?【新課標(biāo)全國卷】考點(diǎn)1 閱讀理解
2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)易錯題提升練
解題技巧
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
（1）題干定位，按圖索驥。
細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。先看文章后面的問題，注意題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，如：人物、時間和事件等，做到有的放矢。根據(jù)題干中的標(biāo)志性詞語定位到原文，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，找到與原文相符的選項(xiàng)，確定正確答案?？焖賹ふ倚畔Ⅻc(diǎn)的策略一般適用于做功能型閱讀題，主要形式有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表等。做這類題時，沒有必要閱讀全文，宜采用“題干定位法”解題。
（2）語義轉(zhuǎn)換，變通理解。
變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。有些細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查對某句話或某幾句話的理解，很少直接用原文中的句子進(jìn)行考查，題干通常會對這些句子進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換，包括同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等。如：
①同義改寫：題干將原文中的詞或短語換成另外的詞或短語，詞性和結(jié)構(gòu)不變，意義相近。
②轉(zhuǎn)變詞性與結(jié)構(gòu)：題干關(guān)鍵信息并不一定與原文中相關(guān)信息一致，而是作了一定的轉(zhuǎn)化。如將名詞詞組轉(zhuǎn)化為意義相近的動詞或形容詞等。
（3）查讀分析，多點(diǎn)歸納。
多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。此方法適用于離散型細(xì)節(jié)理解題或數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)題干要求，迅速找到與之相關(guān)的事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù)，對其進(jìn)行分析整合，得出正確答案。文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時間都是設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)，此類題目的答案很少是文章中直接出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字或日期，通常需要作簡單的計(jì)算。
圖文轉(zhuǎn)換類的題，即根據(jù)短文描述確定相應(yīng)圖形，或根據(jù)圖形選出相應(yīng)的文字答案。此類題可采用“文字鎖定法”解題，即找出描述圖形的句段，按“文”索“圖”，這樣，便可迅速地鎖定對應(yīng)圖形。
2.主旨大意題
（1）學(xué)會尋找主題句
主題句所在的位置一般有四種情況：一是文首。有些文章先提出主題，接著圍繞主題展開敘述。二是文末。有些文章在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)，概括主題。此類文章往往以列舉事實(shí)開頭，最后歸納主題。三是文首和文末。有時為突出主題，作者會先點(diǎn)明主題，結(jié)尾時再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，但前后表述的句子不是簡單的重復(fù)，后面的表述往往是對主題的進(jìn)一步延伸和深化。四是文中。通常前面只提出問題，文章的主題由陳述的細(xì)節(jié)引出，而后又對其進(jìn)行學(xué)會尋找主題句一步的闡釋。
（2）學(xué)會歸納概括
在沒有明確的主題句時，考生必須根據(jù)文中所提供的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮、綜合分析，歸納出文章的主題。要靈活運(yùn)用跳讀、略讀等技巧進(jìn)行閱讀，在這個過程中注意每段的段首和段尾，同時，還可利用信息詞、標(biāo)志詞等提示進(jìn)行概括。
（3）學(xué)會分析選項(xiàng)
在做主旨大意題時，考生不僅可以從文章出發(fā)概括出主題，也可以從選項(xiàng)反推出主題。要多注意選項(xiàng)之間的比對。
3.推理判斷題
（1）忠實(shí)原文
要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。
（2）吃透文章
要吃透文章，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識、有關(guān)背景知識或常識來進(jìn)行分析、推斷，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。
（3）深層挖掘
要對文字的深層含義進(jìn)行挖掘，由表及里，由淺入深，通過分析、判斷進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理。
（4）理清思路
要把握文中句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時還要把握文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，理清思路，悟出作者的言外之意。
4.詞義猜測題
（1）利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義
構(gòu)詞法是英語單詞形成的主要途徑，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義一般比較接近單詞的真實(shí)意思，準(zhǔn)確度比較高。
（2）利用語法關(guān)系猜詞義
利用語法關(guān)系猜測詞義指利用語言表述中的舉例子、下定義、同位語、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號、定語從句等進(jìn)行詞義猜測的方法。
（3）利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義
語言表達(dá)總是按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系展開的，根據(jù)語言的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系往往可以粗略地推斷出詞義或大致義域。對我們猜測詞義具有較大幫助的邏輯關(guān)系通常有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等。
（4）利用上下文語境猜詞義
在文章中，任何一個單詞都不是孤立存在的，它總會和其他單詞產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，通過這些聯(lián)系可以猜測出單詞或短語在文中的意思，尤其是代詞的指代含義。
（5）利用生活常識和文化背景知識猜詞義
1.??? In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to "Bloom(開花) where you are planted." It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a programme with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the programme. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who "bloomed" in her remote area.
??? Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
??? From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(憂郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for "dinner" (lunch). In case you don't know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.
??? Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment(評價) and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her PhD degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom(傳家寶), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.
1.Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.
A.a warm welcome B.the sight of poke greens
C.Dorothy's latest projects D.a big dinner made for her
2.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C.She passed the required assessment.
D.She received her PhD degree.
3.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A.Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.
B.Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.
C.However poor you are, you have the right to education.
D.Wherever you are, you can be successful and accomplished(獲得) your achievement.
2.??? It's a tragedy(悲劇) that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies. Although organ transplants(器官移植) have been saving lives for more than 60 years, the right body part is often not available at the right time simply because not enough people choose to be donors. Should people therefore be required to allow their organs to be used by others after death?
??? The British Medical Association(BMA), which represents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of "presumed consent(默許)" would automatically make everyone over the age of 16 an organ donor. Individuals would be allowed to put out, that is to say, decide not to be an organ donor, if that's what they prefer. The BMA points to much higher organ donation rates in countries that have opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austria and the Czech Republic.
??? England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, also wants to change the organ-donor system from opt-in to opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the 7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants of critical organs, tissues, skin and bones.
??? Britain's National Health Service(NHS) recently counts 14. 3 million organ donors on a list which began in 1994. Not everyone wants to participate, however, according to the NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list.
??? Why the discrepancy(差異)? One reason is that organ donation is a personal matter. Another reason may be indecision: when families are not sure about a dead relative's wishes, 40 per cent decide not to donate his or her organs. Interestingly, religion has little to do with a decision not to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain support organ donation and transplantation.
??? The government decided in 2018 how the system of organ donation should work—without a policy of presumed consent. Opinion among members of parliament(議會) continues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things are now, one in ten Britons in need of an organ will never get one.?
1.What does the tragedy in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.People are required to be organ donors.
B.Organ transplants could save lives for more than 60 years.
C.More and more donors' organs are not proper for operation.
D.Many patients have to die because of no replacement organ.
2.According to Paragraph 4, most British people __________.
A.support organ donation without action B.want to participate in organ donation
C.are willing to donate their organs D.don't like NHS' activity
3.What's the main idea of the passage?
A.Analysing the tragedy of organ donation.
B.Persuading people to support organ donation.
C.Praising those people who donate their organs.
D.Listing government's measures on organ donation.
3.??? The story began with a young mother who had three sons. Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers.
??? With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the target of anger and annoyance. Bad words, such as "you little fool" and the like, served as a daily meal for the youngest.
??? The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and embarrassing his family. Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mirror reflection, he started to say quietly and sadly, "The fool is going to school."
??? As adult citizens, there was compulsory military service which should be lived. Thus, the youngest son also signed: up and started to follow the various tests: a medical, physical ability test and other tests. On the day of the announcement, he was called into the board of examiners.
??? In his mind, he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldn't pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down. It was not expected at all. The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of examiners.
??? "Congratulations, young man! Your test results are incredible! You are really a great and talented young man." Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known in advance. Voice kept echoing in his mind, such as "I, the great man, am in the shower", "The great man washes his face", "The talented young man again brushes his teeth" and so on. Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual.
??? 20 years later, the youngest established himself as a successful businessman who was admired and respected, and received many awards.
