?2020-2021學(xué)年上海市高三（上）期中英語試卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （20）Section ADirections： After reading the passages below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
?
1.
The Durable Satisfaction of Life
For educated men， what are the sources of the solid and durable satisfactions of life？ I hope you are all aiming at the solid， durable satisfactions of life， not primarily the gratifications of this moment or of tomorrow， but the satisfactions that are going to last and grow.
（1）________ as I have seen， there is one indispensable foundation for the satisfactions of life﹣﹣health. A young man（2）________ be clean， wholesome， vigorous animal.
That is the foundation for everything else， and I hope you will all be that， if you are nothing more. We have to build everything in this world of domestic joy and professional success，everything of a useful， honorable career， （3）________ bodily wholesomeness and vitality. To be a clean， wholesome， vigorous animal （4）________ （involve）a good deal. One must stay energetic and avoid drunkenness， gluttony（暴食）and getting into dirt of any kind. Nevertheless， （5）________ of you would be content with this achievement as the total outcome of your lives. It is indeed a happy thing to enjoy all through life sports and bodily exercise， but， if （6）________ （make）the main object of life， they tire and cease to be a source of durable satisfaction.
What is the next thing， then，（7）________we want in order to make sure of durable satisfactions in life？ We need a strong mental grip， a wholesome capacity for hard work. It is intellectual power and aims that we need. In all the professions﹣﹣﹣learned， scientific， or industrial﹣﹣﹣﹣large mental enjoyments should come to educated men. （8）________ distinguishes the privileged class that has opportunity for prolonged education from the larger class that has not that opportunity is that the educated class lives mainly by the exercise of intellectual powers and gets therefore much （9）________ （great） enjoyment out of life than those who earn a livelihood chiefly by the exercise of bodily powers. You ought to obtain here， therefore， the trained capacity for mental labor， rapid intense and sustained. That is the great thing for you （10）________ （get） in college. Get it now. Get it in the years of college life. It is the main achievement of college to win this mental force， this capacity for keen observation and sustained thought， for everything that we mean by the reasoning power of man. That capacity will be the main source of intellectual joys and of happiness and content throughout a long and busy life.
Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
?


A. possibility B. gloomy C. superficially D. challenge E.opposite F.unbalance
G. intelligently H. escape I. maximize J. false K.energetic

If you think about it，work﹣life balance is a strange aspiration for fulfilling life. Balance is about stasis（靜止）：if our lives were ever in balance﹣﹣﹣﹣parents happy， kids taken care of， work working then our thought would be to shout "Nobody move!" and pray all would stay perfect forever. This （1）_______ hope is made worse by the implication that work is bad， and life is good； we lose ourselves in work but find ourselves in life； we survive work， but live life. And so the challenge， we are told， is to balance the heaviness of work with the lightness of life.
Yet work is not the（2）_______of life. It is instead a part of life just as family is，as are friends and hobbies. All of these aspects of living have their share of wonderful， uplifting moments and their share of（3）_______ moments that drag us down. The same is true of work， yet when we think of it as something bad in need of a counterweight， we lose sight of the （4）_______ for better.
It seems more useful， then， to not try to balance the unbalanceable， but to treat work the same way you do life：（5）_______ what you love. Think of your life's many different activities as threads. Some are black， some are grey and some are white. But some of these activities contain all the signs of love：before you do them， you find yourselves looking forward to them； while you're doing them， time speeds up and you find yourself involved； and after you've done them， you feel （6）_______.These are your red threads， and our research reveals that 73% of us claim that we have the freedom to modify our job to fit our strengths better，but that only 18% of us do so. Your（7）_______，then，is to use your red threads to（8）_______ change， over time， the content of your job， so that it contains more things that you love doing and fewer that you're aching（渴望） to（9）_______.
The most helpful categories for us are not "work" and "life". We should not struggle to balance the two. Instead， the best categories are "love" and loathe（憎恨）". Our goal should be to， little by little，week by week，intentionally （10）_______ all aspects of our work toward the former and away from the latter. Not simply to make us feel better， but so that our colleagues， our friends and our family can all benefit from us at our very best. We can't always do only what we love. But we can always find the love in what we do.
III. Reading Comprehension （45）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
?
????Do?you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike??What about your first heartbreak??（1）_______ moments and the emotions they arouse can resonate in our minds for decades,? powerfully shaping who we are as individuals. But for those who experience severe trauma（創(chuàng)傷）,?such painful memories can leave people with life﹣changing mental conditions. So,?what if traumatic memories did not have to cause so much （2）_______ ??For now,? the work is happening in mice.
????Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram﹣﹣﹣a physical change in brain Tissue（3）_______ a particular recollection. While at MIT in 2013,?Steve Ramirez of Boston University and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough:?They were able to target the cells that（4）_______ one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work,?mice（5）_______ in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance.
????In?their current work,?Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether（6）_______ memories can be "overwritten" by positive ones. In their experiments,?positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour,?and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. After a surgical operation on the mice,?the researchers find that（7）_______ positive memories while mouse is in a cage makes it less fearful. They think that this memory "retraining" may be helping to（8）_______ some of the mouse's trauma.（9）_______ ,?it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed（抑制）.
????（10）_______ Ramirez's team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary（初步的）,? they see treatment potential for humans down the road. Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories （11）_______ ,?for instance,? so that they don't have a strong（12）_______ response to painful recollections.
????If?it's one day possible to alter human memory,?who should be allowed to receive that treatment??And would the （13）_______ system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime??These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings.
????As?neuroscientists progress with their research,?they say these（14）_______ issues are being taken into account. Ramirez sees the idea of （15）_______ memories as neither good nor bad. Like water,?it just depends on how you use it.

