簡單句的句子成分、句子成份 英語句子成分有主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,表語,定語,狀語等。
1、主語:表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
Country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(動名詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語從句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)
2、謂語:謂語說明主語的動作,狀態(tài)或特征??梢杂胁煌臅r態(tài),語態(tài)和語氣。
1)簡單謂語: We study for the people.
2)復合謂語: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..
3、表語: 它位于系動詞(比如be)之后,說明主語身份,特征,屬性或狀態(tài)。
My sister is a nurse.
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(愛好)is playing football.(動名詞)
The ruler must be in your box.(介詞短語)
Time is up. The class is over.(副詞)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語從句)
4、賓語: 賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之后,We like English.
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
It began to rain.(不定式短語)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)
I thinkthathe is fit for his office.(賓語從句)
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。 如: He gave me some ink.
有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復合賓語。如: We make him our monitor (班長).
5、賓補: 就是賓語補足語,就是補充說明賓語的 I see you crossing the street
His father named him David.(名詞)
They painted(涂漆) their boat white.(形容詞)
Let the fresh(新鮮的) air in.(副詞)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語)
We saw her entering the room.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語)
6、定語: 在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。 He is a new student. 但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之后。
The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing(發(fā)展中) country; America is a developed(發(fā)達) country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His progress(進步)in English made us surprised.(代詞)
Our monitor(班長) is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)
He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.(介詞短語)
7、狀語: 修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。 He lives in London.
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)
He is sorry to trouble(麻煩) you.(不定式短語)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分詞短語)
Once(一旦0 you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
How about meeting again at six?(時間狀語)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(條件狀語)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點狀語)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結(jié)果狀語)
She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語)
I am taller than he is.(比較狀語)
練一練:學會分析句子成分
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. His job is to train swimmers. 5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 6. His wish is to become a scientist. 7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8. Tom came to ask me for advice. 9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say? 11. Would you please tell me your address? 12. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed a man enter the room. 15. The apples tasted sweet. 

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