高中英語語法-初步掌握非謂語動詞的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法知識精講.rar-新人教[整理]學案-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

初步掌握非謂語的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
二. 教學重難點
掌握非謂語所能夠充當?shù)木渥映煞?br>（一）非謂語的分類以及各自在句子中所能充當?shù)某煞帧?br>非謂語分為不定式，動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。（動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同）
以下表格表示的是它們各自所能充當?shù)某煞郑?br>現(xiàn)在分詞：（ding，having dne，being dne，having been dne）
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做表語。（即進行時態(tài)）
如：
He is playing ftball n the playgrund.
I was studying English frm 1991 t 1999.
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做定語。
如：
D yu knw the man speaking t my teacher?
I saw a sleeping cat when I entered the rm.
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句子中做狀語表示在主句動作發(fā)生的同時，主語又發(fā)生的事情。
如：
The by sat there thinking abut his plan.
The man lked at his brken car, wndering hw much it will cst t get it repaired.
Having finished his breakfast, Tm went t schl.
Being highly praised, he thught f anther great adventure.
注意：非謂語做狀語的時候，其邏輯主語一定是主句的主語，
如：
Having examined him, the dctr tld him OK.
Having been examined, he was tld OK.
特例：不需與主句主語一致的現(xiàn)在分詞狀語有：judging frm/by， generally speaking，cnsidering，talking f，suppsing，beginning等）
4. 在句子中做賓補。（以現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補的動詞主要有：mind，suggest， imagine，see，
hear，feel，smell，taste，keep等）
如：
Can yu imagine him waiting here fr anther 2 hurs?
He suggested us ging hme and cming here tmrrw.
She smelt smething burning.
She just kept her students cleaning the classrm every day.
We were suggested ging hme.
He was seen playing the vilin wnderfully.
過去分詞：
1. 過去分詞在句子中做表語。（即被動語態(tài)）
如：
His jb has been finished.
She is highly praised.
2. 過去分詞在句子中做定語。
如：
D yu knw the difference between written and spken English?
The huse with a brken windw is his.
The windw brken by him is being repaired nw.
3. 過去分詞在句子中做賓補。（接過去分詞做賓補的動詞主要有：get，make，have，
see，hear等）
He has had/made/gt his hair cut.
She saw her husband killed in the war.
His hair was made cut.
She was heard awarded the Oscar award.
4. 過去分詞做狀語。
注意非謂語做狀語的時候，主語與非謂語的一致問題。
Permitted, he wuld have succeeded in ding that.
討論：此句為什么不用having been permitted?
本句的句意是“如果當時他被允許（做這件事）的話，他本會成功的”
過去分詞做狀語可以表示條件，與if + dne可以互換。
而現(xiàn)在分詞中的完成被動式不可以，它只可以表示完成被動，
而且只有非謂語與謂語是很鮮明的先后關(guān)系時才可以用（平時很少用到）
如：
Having been finished, his hmewrk was sent t his teacher t be crrected.
如果非謂語與謂語是一般的先后關(guān)系的話，直接用過去分詞即可
如：
Guided by the guide, he fund the place easily.
Sclded by the teacher, he felt very depressed.
英語中用主動表示被動的情況
在不定式做定語時，如果不定式的真正主語（未必是本句的主語）出現(xiàn)了的話，要
用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài)。
如：
I have sme hmewrk t d.
I have sme hmewrk fr yu t d.
I have sme hmewrk t be dne.
There is sme hmewrk t d/t be dne.
There is sme hmewrk fr us t d.
The building t be built is ur new library.
The building fr them t build is ur new library.
2. 出現(xiàn)在表示主語性質(zhì)的形容詞后面的不定式，要用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài)。
如：
This bk is easy t read.
This TV is cheap t buy.
3. 謂語動詞在表示主語性質(zhì)的時候，要用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài)。
如：
This kind f bks sell well.
This pen writes well.
Dn’t drp the ink ver yur clthes. It desn’t wash ut.
4. 一些詞組中的動名詞的用法。（be wrth ding，need/want/require/deserve）
如：
The car needs/wants/requires repairing.
This bk deserves/is wrth reading.
【典型例題】
[例1] His speech in English was difficult .
A. in fllwing B. fr being fllwed
C. t fllw D. t be fllwed by
（答案為C，不定式在表示主語性質(zhì)的形容詞后面要用主動表被動）
[例2] D yu think him easy ?
A. t get alng with B. t get alng
C. t be gt alng with D. t be gt alng
（答案為A，同上）
[例3] Is this yur ______ stick?