（1）
A.Forgettable B.. Memorable C.. Sustainable D..Believable

（2）
A.fruit B.. difference C.. pain D..movement

（3）
A.associated with B.. exchanged for C.. sentenced to D.. deprived of

（4）
A.put off B.. pick up C.. turn on D.. make up

（5）
A.reacted B.. hurried C..stunned D.. resolved

（6）
A.short﹣term B.. negative C.. enjoyable D.. reliable

（7）
A.deleting B.. decreasing C..activating D.. pausing

（8）
A.recreate B.. eliminate C..liberate D.. memorize

（9）
A.Therefore B.. Besides C..Indeed D.. However

（10）
A.Since B.. Unless C..Until D.. While

（11）
A.removed B.. strengthened C..altered D.. stimulated

（12）
A.emotional B.. physical C.. controversial D.. mechanical

（13）
A.immune B.. justice C.. medical D.. commerce

（14）
A.mental B.. ethical C.. criminal D.. equality

（15）
A.killing B.. multiplying C.. controlling D..justifying
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
?
????Imagine having master key for your life,? a key that gives access to your home,? your diary,?your computer,? your phone,? your car,? your safe deposit. Would you go around making copies of that key and giving them to strangers?? Probably not the wisest idea﹣﹣﹣it would be only a matter of time before someone abused it,? right?? So why are you willing to give up your personal data to pretty much anyone who asks for it??
????Privacy is the key that unlocks the aspects of yourself that are most intimate and personal,?that make you most you,? and most vulnerable. When you give that key,? your privacy,? to someone who loves you,?it will allow you to enjoy closeness and they will use it to benefit you. However,?not everyone will use access to your personal life in your interest. Fraudsters might use your date of birth to impersonate you while they commit a crime;? hackers are eager to get hold of sensitive information or images so they can blackmail you. Companies want to know how best to distract you and want you to spend your money on them. They also get to other people through you by asking you for access to your contacts. Moreover,? all sorts of agents would like to use your voice as their mouthpiece on social media and beyond.
????By?now,? most people are aware that their data is worth money. But your data is not valuable only because it can be sold. Facebook doesn't technically sell your data,? for instance. They sell the power to influence you and the power to predict your behavior. Google and Facebook are not really in the business of data﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣they are in the business of power. Even more than monetary gain,?personal data bestows power on those who collect and analyze it,?and that is what makes it so ________. The more that someone knows about us,?the more they can anticipate our every move. Power over others' privacy is the quintessential kind of power in the digital age. An example of power shaping preferences today includes when tech uses research about how dopamine（多巴胺） works to make you addicted to an app.
????Refraining from using tech altogether is unrealistic for most people,?but there is much more you can do short of that. Respect other people's privacy. Don't expose ordinary citizens online. Don't film or photograph people without their consent,?and certainly don't share such images online. When downloading apps and buying products,?choose ones that are better for privacy. Tum your phone's Wi﹣Fi,?Bluetooth and locations services off when you don't need them. Use the legal tools at your disposal to ask companies for the data they have on you and ask them to delete the data. Change your social media settings to protect your privacy.
????Don't make the mistake of thinking you are safe from privacy harms,? maybe because you are young,? optimistic and healthy. But you might not be as healthy as you think you are,? and you will not be young forever. Privacy is important because it gives power to the people. Protect it.

（1）It can be learned from the 2nd paragraph that________.
A. privacy is like a person's master key， which should be protected from anyone else
B. people who don't care about your interest will exploit your data to their advantage
C. criminals will deceive your friends into committing crimes by accessing your contacts
D. customers under threat from advertising agents are forced to advertise products．

（2）According to the context， the underlined word "coveted" is closest in meaning to________.
A. desired B. addicted
C. contained D. overwhelmed．


（3）What is the real motive for digital companies' obtaining people's personal data？________
A. To make short﹣term profits by selling the obtained data to their competitors.
B. To control people's dopamine and prevent them from getting addicted to apps.
C. To keep people's data safe from fraudsters and hackers and ensure their life quality.
D. To gain the power of manipulating people's behaviors by analyzing the data.．

（4）Which of the following is NOT advisable concerning people's privacy safety？________
A. Closing locations services when they are not needed.
B. Resorting to laws for personal data protection.
C. Allowing strangers to browse your WeChat Moments.
D. Not sharing friends' images online without their approval.．
?
????Scenery along the "sky road"
????For?centuries,? Tibet has not been explored as much by the outside world due to its remote location,? extreme climate and geographic environment. Dubbed the "sky road",? the Qinghai﹣Tibet Railway has become the most popular and convenient way to connect Tibet to the rest of China. This 1,?956﹣kilometer﹣long world﹣renowned railway begins in Xining and ends in Lhasa. The stunning scenery along the railway offers not only a feast for the eyes,? but also a journey for the soul.
????Qinghai Lake:? A paradise for birdwatchers and cyclists
????Dazzling like a crystal﹣clear gem,? Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake as well as saline lake in China. Be it the blue sky and water,? the green grassland or mesmerizing landscapes﹣﹣﹣Qinghai Lake boasts great charms that are worth exploring.
????Qinghai Lake is definitely a paradise for bird lovers as many different kinds of birds would fly here to breed in May and June due to the mild weather. Meanwhile,? for cyclists,? cycling around the lake not only allows them to enjoy the beauty of the lake view,? but also while away the time.
????Tips:?
????The?best time to visit the Qinghai Lake is from April to August as numerous Cole flowers blossom along the lake during that time,? forming breathtaking scenery for visitors. In addition,? May and June is the best season for bird lovers.
????Kunlun Mountains:? More than just mountains
????As?the train keeps moving up,? a picturesque view of Kunlun Mountains appears before you. Reputed as the holy mountains,? Kunlun Mountains extend west from the Pamirs with a length of 2,?500 kilometers. The 6,?178﹣meter Yuzhu Peak is the highest of the Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai. The high peaks of the mountains are covered with snow and mist all year round,? creating must﹣see view along the Qinghai﹣Tibet Railway.
????It's?worth mentioning that the Yuzhu Peak is the first sightseeing station for passengers,? which allows them to get off the train and take photos outside. For climbing beginners,?this peak is considered to be the ideal destination as its route requires less technique.
????Hoh?Xil Nature Reserve:?Forbidden zone for humans
????Hoh?Xil,? which means "green mountains" in Mongolian,?is a plateau between the Kunlun and Tanggula mountain ranges,? with an average altitude of 5,?000 meters. Home to many wild animals,?including the Tibetan antelope and the wild yak（牦牛）,?the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve is undoubtedly a desolate region in the northwestern part of the Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau in China.
????The?extensive area of alpine mountains is situated more than 4,?500 meters above sea level,?where sub﹣zero average temperatures prevail all year round. The geographic and harsh climatic conditions have made this place become the "forbidden zone for humans". This is probably one of the few places left on Earth where one could get off the beaten track and find inner peace.
????Tips:?
????As?there are no signs in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve,?visitors often get lost here. Remember to bring a local herdsman with you or rent car to travel.
????Lhasa:?The start of the journey to Tibet
????The?final destination of the Qinghai﹣Tibet train trip﹣Lhasa,? offers almost every aspect of Tibetan culture. If one must pick a name card for Lhasa,? then Potala Palace is very likely to be the answer for that. No one can really say that he/she has visited Lhasa unless they have been to Potala Palace. To start a journey in Lhasa,? the Potala Palace is must﹣see destination for travelers from home and abroad.

（1）If you are a person desiring for an inner state of tranquility （安寧），which of the destinations is a must﹣see one along the "sky road"？________
A. Qinghai Lake B. Kunlun Moutains
C. Hoh Xil Nature Reserve D. Lhasa．


（2）Qinghai Lake is an ideal place to appreciate the following scenery EXCEPT________.
A. green grassland B. snow﹣capped mountains
C. blossoming flowers D. breeding birds．