??? The mindset and belief are the power behind the success that is within us. Whatever we think and believe in our minds continuously, it will eventually materialize in reality. That's the universally applicable law.
1.Why was the youngest often scolded by his mother?
A.He was not as clever as his brothers. B.He considered himself to be a fool.
C.He didn't behave himself at school. D.He didn't cook meals for his mother.
2.From the passage we know that the young mother is ________.
A.selfish and lazy B.gentle and caring
C.ill-tempered and impatient D.kind-hearted and diligent
3.What happened to the youngest son later on?
A.He received aid from others. B.He became an admirable psychologist.
C.He became a successful businessman. D.He developed strange mental diseases.
4.From the passage, the author tells us that ________.
A.military service can change a person completely
B.mothers' attitude towards children is important
C.even a fool can become a successful businessman
D.think big and you will get big results
4. The skin under the eyes is delicate, which is why it sometimes appears sunken(凹陷) and has darker coloring than elsewhere on the face. Aging and health problems play a role in sunken eyes but other factors can contribute, so it may affect younger people as well.
Dehydration（脫水）
The most common cause of sunken eyes is dehydration, or not having enough water in the body. Consuming too much coffee, soda, and prepackaged drinks may increase production of urine(尿液), which may lead to dehydration.
Vitamin shortages
Shortages of vitamin C, vitamin K, and iron can cause eyes to become sunken. Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron and decreasing bruising(瘀斑), while vitamin K is responsible for blood thickening, causing unhealthy skin. Easy bruising and unhealthy skin will result in sunken eyes.
Weight loss
Most people tend to lose weight in their face first. Sometimes, the weight loss is sudden enough to make blood vessels(血管)below the eyes easy to see, and the skin clear, producing the appearance of sunken eyes. Sudden weight loss may also cause nutritional shortages, which can lead to sunken eyes.
Not enough sleep or poor quality sleep can cause sunken eyes and a person’s DNA or the habit of smoking can also contribute to sunken eyes. Most cases of sunken eyes relate to the quality of an individual’s nutrition and healthy living. When these causes are corrected, sunken eyes can be resolved without further treatment. This means that causes can be avoided or treated in good time to prevent the recurrence of sunken eyes.
1. What can we do to prevent dehydration according to the text?
A. Refuse coffee. B. Drink more water.
C. Say no to soft drinks. D. Have certain drinks less.
2. What will lead to bruising below the eyes?
A. Lack of vitamin K. B. Water shortages.
C. Lack of vitamin C. D. Nutritional shortages.
3. Which of the following should be avoided for people losing weight?
A. Pale faces. B. Sudden weight loss.
C. Clean skin. D. Narrow blood vessels.
5.??? A notice at IKEA Shanghai has been shared widely among netizens on Chinese social media. It states that the stored cafeteria now requires customers to order food before sitting down in cafeteria seats. The policy is in response to an elderly blind dating group that occupies seats for a long time, consuming only their own food brought from home. Do you support IKEA's new regulation? China Daily readers share their opinions with us.
Lee Xin (China)
??? The elderly are harmless. They are lonely and are probably hoping to find some company again. If anything, the store should at least sympathize with these old people.
Mbursian (US)
??? This is more for socializing than for romance. I really don’t think a home furnishing store is a good dating place for seniors.
??? IKEA could also post a reasonable time limit per visit during peak hours. Or instead of tables and chairs, they could use those standing tables and get rid of the chairs altogether. At least IKEA’s cafeteria isn’t occupied by the dancing grannies and their portable PA systems.
SEARU (Australia)
??? Romance is the most important thing while eating is not that important! So a noble man always leaves more space for seniors' love affairs!
Mr. Qiu (Shanghai, China 65 years old)
??? We have been to fast food outlets like McDonald's, but there are barely any peers there. We feel like aliens surrounded by youngsters. If there is another place in Shanghai where elderly people can gather, we are more than ready to pay twice as much and travel further.