A. walk B. walked C. walking D. t walk
（答案為C，動名詞做定語表示用途）
[例4] They are thinking abut ______ ff ______ the meeting.
A. put, hld B. putting, hlding
C. putting, hld D. put, hlding
（答案為B，動名詞做賓語）
[例5] They sat there, ______ what t d.
A. knwing B. didn’t knw
C. dn’t knw D. nt knwing
（答案為D，現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，否定式）
[例6] Are yu ging t attend the meeting ______ next Mnday?
A. held B. t hld C. t be held D. being held
（答案為C，被動+將來，用不定式被動）
[例7] He kept the windw ______ fr anther 2 hurs.
A. pen B. pened C. pening D. clse
（答案為A，形容詞做賓補，pen是暫轉(zhuǎn)動詞，它的被動語態(tài)也是暫轉(zhuǎn)動詞，故B不正確）
[例8] ______ mre time, he culd d it better.
A. Giving B. Given
C. T give D. Having given
（答案為B，過去分詞做狀語表完成被動）
[例9] He was punished fr ______ the windw.
A. his brken B. his breaking
C. having brken D. brken
（答案為C，介詞后面的動名詞，注意此句中應(yīng)用完成）
[例10] ______ care f the baby, r it may fall ill.
A. Taking B. T take C. Taken D. Take
（答案為D，祈使句，兩句間有連詞r證明是復合句，那么前面的句子一定要有一個謂語。）
[例11] ______ acrss the railway, a train hit it.
A. Walking B. While walking
C. As it was walking D. While it was walking
（答案為D，非謂語做狀語的時候，其邏輯主語必須是主句的主語，因此AB均不對，C的連詞as用于“與此同時”，故也不正確。注：while與when都可以表示“正當…”）
[例12] ______ frm his accent（口音）, he must be frm America.
A. Judging B. Judged
C. Being judged D. T judge
（答案為A，主語與非謂語不一致的例子之一）
1. It’s well wrth ______ the effrt t learn hw t d it.
A. making B. being made C. t make D. t be made
2. The detective, ______ t read a newspaper, glanced at the man ______ next t a wman.
A. pretending, seating B. pretending, seated
C. pretended, seating D. pretended, seated
3. New ideas smetimes have t wait fr years befre ______.
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted
C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted
4. ______ ill wrried my parents greatly.
A. I fell B. Me falling C. My falling D. I falling
5. She suggested _______ fr an uting the next Sunday.
A. g B. t g C. ging D. gne
6. He asked wh was the man ______ n.
A. t be perating B. perating
C. t perate D. being perated
7. She is writing a letter t a friend f hers, ______ him t attend the meeting.
A. having invited B. inviting C. t invite D. invited
8. _______, he went t ask his teacher fr help.
A. Nt knwn hw t d it B. Unknwn hw t d
C. Knwing hw t d D. Nt knwing hw t d it
9. It is n use ______ that yu didn’t knw the rules.
A. pretend B. t pretend C. pretending D. pretended
10. The building ______ is fr ur teachers.
A. has built B. t be building C. being built D. t build
11. The dictinary ______ n the desk belngs t LiTa.
A. lay B. laying C. lying D. laid
12. The lady ______ an expensive diamnd necklace lked ______.
A. wearing, wrried B. wre, wrried
C. wears, wrrying D. wre, wrrying
13. We appreciate（贊賞） ______ the prblem with yu again.
A. t discuss B. t be discussing
C. discussing D. having discussed
14. The ld man needs ______.
A. t lk after B. lking after
C. being lked after D. t be lking after
15. My favrite sprts are ______.
A. swimming and skating B. t swim and skate
C. t swim and skating D. swimming and t skate
16. I can hardly imagine Jhn ______ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in 5 days.
A. sail B. t sail C. sailing D. t have sailed
17. Lk arund when ______ the street.
A. yu crssing B. t crss C. crssing D. crssed
18. Did yu see ______ twards us?
A. she running B. she run C. her run D. her running
19. Nt until Jane gt ff the bus did she find her wallet ______.
A. missed B. missing C. lsing D. lse
20. The mther asked her daughter nt t delay ______ the paper.
A. handing in B. t hand in C. hand in D. having handed in
[參考答案]
1—10 ABACCDBDCC
11—20 CACBACCDBA
成分
類別
主語
賓語
表語
定語
狀語
補語
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
動名詞
√
√
√
√
現(xiàn)在分詞
√
√
√
√
過去分詞
√
√
√
√

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