（3）Which of the following descriptions is TRUE according to the passage？________
A. Railway passengers can take photos near the Yuzhu Peak， but are forbidden to go mountain﹣climbing.
B. The Qinghai﹣Tibet Railway stretches more than 2，000 kilometers beginning in Xining and ending in Rikaze.
C. Some road signs are available in Hoh Xil Nature Reserve for tourists to find their exact location.
D. As a representative place for Lhasa， Potala Palace enjoys a world﹣wide reputation among travelers.．
?
????As?every mobile﹣phone owner knows,? after a year or so the battery starts to fade and the beast needs recharging more frequently. That is a nuisance,? but a phone's batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply or the whole handset traded in for the latest model. ________ Batteries are its priciest component,? representing around 30% of an average of mid﹣size vehicle. Apart from increasing the risk of running out of juice and leaving a driver stranded,? a deteriorating battery quickly destroys a car's second﹣hand value.
????To?provide buyers with some peace of mind,? car makers guarantee their batteries,? typically for eight years or around 200,?000 km. Producers are now,? though,? planning to go much further than that,? with the launch of "million﹣mile" （1.6km﹣kilometre） batteries. Elon Musk has hinted that Tesla has a million﹣mile battery in the works. And over in Detroit,? General Motors （GM） is in the final stages of developing an advanced battery which it says has similar longevity.
????"It's a great catchphrase;? the million﹣mile battery,?" says George Crabtree,?director of the Joint Centre for Energy Storage Research at Argonne National Laboratory,?near Chicago. "But the fact that you can drive a million miles may not be the most relevant parameter to look at. "Regular fast﹣charging reduces battery life,?as do overcharging and deep discharging. Driving in extremely hot or cold weather doesn't help either. And battery life will diminish even if you just leave the car in the garage. The real point of a million﹣mile battery is that the technological advances required to make it possible will deal with these things as well.
????The?lithium﹣ion（Li﹣ion）batteries which power electric cars age in two ways:?with time and with use. Battery﹣makers﹣ call time﹣dependent ageing "calendar ageing". It is consequence of the gradual degradation of some of the materials employed in battery construction,?which reduces a battery's ability to hold a charge. Leaving a car with a fully rather than partly charged battery,?for example,?can increase the rate of calendar ageing. Use﹣dependent ageing is a consequence of the number of discharge﹣﹣recharge cycles a battery goes through. It is caused by the complex chemical reactions that take place when a battery is operating. Some of these are essential to a battery's job of storing and releasing energy.
????Battery technology is improving all the time. As a consequence,?so are calendar and use﹣dependent lifetimes. Getting direct experience of how electric cars are used is helping researchers come up with ways to mitigate（緩和）some of the side reactions,?says Tim Grewe,?the head of GM's' electrification strategy. The company employs remote "telematic" monitoring to keep track of how batteries are performing in its cars,?and also takes back some batteries from high﹣mileage drivers and those living in extreme environments,?such as deserts and mountainous regions,? for analysis.
????Dealing with impurities that get into batteries helps to extend their lives. Water,?for example,?reacts with salts in the electrolyte to form an acid,? which attacks the electrodes. To prevent this,?GM has developed an addictive made from a type of material called a zeolite. Zeolites are molecular sponges. GM's version serves to mop up any moisture which enters a battery cell.
????Adding a little aluminium to a nickelcobalt﹣manganese cathode,?a type that is widely used in Li﹣ion batteries,? save on cobalt,? the most expensive ingredient in a battery. But the aluminium delivers other benefits as well. It boosts the battery's energy density,?meaning a car can travel farther on a single charge. It also make the battery last longer.
????As?a?marketing device,?the million﹣mile battery will give electric﹣car buyers more confidence that their batteries are robust. And by no means are million﹣mile batteries the limit of engineers' aspirations. The next objective is to replace Li﹣ions' liquid electrolytes with solid ones. That would keep the ions under stricter control and allow even longer driving ranges. This could make a two million﹣mile battery a feasible objective. If that day comes,?the tables would have been turned. From being the first part of a car to fail,? its battery will have come the last.

（1）What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean？________
A. It is more profitable to invest in an electric car than in a mobile phone.
B. Spending more money on an electric car can increase its second hand value.
C. It's much more costly to replace the failed batteries of an electric car with new ones.
D. Compared with electric cars， batteries are of less importance to mobile phones.．

（2）According to the passage， which of the following is the least likely to reduce an electric car's battery life？________
A. Unplugging an electric car once it's fully charged.
B. Often charging the car in "fast" mode to save time.
C. Driving an electric car on sweltering summer days.
D. Leaving the car in the parking lot for a long time.．

（3）Which of the following is FALSE regarding the measures researchers take to prolong a battery's lifetime？________
A. Monitoring and studying batteries' performance in long﹣distance traveling.
B. Adding zeolite to encourage the acidifying chemical reaction in the battery.
C. Using aluminium to improve the battery's performance enabling the car to travel farther.
D. Keeping the battery partly charged to reduce its rate of "calendar ageing".．

（4）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________.
A. The current technology enables an electric car to drive a million miles on a single charge.
B. Electric car engineers are always on the go to develop batteries with greater longevity.
C. Policies on the choice of battery materials will be tightened to control the traveling range.
D. Drivers of future electric cars will no longer be worried about battery failure.．
Section CDirections： Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
?


A. The best explanation is that dolphins learned this method from a close associate.
B. Research shows that this behavior gets passed down almost exclusively through the maternal line.
C. Young dolphins spend years in close association with their mothers and naturally tend to adopt their mothers' ways.
D. Because while knowledge from previous generations has been tested by time， certain behaviors may become less useful if conditions change.
E. Take， for example， the clever trick that some dolphins use to catch fish by trapping them in seashells.
F. Based on this assertion， we can't discount the possibility that they innovate individually on their own.

