動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)指的是謂語動(dòng)詞各種動(dòng)詞形式。在初中階段我們一共學(xué)過以下7種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)是表示句子主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。英語中的動(dòng)詞語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
三，時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志即答題依據(jù)
一，概念。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。二，結(jié)構(gòu)。 主語+動(dòng)詞 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
I ften play basketball with my friends after schl.Tm is a smart by.
動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：(1)直接在詞尾加-s。swim→swims, wrk→wrks, travel→travels，play→plays, leave→leaves(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh, 結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加-es。pass→passes, fix→fixes, teach→teaches，wash→washes, g→ges, d→des(3)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i加-es。study→studies, fly→flies, cry→cries, carry→carries
三，標(biāo)志詞。always，ften, smetimes, seldm, hardly ever, never, every day, every week, every mnth, every year等。
1. Diana, tgether with her friends,________ Chinese in China. A.study B. have studied C. studies D. are studying2.---What’s his brther? ---He is a teacher. He ____maths at a schl. A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach
注意：1，描述客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)等要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。在賓語從句中，即使主句是一般過去時(shí)，但從句表示客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)時(shí)，從句依然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher tld us that the earth is rund yesterday. 昨天老師告訴我們地球是圓的。2，在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。I will be a pliceman when I grw up in the future. 我將來長大了要當(dāng)一名警察。I'll ring yu up if he cmes back tmrrw. 如果他明天回來，我會(huì)給你打電話。
Yesterday the teacher tld us the earth ______ the sun. A. ges arund B. went arund C.is ging arund D. wuld g arundJhnsn wn’t answer the phne if he ______ the number. A. knew B.desn’t knw C. will knw D. didn’t knw
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 七下 Unit6 I’m watching TV
一，概念： 表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。二，結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則：(1)直接在詞尾加-ing。listen→listening, read→reading, laugh→laughing(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e再加-ing。make→making, change→changing(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，則雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing。stp→stpping, swim→swimming, sit→sittingplan→planning, babysit→babysitting(4)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改ie為y，再加-ing。die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying
三，標(biāo)志詞：nw, at the mment，情景詞lk, listen等。
1.---Where is yur mther, Tm? ---She ______ the flwers in the garden. A. waters B. is watering C. watered D. has watered2.---Paul, I’m busy cking. Can yu give me a hand? ---Just a minute. I _____ my e-mail. A. am checking B. will check C. have checked D. have climbed
一，概念。 過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。二，結(jié)構(gòu)。 主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式形式（did）
七下 Unit 11 Hw was yur schl trip? Unit 12 What did yu d last weekend?
動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則(1)直接在詞尾加-ed。plant→planted, wrk→wrked, lk→lked(2)以e結(jié)尾的，加-d。live→lived, change→changed(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，則雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。plan→planned, stp→stpped(4)以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i加-ed。study→studied, try→tried(5)不規(guī)則變化表（九年級(jí)課本尾頁）
三，標(biāo)志詞。 yesterday, the day befre yesterday, last week, last mnth, last year, tw days ag, three years ag, in 2001, just nw, this mrning等。
1.---Jerry, have yu ever been t the Great Wall? ---Yes. I ______ there with my parents last years. A. g B. went C. will g D. have gne2.---Linda is nt cming fr the party tnight. ---But she ______! A. prmises B. prmised C. will prmise D. has prmised
一，概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。二，結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are ging t＋動(dòng)詞原形主語+will＋動(dòng)詞原形三，標(biāo)志詞：tmrrw, the day after tmrrw, this afternn/evening, next week, next mnth, next year, in +時(shí)間段(如 in tw days)。
八上 Unit6 I’m ging t study cmputer science Unit7 Will peple have rbts
1. With the develpment f science and technlgy , rbt cks _____ in ur families in the future. A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing2.There ______ a basketball game between these tw grades in the gym this afternn. A. will B. is ging t have C. is ging t be D. will have
一，概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作二，結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋was/were ＋現(xiàn)在分詞 三，標(biāo)志詞：At nine ’clck last night , at that time , at that mment, this time yesterday 以及when , while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
八下 Unit5 What were yu ding when the rainstrm came?
1.---I called yu at 8:30 last night, but yu didn’t answer. --- Oh, I_____ a mvie at hme at that time. A. watched B. am watching C. was watching D. watch2.---Where were Bill and David when the teacher came in?---They _____ in the hallway. A. are talking B. have talked C. were talking D. talk
一，概念：1,過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果.2, 動(dòng)作由過去發(fā)生，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。二，結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋have/has+過去分詞（dne）（變化規(guī)則同過去式） 三，標(biāo)志詞：already, yets, far, recently , lately, in the past few years, fr+時(shí)間段， since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過去時(shí)
八下 Unit8 Have yu read Treasure Island yet？ Unit9 Have yu ever been t a museum? Unit10 I’ve had this bike fr three years.
1.---D yu still play basketball? ---Oh, n. I______ it in the past tw years. A. haven’t played B. didn’t play C. wn’t play D. had’t played2.---Yur new watch is s nice! When did yu buy it! ---In April. I______ it fr tw mnths. A. have had B. had C. have bught D. bught
have/has gne t 去了……（還沒有回來，不在說話的地方）， have/has been t 去過……（已經(jīng)回來了，在說話的地方），
1.---Have yu ever been t Beijing? ---Yes. I ______ there twice. It’s a mdern city. A. have gne B. have been C. has been D. has gne2.---Lk! Yur teacher is ver there. ---N, it can’t be her. She _____ t Beijing. A. have gne B. have been C. has gne D. has been
一，概念：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。二，結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋had+過去分詞（dne） 三，標(biāo)志詞：by the end f +過去的時(shí)間, by +過去的時(shí)間, when+過去的時(shí)間, befre+過去的時(shí)間=by the time+過去的時(shí)間等。
九年級(jí) Unit 12 Life is full f the unexpected.Befre I gt t the bus statin, the bus had left.
The plane _______ when we gt t the airprt. A. had taken ff B. was taking ff C. will take ff D. is taking ff2. We _____2,000 wrds by the end f last term. A. have learned B. had learned C. learned D. was learning
1，主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。如：Tm finishes his hmewrk.2，被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的承受著和接受者。如： The hmewrk is finished by Tm. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be dne (+by+賓語)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are +dne 一般過去時(shí)：was/were+ dne 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are +being dne 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+ being dne 一般將來時(shí)：will/be ging t +be dne 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has +been dne 過去完成時(shí)：had+ been dne 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be dne
主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的方法：1，找到主動(dòng)句的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。2，將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語（賓格要變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?，將主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閎e dne結(jié)構(gòu)（注意be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)并與主語保持主謂一致）.4，將主動(dòng)句的主語前加by放在被動(dòng)句的句末做賓語（主格要變?yōu)橘e格）,可省略。
He finished his hmewrk at 8:30 last night.
was finished
at 8:30 last night
1 .The teacher tld us nt t put ff tday's wrk till tmrrw. Tday's wrk ________ tday. A．may d　　　　 　　　B．must d C．may be dne D．must be dne2. A lt f trees ________ arund here every year, and we can enjy fresher air nw. A．were planted B．a(chǎn)re planted C．will plant D．a(chǎn)re planting
3. The students slve lts f prblems t help themselves grw up.(改寫句子, 句意不變) Lts f prblems __________ ___________ by the students t help themselves grw up.
4. Teenagers talked abut reading mre bks in their spare time.(改寫句子，句意不變) Reading mre bks _________ _________ by Teenagers in their spare time.

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