?現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時



知識精講


一、現(xiàn)在完成時
表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
主語+ has/have + done (過去分詞)

三、基本用法
用法
示例
表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在
造成的影響或結(jié)果。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
他已經(jīng)獲得了一份獎學(xué)金。
I haven’t seen much of him recently.
我最近已經(jīng)很久沒有看到他。
表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在
也許還要持續(xù)下去,常和for, since連用。
Peter has written six papers for three years.
三年內(nèi)彼得已經(jīng)寫了六篇論文。
He has lived here since 2005.
自從2005年以來,他一直住在這兒。

四、時間狀語
1. yet (常用于否定或疑問句中), already (常用于肯定句中)
2. since+過去時間點/過去時的從句(譯為:自從…以來)
3. for+時間段
4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice…
5. in the past / last few days

五、動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化
情況
變形
示例
一般情況
加-ed
work-worked
visit-visited
以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾
加-d
live-lived
輔音字母加y結(jié)尾
把y變i,加-ed
study-studied
cry-cried
重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾
雙寫尾字母,再加-ed
stop-stopped
drop-dropped

六、動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化:

原形
過去式
過去分詞
AAA型
burst
hurt
cut
hit
read
burst
hurt
cut
hit
read
burst
hurt
cut
hit
read
AAB型
beat
beat
beaten
ABA型
run
come
ran
came
run
come
ABB型
bring
buy
catch
feel
find
keep
make
teach
tell
think
brought
bought
caught
felt
found
kept
made
taught
told
thought
brought
bought
caught
felt
found
kept
made
taught
told
thought
ABC型
begin
break
choose
drive
forget
give
know
swim
write
began
broke
chose
drove
forgot
gave
knew
swam
wrote
begun
broken
chosen
driven
forgotten
given
known
swum
written

七、相關(guān)句式

has
have
主語
第三人稱單數(shù)
第一/二人稱單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)
肯定式
He has turned the light off.
They have already read this book.
否定式
He hasn’t turned the light off.
They haven’t read this book yet.
疑問式
Has he turned the light off?
Have they read this book yet?
簡略回答
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
肯定句:主語+has/have + done+其它.
否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它.
一般疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它?
答語:Yes,主語+has/have. / No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t

八、瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
在完成時中,一個瞬間動詞不能直接與表示一段時間的狀語(for, since等)連用。此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞:
buy? (bought)
have?/?has?had???買??
borrow?(borrowed)
have?/?has?kept???借?
die??(died)
have?/?has?been?dead???死?
leave? (left)
have?/?has?been?away?(?from?)?離開?
begin?(began)
have?/?has?been?on??開始??
join??(joined)
have?/?has?been?in???參加?
go?(went)
have?/?has?been?there?/?in???去?
come/arrive/reach/get?to
have?/?has?been?here?/?in? 來/達?
end?(ended)
have/has?been?over 結(jié)束

例:The?film?began?five?minutes?ago.?
? ---The?film?has?been?on?for?five?minutes.?
---It?has?been?five?minutes?since?the?film?began.?

用“be+形容詞”代終止性動詞??
1. “ be+married” 代替marry??
2. “be+ill” 代替fall?(get)?ill??
3. “be+dead” 代替die?
4. “be+asleep” 代替fall?(get)?asleep??
5. “be+awake” 代替wake/wake?up??
6. “be+gone” 代替lose, die, sell, leave??
7. “be+open” 代替open??
8. “be?closed” 代替close/shut

用“be+副詞”代終止性動詞????
1. “be+on” 代替start, begin????
2. “be+up” 代替get?up
3. “be+back(to)” 代替return?to, come?back?to, go?back?to??
4. “be?here?(there)” 代替come(arrive, reach, get)?here或go?(arrive, reach, get)?there等等

用“be+介詞短語”代終止性動詞??
1.”be?in/at?+地點” 代替go?to?/come?to????
2.”用be?in?the?army”?代替join?the?army????
3.”be?in/at?+地點” 代替move?to?
三點剖析


一、考點:現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法和時間狀語;以及動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。

二、易錯點: has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的區(qū)別。
1. has gone to:表示某人已去了某地,(現(xiàn)未回來)(不可與for+一段時間連用)。
例:---Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里?
---He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去了上海。
2. has been to:表示去過某地,(現(xiàn)已回來)(不可與for+一段時間連用)。
例:I have been to New York three times so far.
到目前為止,我已經(jīng)去過紐約三次了。
3. has been in:表示一直呆在某地,常與時間段搭配。
例:I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。