Dolphins learn special foraging（捕食）techniques from their mothers﹣and it's' now clear that they can learn from their buddies as well. （1）________ It turns out that they learn this skill by watching their pals do the job. The discovery，reported in the journal Current Biology， helps reveal how groups of wild animals can transmit learned behaviors and develop their own distinct cultures.
"Dolphins are indeed very clever animals. So it makes sense that they are able to learn from others，" says Sonja Wild， a researcher at the University of Konstanz in Germany. （2）________ This study， however， shows that dolphins are also motivated to learn from their peers in addition to mimicking their mothers.
The bottle﹣nose dolphins that live in Shark Bay，Western Australia，have been studied for decades，and scientists have identified over a thousand individuals by looking at the unique shape and markings of their dorsal fins. Researchers know what families the dolphins belong to，and keep track of their close associates.
Wild and her colleagues have closely examined how dolphins learn particular strategy for catching fish﹣﹣﹣one that involves using the empty shells of large sea snails. A dolphin will chase a fish to one of these shells，and then they insert their beak into the shell， bring the whole thing up to the face. After that，they shake it up above the water surface to drain the water out of the shell until the fish basically falls into their open mouth.
Whether or not dolphins caught fish in this way didn't seem to be explained by how many shells were lying around their hunting area，nor whether a dolphin was genetically related to another dolphin that knew how to do it.（3）________ Previously，it's been shown that humpback whales seem to learn hunting techniques from their peers in a similar way.
The new observations of wild dolphins learning from their peers is "exciting，" says Diana Reiss，a dolphin cognition researcher at Hunter College，CUNY，"It tells us about the source of some these behaviors. It seems like they're not relying on just leaming from mom when they're out there. They seem to be observing others， watching what they're doing and acquiring it from others in their social group."
Being able to learn from peers may help animal populations survive in a changing environment. （4）________ "In unstable environments that are changing，it's more beneficial to kind of look around and see what others are doing，" says Wild， "and maybe adopt their behavioral innovations that may be more adaptive to the new environmental conditions."
I Summary Writing（10分）
?
Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible
One Person/ Multiple Careers
In an art show at a gallery， Gedvile Bunikyte is among the crowd， introducing her latest works on exhibit. However， her talents extend to far more than her beautifully geometric（幾何圖形的）artworks. Bunikyte is what is known as﹣﹣﹣someone who has multiple talents，which she has turned into professional careers，each separated by a "slash" in her job title.
It has become common for people to have a hard time describing what they do for a living，with an increasing number of work﹣related labels attached to each individual. The slasher culture has infiltrated（滲透） every industry. The "lawyer/fashion blogger" combination may seem contradictory to some， but makes perfect sense to multi﹣passionate millennials（千禧一代）. Slash careers are an interesting concept when it comes to work﹣life balance and satisfaction， which has little to do with time spent in areas， but more to do with fulfillment across various areas that make up feelings of balance in one's life.
Slash careers can also make you more desirable to an employer. They give you greater creativity and a broader skill set. Companies are always looking for self﹣starters and innovators on their teams to help them get to the next level. People who have taken the initiative to develop a slash career are more likely to bring those qualities into their office.
Furthermore， it's no secret that millennnials are struggling with money. Americans aged between 18 and 34 had higher rates of being late with mortgage payments，overdrawing checking accounts，and having trouble with medical costs. A slash career might not help with the financial literacy，but it could help pay some of those bills.
The possibilities of slash career options are truly limitless. However，it's better to deeply immerse oneself in a particular career， and then layer in another slash. Personally，when I look back on my own slash career，I find this to be true as well. I began as a mental health counselor，which led to consulting opportunities. Eventually，I made money from my blog and became a social media influencer.
V. Translation（15分3+3+4+5）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
?
今年的第一季度，疫情引起的不確定性導(dǎo)致許多廣告商削減預(yù)算。（lead）
________
?
氣候變化不僅會使極端森林大火的天數(shù)翻倍，它還會增加雷擊的危險(xiǎn)。（Not only）
________
?
疫苗的安全性和有效性是公眾日益關(guān)注的所以要經(jīng)過反復(fù)的評估才能大范圍開啟試驗(yàn)。（concern v.）
________
?
人們理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為沖動購物，尤其在艱難時(shí)期能減緩壓力并帶來即時(shí)的愉悅，這就是為什么在每年的購物狂歡節(jié)，消費(fèi)者總是有許多不必要的開銷。（it）
________
Ⅵ.76. Guided Writing（25分）
?
Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
為積極倡導(dǎo)"綠色低碳生活"，學(xué)校英語雜志社正在舉辦題為"Go Green with Low﹣Carbon﹣Life"的征文活動。請你參加該征文，結(jié)合實(shí)際談?wù)勀愕南敕?，投稿?nèi)容必須包括：
1.你對"綠色低碳生活"的理解
2.你如何踐行該理念（行動及理由）
注：文中不得透露個(gè)人真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。

