30．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The technique makes use of a special coating that's repellent (排斥的) to liquids and dust, which allows multiple circuit (電路) layers to then be printed on top of the paper without any dirt between the layers. On the other side of the paper, standard ink printing can then be used to point out where the pressure points (the buttons) are, and what they represent.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)使用了一種特殊的涂層，這種涂層可以防止液體和灰塵進(jìn)入，這樣就可以在紙的上面打印出多個電路層，層與層之間就不會有任何污垢。在紙張的另一面，可以使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)墨水打印來指出壓力點(diǎn)（按鈕）的位置以及它們代表的內(nèi)容)”可知，鍵盤是被印在紙的兩面的。故選B。
31．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“When the printed parts of the paper get pressed, they're able to send signals over Bluetooth to another device a laptop, for example.(當(dāng)紙張的打印部分被壓下時，它們能夠通過藍(lán)牙向另一個設(shè)備發(fā)送信號，例如筆記本電腦)”可知，鍵盤是通過藍(lán)牙發(fā)送信號連接到其他設(shè)備的。故選A。
32．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“It’s good for the environment (the paper can be simply recycled again), and it’s flexible — as well as being water-resistant and completely customizable. These paper devices are cheap to produce as well — less than $0.25 each, according to the researchers.(這對環(huán)境有好處（這種紙可以簡單地回收利用），而且它很靈活——而且防水，而且完全可以定制。據(jù)研究人員稱，這些紙質(zhì)設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)成本也很低——每個不到0.25美元)”可推知，這款鍵盤它既環(huán)保又經(jīng)濟(jì)。故選D。
33．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Additionally, our group showed that simple paper sheets from a notebook can be transformed into music player interfaces (界面) for users to choose songs and play them.(此外，我們的團(tuán)隊還表明，筆記本電腦中的簡單紙張可以轉(zhuǎn)換成音樂播放器界面，供用戶選擇歌曲并播放)”可知，Martinez的話表明該技術(shù)可以應(yīng)用于更多領(lǐng)域。故選C。

（2022·江蘇南通·二模）
When Narayanswami was invited to a dinner by a friend who worked at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, she was excited. Many of the guests flew planes. “I must have expressed some yearning(渴望),”she says, because someone told her “You should join the flying club!” The next day Narayanswami, who was 57 at the time, arranged to meet an instructor. “I said ‘Aren’t I too old?” He said “We’ve got students in their 80s.”
Narayanswami grew up in Southwest London, and at grammar school suffered horrific racist bullying. The library provided shelter. But, as she reached her late teens, she feel family pressure for an arranged marriage; “I really protested,” she says. “But I want to be an astronaut! My mother made a promise.???As long as you are getting an education we will not look for a husband for you.”
Narayanswami studied biology at Leicester University, then did a PhD at St Andrew, followed by postdoctoral research at the University of California. “Every time you move you get further away,” her dad remarked on the phone. “I didn’t feel I would be able t escape unless I did that,” she says.
In 2020, aged 64, Narayanswami finished 423 light hours she needed to earn her pilot's license. Then she applied to Nasa’s astronaut corps, but received a very appreciative rejection. Even now, at 66, she says “I haven't been able to figure out how to deal with it. It doesn’t go away.” The racist bullying she received as a child has cast a very long shadow.
Flying has helped. It is a workout: she has to tow the plane out to the taxiway. And it offers a different perspective. “I can see eagles, bears, mountain lions, birds of prey. I love the beauty of the clouds. They are like hills. Vaster than our hills,” she says.
New possibilities have arisen—Narayanswami chairs the board of the General Aviation Awards in the US—but she finds relaxing difficult. In light, she is part of a huge network of people who are communicating by radio frequency. There is no sense of skin colour. We are all tied together by our voices.
34．How did the instructor’s words sound to Narayanswami?
A．Disappointing. B．Embarrassing.
C．Annoying. D．Encouraging.
35．What does the,underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Accepting an aged marriage. B．Receiving an education.
C．Keeping a distance. D．Making a promise:
36．What does Narayanswami think of Nasa's rejection?
A．It indicates prejudice against her. B．It ruins her childhood memory.
C．It raises concern for her age. D．It leaves room for negotiation.
37．What does flying bring to Narayanswami?
A．A good way of relaxation. B．A different dimension of life.
C．A rich knowledge of wild lie. D．A full exhibition of leadership.
34．D
35．B
36．A
37．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了納拉揚(yáng)斯瓦米從57歲開始學(xué)習(xí)飛行的故事。
34．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“The next day Narayanswami, who was 57at the time, arranged to meet an instructor. I said “Aren’t I too old?”He said “We've got students in their 80s.”（第二天，當(dāng)時57歲的納拉揚(yáng)斯瓦米安排見了一位教練。我說“我不會太老了嗎？”他說“我們有80多歲的學(xué)生?！保笨芍?，納拉揚(yáng)斯瓦米本來還是有些擔(dān)心自己年齡太大了，聽到教練的話，是比較令人鼓舞的，故選擇D項(xiàng)。
35．
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“My mother made a promise.As long as you are getting an education we will not look for a husband for you.（我母親答應(yīng)了只要你接受教育，我們就不會為你找丈夫。）”及第三段中“Narayanswami studied biology at Leicester University, then did a PhD at St Andrew, followed by postdoctoral research at the University of California（納拉揚(yáng)斯瓦米在萊斯特大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生物學(xué)，然后在圣安得烈大學(xué)獲得博士學(xué)位，隨后在加利福尼亞大學(xué)進(jìn)行博士后研究。）”可知，此處that的指代的是上文中提到的接受教育能幫助她擺脫包辦婚姻，故選擇B項(xiàng)。
36．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Even now, at 66,she says: “I haven't been able to figure out how to deal with it. It doesn’t go away.”The racist bullying she received as a child has cast a very long shadow.（即使到了現(xiàn)在，66歲的她說：“我還不知道如何應(yīng)對，這種感覺揮之不去?！彼r候受到的種族主義欺凌給她留下了很深陰影。）”可知，納拉揚(yáng)斯瓦米認(rèn)為美國宇航局的拒絕是出于對她的偏見，故選擇A項(xiàng)，
37．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“And it offers a different perspective. “I can see eagles, bears, mountain lions, birds of prey. I love the beauty of the clouds. They are like hills. Vaster than our hills,” she says.（它提供了一個不同的視角。她說：“我能看到鷹、熊、山獅、猛禽。我喜歡云朵的美麗。它們像山一樣。比我們的山還要廣闊?！保笨芍?，飛行給她帶來了生活的另一種維度，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

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