題模精選


題模一:基本用法

例1.1.1 I _________ already _________ in this school for three years.
A. was; studying
B. are; studying
C. will; study
D. have; studied

例1.1.2 I _________ English since 2010.
A. have learnt
B. have learn
C. learnt
D. learn

例1.1.3 I _________ my pencil yet.
A. have find
B. haven’t found
C. found
D. find

例1.1.4 Mr. Brown isn’t at home. He _________ to his office.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. has go
D. went
題模二:動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則

例1.2.1 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. She _________ (live) in Hubei for two years.

例1.2.2 You needn’t tell him. I _________ (tell) him already.

例1.2.3 We _________ just _________ (have) our lunch.

例1.2.4 Peter _________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.

例1.2.5 They _________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
題模三:句型轉(zhuǎn)換

例1.3.1 I have been there for two years.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________

例1.3.2 My father has lived here since 2000.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________

隨堂練習(xí)



隨練1.1 Zhao Lan _________ already _________ in this school for two years.
A. was; studying
B. will; study
C. has; studied
D. are; studying

隨練1.2 We _________ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
D. knew

隨練1.3 His father _________ the Party since 1978.
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in

隨練1.4 ---Our country _________ a lot so far.
---Yes. I hope it will be even _________.
A. has changed; well
B. changed; good
C. has changed; better
D. changed; better

隨練1.5 Her grandfather _________ for two years.
A. has been dead
B. has died
C. died
D. has been died

隨練1.6 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them _________ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.
3. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train _________ (leave).
4. Mary lost her pen. _________ you_________ (see) it here and there?
5. _________ you _________ (find) your watch yet?
6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _________ (go) to the library.

隨練1.7 Miss Green isn’t in the office. She_______ to the library
A. went
B. was
C. has gone
D. has been

隨練1.8 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. I?have?ever?been?to?India?and?Russia.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
2. I’ve?worked?here?for?ten?years.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
3. Mike?has?already?found?his?watch.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________

自我總結(jié)



課后作業(yè)



作業(yè)1 ---Do you know him well?
--- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made

作業(yè)2 Tom and Jack _________ West Hill Farm already.
A. have got
B. have arrived at
C. have been to
D. have reached

作業(yè)3 ---Where have you _________, Kate?
---I’ve _________ to the bank.
A. gone; gone
B. been; been
C. gone; been
D. been; gone

作業(yè)4 My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been

作業(yè)5 Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes.
A. had begun
B. has been on
C. began.

作業(yè)6 用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. We _________ already _________ (return) the book.
2. My father _________ (read) this book since yesterday.
3. Jack _________ (finish) his homework already.
4. ---Are you thirsty?
---No, I _________ just _________ (have) some orange.
5. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
6. ---Where is Jim?
--- He _________ (go) to England.

作業(yè)7 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. Linda?has?gone?to?the?teacher’s?office.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
2. I?have?already?seen?the?film.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
3. She?has?watched?the?film?twice.
否定句:___________________________________
疑問句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
答案解析

現(xiàn)在完成時



題模精選


題模一:基本用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already和for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。再由句意“我已經(jīng)在這個學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了三年了?!笨芍?,故選D。
例1.1.2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。再由句意“自從2000年我就已經(jīng)開始學(xué)英語了?!笨芍?,故選A。
例1.1.3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,常用于否定句或疑問句中。再由句意“我還沒有找到我的筆?!惫蔬xB。
例1.1.4
【答案】B
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/have been to 去過某地,現(xiàn)已回;has/have gone to 去了某地,現(xiàn)未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家,他去辦公室來了?!笨芍?,故選B。
題模二:動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則
例1.2.1
【答案】 has lived
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。live的過去分詞形式為lived。故填has lived。
例1.2.2
【答案】 have told
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。tell的過去分詞形式為told。故填have told。
例1.2.3
【答案】 have; had
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。just是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。have的過去分詞形式為had。故填have; had。
例1.2.4
【答案】 has lived
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。live的過去分詞形式為lived。故填has lived。
例1.2.5
【答案】 haven’t read
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。read的過去分詞形式為read。故填haven’t read。
題模三:句型轉(zhuǎn)換
例1.3.1
【答案】 否定句:I haven’t been there for two years.
疑問句:Have you been there for two years?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.
例1.3.2
【答案】 否定句:My father hasn’t lived here since 2000.
疑問句:Has your father lived here since 2000?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.
否定回答:No, he hasn’t.
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+was/were. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.