參考答案與試題解析
2020-2021學(xué)年上海市高三（上）期中英語試卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （20）Section ADirections： After reading the passages below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
1.
【答案】
So/Asfar,should,on,involves,none,made,that,what,greater,to get
【考點(diǎn)】
說明文語法填空
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。短文說明了對受過教育的人來說，堅(jiān)實(shí)而持久的生活滿足的來源是什么。
【解答】
（1）So/As far．考查固定搭配。句意：在我看來，生活的滿足有一個(gè)必不可少的基礎(chǔ)﹣﹣健康。根據(jù)句意，空處填 So/As far。as/ so far as"就……而言"。故填So/As far。
（2）should．考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：年輕人應(yīng)該是干凈、健康、有活力的動物。根據(jù)句意可知，空處表示"建議"應(yīng)用should。故填should.
（3）on．考查固定短語。句意：我們必須把一切都建立在身體健康和活力的基礎(chǔ)上，一切有益的、光榮的事業(yè)。build sth on sth "將一事物作為另一事物的基礎(chǔ)"。故填on。
（4）involves．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：要成為一種干凈、健康、有活力的動物，需要付出很多。本句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動詞不定式做主語，謂語動詞為單數(shù)。故填involves.
（5）none．考查代詞。句意：然而，你們中沒有人會滿足于這個(gè)成就作為你們生命的全部結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意可知，你們中沒有人會滿足于這個(gè)成就作為你們生命的全部結(jié)果。none用于指人或指物，可與of短語連用。故填none.
（6）made．考查省略句。句意：通過一生的運(yùn)動和體育鍛煉來享受生活確實(shí)是一件快樂的事情，但是，如果把它們作為生活的主要目標(biāo)，它們就會感到厭倦，不再是持久的滿足感的來源。本句為狀語從句的省略，還原后為：if they are made，主從句主語相同，且動詞為be動詞，省略主語和be動詞。故填made.
（7）that．考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：那么，為了確保生活中持久的滿足，我們還需要什么呢？。根據(jù)句意，本句為限制性定語從句，逗號只是分割then而以，the next thing為先行詞，在定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞為that。 故填that.
（8）what．考查連接詞。句意：有機(jī)會接受長期教育的特權(quán)階級與沒有機(jī)會接受長期教育的大眾階級的區(qū)別在于，受過教育的階級主要靠智力來生活，因此比那些主要靠體力謀生的人從生活中獲得更多的樂趣。分析句子可知，本句為主語從句，主語從句中缺少主語，所以what來充當(dāng)主語。故填what.
（9）greater．考查形容詞比較級。句意：有機(jī)會接受長期教育的特權(quán)階級與沒有機(jī)會接受長期教育的大眾階級的區(qū)別在于，受過教育的階級主要靠智力來生活，因此比那些主要靠體力謀生的人從生活中獲得更多的樂趣。根據(jù)"than"以及句意可知，本句用形容詞比較級。故填greater.
（10）to get．考查動詞不定式。句意：對你來說上大學(xué)是件好事。本句為it is+名詞+ for sb to do sth"對于某人來說……"的用法， 動詞不定式做主語。故填to get.
Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
【答案】
J,E,B,A,I,K,D,G,H,F
【考點(diǎn)】
選詞填空
【解析】
這是一篇議論文。本文作者論述了工作和生活的關(guān)系，告訴人們應(yīng)該及時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)工作與生活之間的平衡。
【解答】
（1）J. 考查形容詞。句意：工作是壞的，生活是好的，這種暗示使這種虛假的希望變得更糟。根據(jù)上文"Balance is about stasis（靜止）： if our lives were ever in balance ﹣ parents happy， kids taken care of， work working then our thought would be to shout "Nobody move!" and pray all would stay perfect forever. "可知，工作生活停滯不前，祈禱一切完美的希望是錯誤的（false），形容詞false意為"錯誤的"，作定語修飾名詞hope。故選J項(xiàng)。
（2）E. 考查名詞。句意：然而工作并不是生活的對立面。根據(jù)該空前的定冠詞the可知，該空應(yīng)該填名詞；再根據(jù)下一句"It is instead a part of life."可知，工作是生活的一部分，并不是生活的對立面（opposite）。名詞opposite意為"對立面"。故選E項(xiàng)。
（3）B. 考查形容詞。句意：生活的所有這些方面都有精彩、振奮人心的時(shí)刻，也有拖累我們的沮喪時(shí)刻。根據(jù)該空前"wonderful， uplifting moments（精彩、振奮人心的時(shí)刻）"可知，該空意為"沮喪的，憂郁的"，與上文形成對比。形容詞"gloomy"意為"沮喪的，憂郁的"， gloomy作定語修飾名詞moments。故選B項(xiàng)。
（4）A. 考查名詞。句意：工作也是如此，然而當(dāng)我們把它看作是需要一個(gè)糟糕的事情來平衡時(shí)候，我們就忽略了更好的可能性。根據(jù)該空前的"of the"可知，該空應(yīng)該填名詞；再根據(jù)句意，該空意為"可能性"，名詞possibility意為"可能性"，作介詞of的賓語。故選A項(xiàng)。
（5）I. 考查動詞。句意：那么，似乎更有用的是，不要試圖平衡這個(gè)失衡，而是像對待生活一樣對待工作：最大限度地利用你所熱愛的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)及下文，尤其是"modify our job to fit our strengths better"可知，該空意為"最大限度地利用"，動詞maximize意為"充分利用，最大限度地利用"，該句是祈使句，動詞原形maximize置于句首。故選I項(xiàng)。
（6）K. 考查形容詞。句意：但有些活動包含了熱愛的所有跡象：在你做之前，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很期待；當(dāng)你在做的時(shí)候，時(shí)間會加快，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己投入其中；當(dāng)你完成這些活動后，你會感到精力充沛。根據(jù)該空前的系動詞feel可知，該空應(yīng)該填形容詞；再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)及上文"But some of these activities contain all the signs of love"可知，該空意為"精力充沛的"，形容詞energetic意為"精力充沛的"。故選K項(xiàng)。
（7）D. 考查名詞。句意：那么，你的挑戰(zhàn)是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，用你的紅線明智地改變你的工作內(nèi)容，這樣你喜歡做的事情就多了，而逃避工作的痛苦就更少了。 根據(jù)上文，該句中的red threads指的是喜歡做的工作。再根據(jù)該空前是形容詞性物主代詞Your可知，該空應(yīng)該填名詞；再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)及上下文，尤其是"and our research reveals that 73% of us claim that we have the freedom to modify our job to fit our strengths better， but that only 18% of us do so"可知，該空意為"挑戰(zhàn)"，名詞challenge 意為"挑戰(zhàn)"。故選D項(xiàng)。
（8）G. 考查副詞。句意：那么，你的挑戰(zhàn)是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，用你的紅線明智地改變你的工作內(nèi)容，這樣你喜歡做的事情就多了，而逃避工作的痛苦就更少了。 根據(jù)上文，該句中的red threads指的是喜歡做的工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空填應(yīng)該填副詞修飾東西change，再結(jié)合句意，該空意為"明智地"，副詞intelligently意為"明智地，聰明地"，符合句意及語法結(jié)構(gòu)。故選G項(xiàng)。
（9）H. 考查動詞。句意：那么，你的挑戰(zhàn)是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，用你的紅線明智地改變你的工作內(nèi)容，這樣你喜歡做的事情就多了，而逃避工作的痛苦就更少了。根據(jù)上文該句中的red threads指的是喜歡做的工作。再根據(jù)該句中的"more things that you love doing"以及"fewer that you're aching"可知，and后句意為"逃避的事情就更少了"，ache to do sth.意為"渴望做某事"，因此，該空填動詞原形escape。故選H項(xiàng)。
（10）F. 考查動詞。句意：我們的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)，一周一周，有意識地把我們工作的各個(gè)方面朝著前者而不是后者失衡。根據(jù)上文"We should not struggle to balance the two."可知，該空意為"失衡"，動詞unbalance意為"失衡"，副詞intentionally作狀語修飾謂語動詞unbalance。故選F項(xiàng)。
III. Reading Comprehension （45）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
【答案】
B
C
A
D
A
B
C
B
D
D
C
A
B
B
C
【考點(diǎn)】
科普知識
【解析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家們在老鼠身上實(shí)驗(yàn)，看是否可以改變大腦中有關(guān)痛苦的那些記憶，該實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)取得初步效果。
【解答】
（1）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A. Forgettable忘記的； B.Memorable值得記憶的； C. Sustainable可維持的； D.Believable相信的。根據(jù)上句 Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike？"（作者第一次騎車的時(shí)候）可知，作者在講過去的記憶。 故答案為B.
（2）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.fruit水果； B. difference不同； C. pain痛苦； D.movement移動。根據(jù)上句 such painful memories can leave people with life﹣ changing mental conditions，（這些痛苦的記憶會給人們帶來改變生活的精神狀況。）創(chuàng)傷應(yīng)該是痛苦的經(jīng)歷，所以會造成痛苦。故答案為C.
（3）A.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A. associated with聯(lián)系； B. exchanged for交換； C. sentenced to判刑； D. deprived of 剝奪。句意：神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家通常定義一個(gè)記憶為一個(gè)印跡符號，在大腦組織中的和一個(gè)特定的記憶有關(guān)的物理改變。故答案為A.
（4）D.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A. put off推遲； B.pick up撿起，學(xué)會； C. turn on打開； D. make up組成，編造，彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上文 a physical change in brain tissue（3）a particular recollection.（科學(xué)家對 engram的定義）可知，那個(gè)細(xì)胞儲存著記憶，構(gòu)成了記憶符號。故答案為D.
（5）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A. reacted反應(yīng)； B.hurried著急； C.stunned震驚； D. resolved解決，決定。根據(jù)上句They were able to target the cells that（4）one engram in a mouse' s brain and then implant a false memory."（科學(xué)家們在做研究，"往它們體內(nèi)植入虛假的記憶"），所以應(yīng)該是老鼠對此作出反應(yīng)。故答案為A.
（6）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A. short﹣term短期的； B. negative消極的； C. enjoyable喜歡的； D. reliable 可信賴的。根據(jù)后文的be "overwritten" by positive ones可知本空應(yīng)該是它的反義詞。 故答案為B.