隨堂練習(xí)


隨練1.1
【答案】C
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already 和for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。
隨練1.2
【答案】C
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。
隨練1.3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選D。
隨練1.4
【答案】C
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。so far是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。
隨練1.5
【答案】A
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選A。
隨練1.6
【答案】 1. lived
2. have been
3. has passed; left
4. Have; seen
5. Have; found
6. have gone
【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填lived。
2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。for+時間段 是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填have been。
3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填has passed; left。
4. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。由句意可知瑪麗丟了自己的筆,此事對現(xiàn)在造成影響,以至于問別人有沒有看到。故填Have; seen。
5. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填Have; found。
6. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。由句意可知“同班同學(xué)已經(jīng)去了圖書館”。故填have gone。
隨練1.7
【答案】C
【解析】 現(xiàn)在完成時。
隨練1.8
【答案】 1. 否定句:I?haven’t?ever?been?to?India?and?Russia.
疑問句:Have you ever been to India and Russia?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
2. 否定句:I haven’t?worked?here?for?ten?years.
疑問句:Have you worked here for ten years?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
3. 否定句:Mike?hasn’t?found?his?watch yet.
疑問句:Has Mike?found?his?watch yet?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.
否定回答:No, he hasn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.
2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.
3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.


作業(yè)1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選B。
作業(yè)2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選D。
作業(yè)3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/have been to 去過某地現(xiàn)已回,再由句意可知,故選A。
作業(yè)4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/ have been in 待在某地,可以跟一段時間連用。再由句意可知,故選B。
作業(yè)5
【答案】C
【解析】 時態(tài),根據(jù)for ten minutes可知表示動詞的持續(xù),故選擇用持續(xù)性動詞been on,選項C正確。
作業(yè)6
【答案】 1. have; returned
2. has read
3. has finished
4. have; had
5. has read
6. has gone
【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填have; returned。
2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填has read。
3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填has finished。
4. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。 just是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。 故填have; had。
5. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。故填has read。
6. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。has/ have gone to去了某地還未回,再由句意可知,故填has gone。
作業(yè)7
【答案】 1. 否定句:Linda?hasn’t gone?to?the?teacher’s?office.
疑問句:Has Linda?gone?to?the?teacher’s?office?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.
否定回答:No, he hasn’t.
2. 否定句:I?haven’t seen?the?film yet.
疑問句:Have you seen the film yet?
肯定回答:Yes, I have.
否定回答:No, I haven’t.
3. 否定句:She?hasn’t?watched?the?film?twice.
疑問句:Has she?watched?the?film?twice?
肯定回答:Yes, she has.
否定回答:No, she hasn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.
2. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.
3. 考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換??隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have + done+其它。否定句:主語+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑問句:Has/ Have+主語+done+其它? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+has/have. 否定回答:No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.

相關(guān)試卷

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 狀語從句(含詳解):

這是一份中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 狀語從句(含詳解),共16頁。試卷主要包含了狀語從句概述,狀語從句的分類等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 時間介詞(含詳解):

這是一份中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 時間介詞(含詳解),共11頁。試卷主要包含了表“在……時”的時間介詞,常見時間介詞辨析等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 情態(tài)動詞(含詳解):

這是一份中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 情態(tài)動詞(含詳解),共15頁。試卷主要包含了情態(tài)動詞的定義,常見情態(tài)動詞的用法等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 冠詞(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 冠詞(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 不定代詞(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 不定代詞(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 并列連詞(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 并列連詞(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 被動語態(tài)(含詳解)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練: 被動語態(tài)(含詳解)

資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者,認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán),請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員,我們盡可能的保護您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng),可獲得資源免費推廣曝光,還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵,申請 精品資源制作, 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
中考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源,讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題,支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯,日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇,專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼,快速注冊

手機號注冊
手機號碼

手機號格式錯誤

手機驗證碼 獲取驗證碼

手機驗證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送,5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符,數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部