（7）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.deleting刪除； B. decreasing減少； C.activating激活； D. pausing 暫停。根據(jù)上文 positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour，（科學(xué)家們對老鼠輸入了積極的記憶），所以推測本句指激活這些積極記憶。故答案為C.
（8）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A. recreate休閑； B. eliminate清除； C.liberate解放； D. memorize 記住。 根據(jù)下文 it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed（不知這些原始恐懼是否完全消失）可知，本句指這樣做可以消除掉一些創(chuàng)傷。故答案為B.
（9）D.考查副詞及語境理解。A.Therefore因此； B.Besides除此之外； C.Indeed確實(shí)； D. However 然而。根據(jù)上文 They think that this memory retraining may be helping to（8）some of the mouse' s trauma."這樣做有助于消除恐懼記憶，下句又講能否完全消除還不清楚"，因此兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案為D.
（10）D.考查連詞及語境理解。A.Since自從； B.Unless除非； C.Until直到； D. While然而。句意：盡管他們的團(tuán)隊(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)他們在老鼠身上的成果只是初步的，但是他們也看到了在這條路上為人治療的潛力。故答案為D.
（11）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.removed消除； B.strengthened加強(qiáng)； C.altered改變； D. stimulated刺激。根據(jù)上文Ramirez's team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary， they see treatment potential for humans down the road.科學(xué)家們在對老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)的成效中，看到了人類治療的潛能，所以本句是這種潛能應(yīng)用的例子，就是可以轉(zhuǎn)換人的記憶。故答案為C.
（12）A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A. emotional情感的； B. physical身體上的； C. controversial有爭議的； D. mechanical 機(jī)械的。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人們就可以讓他們的記憶被轉(zhuǎn)換，以至于他們對痛苦的經(jīng)歷沒有一種強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)。故答案為A.
（13）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A. immune免疫； B.justice公正； C. medical醫(yī)學(xué)的； D. commerce 商業(yè)。根據(jù)空后 system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime？意思是證人和受害者不記得犯罪事件后，那么執(zhí)法部門就無法找到確切的犯罪證據(jù)。 故答案為B.
（14）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A. mental精神的； B. ethical倫理的；C. criminal犯罪的； D. equality 公平。根據(jù)上文These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about作者提出，如果這種技術(shù)應(yīng)用在人身上后，會出現(xiàn)的各種問題，可知，這些問題都屬于道德方面的。 故答案為B.
（15）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.killing殺害； B. multiplying繁殖； C. controlling控制； D.justifying 辯護(hù)，證明合法。根據(jù)上文memories can be overwritten by positive ones.可知，本文主要講改變?nèi)说挠洃浀膯栴}，所以這里應(yīng)該是控制記憶。故答案為C.
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
【答案】
B
A
D
C
【考點(diǎn)】
社會文化類閱讀
議論文閱讀
【解析】
本文是一篇社會文化類閱讀，文章說明了各種有不同目的的人利用我們的個(gè)人隱私信息，除了金錢利益之外，更多的是他們利用個(gè)人信息來獲得操縱我們行為的能力，同時(shí)作者還提出了保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私的一些建議。
【解答】
（1）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段However，not everyone will use access to your personal life in your interest. Fraudsters might use your date of birth to impersonate you while they commit a crime.Hackers are eager to get hold of sensitive information or images so they can blackmail you. Companies want to know how best to distract you and want you to spend your money on them. They also get to other people through you by asking you for access to your contacts. Moreover， all sorts of agents would like to use your voice as their mouthpiece on social media and beyond.（并不是每一個(gè)人都會為了你的利益而進(jìn)入你的私人生活。欺詐者可能在犯罪時(shí)利用你的出生日期冒充你。黑客們急于獲得敏感的信息或圖片，這樣他們就可以勒索你。公司想知道如何最好地分散你的注意力，讓你花錢。他們也可以通過你聯(lián)系其他人，讓你訪問你的聯(lián)系人。此外，在社交媒體和其他平臺上，各種各樣的經(jīng)紀(jì)人都想用你的聲音為他們說話。）可知，各種各樣的人會利用你的個(gè)人信息做對他們有利的事情，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B.
（2）A.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段Even more than monetary gain， personal data bestows power on those who collect and analyze it.（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)甚至比金錢收益更能賦予收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)的人權(quán)力）；The more that someone knows about us， the more they can anticipate our every move. Power over others' privacy is the quintessential kind of power in the digital age.（一個(gè)人對我們了解得越多，就越能預(yù)測我們的一舉一動。在數(shù)字時(shí)代，凌駕于他人隱私之上的權(quán)力是一種典型的權(quán)力。）可知，該部分是說明擁有個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)會讓那些有目的的人擁有更多的權(quán)力，這正是他們想要得到個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的原因?？芍?，converted意思為"想得到的"，A. desired期望的；B. addicted上癮的；C. contained包含的；D.overwhelmed不知所措的，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A.
（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段The more that someone knows about us， the more they can anticipate our every move. Power over others' privacy is the quintessential kind of power in the digital age. An example of power shaping preferences today includes when tech uses research about how dopamine （多巴胺） works to make you addicted to an app.（一個(gè)人對我們了解得越多，就越能預(yù)測我們的一舉一動。在數(shù)字時(shí)代，凌駕于他人隱私之上的權(quán)力是一種典型的權(quán)力?，F(xiàn)在這種權(quán)力影響我們的偏好的一個(gè)例子是科技利用這樣的研究：如何利用多巴胺讓你沉迷于一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。）可知，數(shù)字公司獲取人們個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的真正動機(jī)是通過分析個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)來預(yù)測我們的行為，從而獲得操縱人們行為的能力，例如，讓你沉迷于某種應(yīng)用程序，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選D.
（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Respect other people's privacy. Don't expose ordinary citizens online. Don't film or photograph people without their consent， and certainly don't share such images online. When downloading apps and buying products， choose ones that are better for privacy. Tum your phone's Wi﹣Fi， Bluetooth and locations services off when you don't need them. Use the legal tools at your disposal to ask companies for the data they have on you and ask them to delete the data. Change your social media settings to protect your privacy.（尊重他人的隱私。不要在網(wǎng)上曝光普通公民身份。不要在未經(jīng)他人同意的情況下拍攝或拍照，當(dāng)然也不要在網(wǎng)上分享這些照片。在下載應(yīng)用程序和購買產(chǎn)品時(shí)，選擇保護(hù)隱私的軟件。當(dāng)你不需要手機(jī)的Wi﹣Fi、藍(lán)牙和定位服務(wù)時(shí)，請關(guān)閉它們。使用你可以使用的法律工具向公司索要他們擁有的關(guān)于你的數(shù)據(jù)，并要求他們刪除這些數(shù)據(jù)。更改您的社交媒體設(shè)置，以保護(hù)您的隱私。）可知，關(guān)于隱私安全，"允許陌生人瀏覽你的微信朋友圈"的做法是不可取的，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C.
【答案】
C
B
D
【考點(diǎn)】
應(yīng)用文閱讀
廣告布告類閱讀
【解析】
本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要向讀者介紹了被稱為"天空之路"的青藏鐵路沿線的一些旅游勝地，包括青海湖、昆侖山脈、可可西里自然保護(hù)區(qū)和拉薩。
【解答】
（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Hoh Xil Nature Reserve： Forbidden zone for humans介紹內(nèi)容，This is probably one of the few places left on Earth where one could get off the beaten track and find inner peace.這里可能是地球上為數(shù)不多的可以打破常規(guī)，獲得內(nèi)心平靜的地方了?？芍?，對于渴望內(nèi)心安寧的人來說，可可西里自然保護(hù)區(qū)是一個(gè)必須要去的地方，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C.
（2）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Qinghai Lake： A paradise for birdwatchers and cyclists介紹內(nèi)容，the green grassland or mesmerizing landscapes.綠色的草地或迷人的風(fēng)景；及第二段，Qinghai Lake is definitely a paradise for bird lovers as many different kinds of birds would fly here to breed in May and June due to the mild weather.青海湖絕對是愛鳥者的天堂，因?yàn)槲辶聹睾偷奶鞖?，許多不同種類的鳥都會飛到這里繁殖；和Tips中，The best time to visit the Qinghai Lake is from April to August as numerous Cole flowers blossom along the lake during that time.4月至8月是游覽青海湖的最佳時(shí)間，因?yàn)樵谶@段時(shí)間，許多油菜花沿湖開放?？芍?，A、C、D三項(xiàng)都提到了，而沒有提到在青海湖可以看到雪山，故選B.
（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章Lhasa： The start of the journey to Tibet介紹內(nèi)容，If one must pick a name card for Lhasa， then Potala Palace is very likely to be the answer for that. 如果一定要選一張拉薩的名片，那么很可能是布達(dá)拉宮；以及，To start a journey in Lhasa， the Potala Palace is must﹣see destination for travelers from home and abroad.在拉薩旅行，布達(dá)拉宮是海內(nèi)外游客必去的地方?？芍?，作為拉薩的代表，布達(dá)拉宮在旅游者中享有世界聲譽(yù)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選D.
【答案】
C
A
B
B
【考點(diǎn)】
說明文閱讀
科教類閱讀
【解析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對于電動汽車電池性能的研究和改良。
【解答】
（1）C. 句意猜測題。根據(jù)第一段劃線部分"An electric car， however， is a much bigger investment.（然而，一輛電動汽車，是一個(gè)大得多的投資）"及后文"Batteries are its priciest component，representing around 30% of an average of mid﹣size vehicle.（電池是其最昂貴的部件，平均占中型汽車的30%左右）"可知，劃線部分想表達(dá)的意思是"用新電池替換電動汽車的壞電池要貴得多"。故選C.
（2）A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Regular fast﹣charging reduces battery life， as do overcharging and deep discharging.（經(jīng)?？焖俪潆姇s短電池壽命，過度充電和深度放電也是如此）"可知，如果要盡可能少地縮減電池壽命，當(dāng)電充滿時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)拔下插頭。故選A.
（3）B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Water， for example， reacts with salts in the electrolyte to form an acid， which attacks the electrodes. To prevent this， GM has developed an addictive made from a type of material called a zeolite.（例如，水和電解質(zhì)中的鹽發(fā)生反應(yīng)，形成酸，酸會攻擊電極。為了防止這種情況發(fā)生，轉(zhuǎn)基因公司開發(fā)了一種由一種叫做沸石的材料制成的添加劑）"可知，在水中加入沸石是為了弱化水和電解質(zhì)中形成鹽的反應(yīng)而減少酸對電極的侵蝕，而不是促進(jìn)酸化的化學(xué)反應(yīng)進(jìn)程。B說法錯誤。結(jié)合題干可知答案選B.
（4）B. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句"And by no means are million﹣mile batteries the limit of engineers' aspirations.（而且，上百萬英里的電池絕不是工程師夢想的極限）"結(jié)合全段大意可知，本段講述了電動汽車工程師們一直在努力開發(fā)壽命更長的電池，對電池的未來進(jìn)行了憧憬。故選B.
Section CDirections： Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
【答案】
E,C,A,D
【考點(diǎn)】
說明文七選五
【解析】
本文為一篇說明文。文章說明了海豚能夠從伙伴那里學(xué)習(xí)，以利于自己更加適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。
【解答】
（1）E．邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)第一句"Dolphins learn special foraging techniques from their mothers and it's now clear that they can learn from their buddies as well. "表示海豚能通過自己的伙伴學(xué)習(xí)捕食。下文中"It turns out that they learn this skill by watching their pals do the job. "中"this skill"應(yīng)該是前一句中指代的具體的技能。"Take， for example， the clever trick that some dolphins use to catch fish by trapping them in seashells.（舉個(gè)例子，一些海豚用巧妙的把戲把魚困在貝殼里）"中描述的即為這種技能。故選E項(xiàng)。
（2）C．推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Sonja Wild說的話，并結(jié)合下文中的"This study， however， shows that dolphins are also motivated to learn from their peers in addition to mimicking their mothers.（然而，這項(xiàng)研究表明，除了模仿母親之外，海豚也有向同伴學(xué)習(xí)的動機(jī)）"可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)該描述海豚模仿母親學(xué)習(xí)技能這件事。"Young dolphins spend years in close association with their mothers and naturally tend to adopt their mothers' ways（年幼的海豚與母親相處數(shù)年，自然地傾向于采取母親的方式）"符合此處語境。故選C項(xiàng)。
（3）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本段為上一段海豚捕魚方式的解釋。根據(jù)"Whether or not dolphins caught fish in this way didn't seem to be explained by how many shells were lying around their hunting area， nor whether a dolphin was genetically related to another dolphin that knew how to do it.（海豚是否以這種方式捕魚似乎不能用它們捕獵區(qū)域周圍有多少貝殼來解釋，也不能用海豚和其他知道如何捕魚的海豚是否有遺傳關(guān)系來解釋）"可知，此處應(yīng)該點(diǎn)出具體的原因。"The best explanation is that dolphins learned this method from a close associate.（最好的解釋是海豚從一個(gè)親近的伙伴那里學(xué)到了這種方法）"中"best explanation"與第一句的"didn't seem to be explained"對應(yīng)，且下一句為對于這一解釋的例子的補(bǔ)充。故選A項(xiàng)。
（4）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本段主題句為第一句，表示學(xué)習(xí)同伴技能的好處。下文Wild說的話也證明了這一觀點(diǎn)。"Because while knowledge from previous generations has been tested by time， certain behaviors may become less useful if conditions change.（因?yàn)楸M管來自前幾代人的知識已經(jīng)經(jīng)過了時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)，但如果條件改變，某些行為可能會變得不那么有用）"為對于主題句的原因補(bǔ)充，符合此處語境。故選D項(xiàng)。
I Summary Writing（10分）
【答案】
Since it has been common for people to find it difficult to describe their jobs，a slash career is an interesting concept. 【高分句型一】（由于人們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難描述自己的工作是很常見的，因此斜杠職業(yè)是一個(gè)有趣的概念。）Not only can slash careers make you more desirable to an employer but also help pay some of those bills. 【高分句型二】（斜杠職業(yè)的優(yōu)勢）Although possibilities for slashing career choices are indeed limitless， author of the popular term thinks it's best to immerse yourself deeply in a particular career and then cut into another slash.（盡管斜杠職業(yè)選擇的可能性確實(shí)是無限的，但這一流行術(shù)語的作者認(rèn)為，最好讓自己沉浸在一個(gè)特定的職業(yè)，然后再從事另一個(gè)。）
【考點(diǎn)】
概要寫作
【解析】
高分句型一：Since it has been common for people to find it difficult to describe their jobs，a slash career is an interesting concept.
譯文：由于人們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難描述自己的工作是很常見的，因此大幅裁員是一個(gè)有趣的概念。
分析：since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
高分句型二：Not only can slash careers make you more desirable to an employer but also help pay some of those bills.
譯文：斜杠職業(yè)不僅能讓你對雇主更有吸引力，還能幫你支付一些賬單。
分析：not only置于句首，后面用部分倒裝。
【解答】
Since it has been common for people to find it difficult to describe their jobs，a slash career is an interesting concept. 【高分句型一】（由于人們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難描述自己的工作是很常見的，因此斜杠職業(yè)是一個(gè)有趣的概念。）Not only can slash careers make you more desirable to an employer but also help pay some of those bills. 【高分句型二】（斜杠職業(yè)的優(yōu)勢）Although possibilities for slashing career choices are indeed limitless， author of the popular term thinks it's best to immerse yourself deeply in a particular career and then cut into another slash.（盡管斜杠職業(yè)選擇的可能性確實(shí)是無限的，但這一流行術(shù)語的作者認(rèn)為，最好讓自己沉浸在一個(gè)特定的職業(yè)，然后再從事另一個(gè)。）
V. Translation（15分3+3+4+5）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
【答案】
In the first quarter of this year，the uncertainty caused by the epidemic led many advertisers to cut budgets.
【考點(diǎn)】
漢譯英
【解析】
今年的第一季度，疫情引起的不確定性導(dǎo)致許多廣告商削減預(yù)算。
【解答】
答案：In the first quarter of this year，the uncertainty caused by the epidemic led many advertisers to cut budgets.1. 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In the first quarter of this year要用一般過去時(shí)；2. caused by the epidemic是過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾名詞uncertainty；3. 1ead sb. to do sth 導(dǎo)致某人做某事。故填：In the first quarter of this year，the uncertainty caused by the epidemic led many advertisers to cut budgets.
【答案】
Not only will climate change double the number of extreme forest fires but also it will increase the risk of lightning stricks.
【考點(diǎn)】
漢譯英
【解析】
氣候變化不僅會使極端森林大火的天數(shù)翻倍，它還會增加雷擊的危險(xiǎn)。
【解答】
答案：Not only will climate change double the number of extreme forest fires but also it will increase the risk of lightning stricks.1. 因指的是將來的事情，兩個(gè)分句都用一般將來時(shí)；2. not only…but also意為"不僅…而且…"，是很常見的一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組，用于連接兩個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的成分，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是后者，且not only置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝；3.the number of……的數(shù)目。故填：Not only will climate change double the number of extreme forest fires but also it will increase the risk of lightning stricks.
【答案】
The safety and efficacy of the vaccine is a matter of growing public concern， so it will be evaluated repeatedly before the trial can be launched on a large scale.
【考點(diǎn)】
漢譯英
【解析】
疫苗的安全性和有效性是公眾日益關(guān)注的所以要經(jīng)過反復(fù)的評估才能大范圍開啟試驗(yàn)。
【解答】
答案：The safety and efficacy of the vaccine is a matter of growing public concern， so it will be evaluated repeatedly before the trial can be launched on a large scale.1.因指的是一般事實(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，so引導(dǎo)并列句；before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)；2.it與evaluate之間是動賓關(guān)系，要用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)；trial與launch之間是動賓關(guān)系，要用情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)；3. on a large scale大規(guī)模地。故填：The safety and efficacy of the vaccine is a matter of growing public concern， so it will be evaluated repeatedly before the trial can be launched on a large scale.
【答案】
It's taken for granted that impulse shopping， especially in tough times， can relieve stress and bring instant pleasure， which is why consumers spend a lot of money unnecessarily during the annual shopping spree.
【考點(diǎn)】
漢譯英
【解析】
人們理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為沖動購物，尤其在艱難時(shí)期能減緩壓力并帶來即時(shí)的愉悅，這就是為什么在每年的購物狂歡節(jié)，消費(fèi)者總是有許多不必要的開銷。
【解答】
答案：It's taken for granted that impulse shopping， especially in tough times， can relieve stress and bring instant pleasure， which is why consumers spend a lot of money unnecessarily during the annual shopping spree.1. 因指的是一般事實(shí)，主從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；2. take it for granted that……是一個(gè)句型，意為"認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然"，it是形式賓語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，此處是其被動語態(tài)；3. which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子；4. why consumers spend a lot of money unnecessarily during the annual shopping spree是表語從句。故填：It's taken for granted that impulse shopping， especially in tough times， can relieve stress and bring instant pleasure， which is why consumers spend a lot of money unnecessarily during the annual shopping spree.
Ⅵ.76. Guided Writing（25分）
【答案】
The activities on Go Green with Low﹣Carbon﹣Life encourages me to think further about the topic. Here I am writing to share my ideas with you.（話題）
Nowadays， with global warming getting worse， a new concept life ﹣ low carbon life is proposed to challenge the environmental pollution， which is not only environmental﹣friendly， but also a healthy and fashionable lifestyle. 【高分句型一】It is such a significant project that we can't wait to embrace it. 【高分句型二】We practice our low carbon life from our daily lives.（你對"綠色低碳生活"的理解）
First， everyone is expected to cultivate their awareness of saving energy. Besides， going upstairs instead of taking a lift or going to school on foot instead of by car will bring us more fun of keeping fit and reduce more power consumption. Finally， stop "while pollution" to use recyclable bags rather than plastic bags.（你如何踐行該理念）
Maybe one's act seems tiny， but all people's efforts really make a difference. Hope everyone can join in our global low﹣carbon project to make our world a better place to live.（總結(jié)）
【考點(diǎn)】
提綱類
【解析】
高分句型一：Nowadays， with global warming getting worse， a new concept life ﹣ low carbon life is proposed to challenge the environmental pollution， which is not only environmental﹣friendly， but also a healthy and fashionable lifestyle.
譯文：在全球變暖日益嚴(yán)重的今天，人們提出了一種新的生活理念﹣﹣低碳生活，它不僅環(huán)保，而且是一種健康時(shí)尚的生活方式。
分析：這句話使用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
高分句型二：It is such a significant project that we can't wait to embrace it.
譯文：這是如此一個(gè)非常重要的項(xiàng)目，以至于我們迫不及待地要接受它。
分析：這句話使用such…that…意為"如此…以至于"。
【解答】
The activities on Go Green with Low﹣Carbon﹣Life encourages me to think further about the topic. Here I am writing to share my ideas with you.（話題）
Nowadays， with global warming getting worse， a new concept life ﹣ low carbon life is proposed to challenge the environmental pollution， which is not only environmental﹣friendly， but also a healthy and fashionable lifestyle. 【高分句型一】It is such a significant project that we can't wait to embrace it. 【高分句型二】We practice our low carbon life from our daily lives.（你對"綠色低碳生活"的理解）
First， everyone is expected to cultivate their awareness of saving energy. Besides， going upstairs instead of taking a lift or going to school on foot instead of by car will bring us more fun of keeping fit and reduce more power consumption. Finally， stop "while pollution" to use recyclable bags rather than plastic bags.（你如何踐行該理念）
Maybe one's act seems tiny， but all people's efforts really make a difference. Hope everyone can join in our global low﹣carbon project to make our world a better place to live.（總結(jié)）

相關(guān)試卷

2020-2021學(xué)年上海市高三（上）期中英語試卷 (1)人教版：

這是一份2020-2021學(xué)年上海市高三（上）期中英語試卷 (1)人教版，共10頁。

2020-2021學(xué)年遼寧省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版：

這是一份2020-2021學(xué)年遼寧省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版，共9頁。試卷主要包含了99 per year等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

2020-2021學(xué)年天津市高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版：

這是一份2020-2021學(xué)年天津市高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版，共10頁。試卷主要包含了 ﹣﹣﹣Waiter!等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

2020-2021學(xué)年浙江省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版

2020-2021學(xué)年浙江省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版
2020-2021學(xué)年陜西省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版

2020-2021學(xué)年陜西省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版
2020-2021學(xué)年某校高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版

2020-2021學(xué)年某校高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版
2020-2021學(xué)年山東省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版

2020-2021學(xué)年山東省高三（上）期中英語試卷人教版
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
期中專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部