TedM (UK)
??? Romance can arise in many places, even IKEA. However, this debate arose as a result of many people taking advantage of IKEA's generous drink offers and going there to meet and stay with friends without buying anything. IKEA is a shop; it exists to provide a service for a reasonable profit. It is not a public park.
Michel (New Zealand)
??? To everyone romanticizing this, please also consider that the store has an image to uphold while protecting the interests of other paying customers. It is ugly to take up seats for such long durations while you make others wait.
1.How many people are in support of this new regulation?
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
2.What is the major cause of this new regulation?
A.Senior blind dates influencing their business.
B.IKEA has zero tolerance for romantic behavior.
C.The strong reaction of netizens on social media.
D.Old people eating their own food to save money.
3.People who are against the new regulation will probably agree that ______.
A.seniors' love affairs can contribute to the store's image
B.IKEA is the only place where seniors can find their peers
C.the society is being too judgmental and lacks understanding
D.IKEA should not reserve a special area for the old people to date
6. Mark Rothko, one of the greatest painters of the twentieth century, was born in Daugavpils, Latvia in 1903. His father immigrated to the United States, fearing that his son would be drafted (招募) into the Czarist army. Mark stayed in Russia with his mother and elder sister; they joined the family later, arriving in the winter of 1913, after a 12-day voyage.
Mark moved to New York in the autumn of 1923 and found employment in the garment trade and took up residence on the Upper West Side. It was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist. He was twenty years old and had taken some art lessons at school, so his initial experience was far from an immediate calling.
In 1936, Mark Rothko began writing a book, which he never completed about the similarities in the children’s art and the work of modern painters. The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive (原始的) art, according to him, could be compared to that of children in that “Child art transforms itself into primitivism (原始主義), which is only the child producing a mimicry (模仿) of himself.” However, in this same work, he said that “The fact that one usually begins with drawing is already academic. We start with the colors.”
It was not long before his multiform developed into the style he is remembered for; in 1949 Rothko exhibited these new works at the Betty Parsons Gallery. For critic Harold Rosenberg, the paintings were a revelation. After painting his first multiform, Rothko withdrew himself to his home in East Hampton on Long Island. The discovery of his definitive form came at a period of great grief; his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical (對稱的) rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colors (對稱). As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision, his paintings and drawings no longer had individual titles: from this point on they were simply untitled, numbered or dated. However, to assist in distinguishing one work from another, dealers would sometimes add the primary colors to the name.
1.Mark Rothko’s family have experienced all of the following except______.
A.a separation from his father B.the call up of the army
C.a temporary stay in Russia D.a 12-day voyage to the United States
2.What made Mark Rothko want to be an artist?
A.His move to the Upper West Side. B.His visit to the Art Students League.
C.His sight of the students’ drawing. D.His lessons took in art school.
3.Mark Rothko thought modern art share some similarities with child art because______.
A.they are both considered childish and academic
B.they are both ways of expressing primitivism
C.they are both a copy of the painters themselves
D.they ate both striking blocks and colors
4.Which of the following statements is true about Mark Rothko’s style?
A.It was inspired by Rosenberg. B.It resulted from moving to Long Island.
C.It resulted from his grief. D.It evolved (develop gradually) in 1948.
7.??? When COVID-19 hit and gyms began to close, Laura Novak was let go from her job as a part-time trainer. Despite losing a large part of her income, Novak knew she had another source (來源) to depend on: Tik Tok. As a former gymnast, the 31-year-old is often sharing clips of herself training on the bars or doing another type of workout while making money through brand partnerships.
??? Novak stressed that Tik Tok, which she's been on since August of 2019, has been a really helpful source of income right now as a fitness trainer.
??? The timing of a potential ban of Tik Tok doesn't bode well(不是好兆頭) for the company that recently announced a plan to hire 10 000 staff in the U. S. over the next three years. The company also announced that it will give creators in the U. S. over $1 billion in the next three years "to encourage those who dream of using their voices and creativity to spark inspirational careers" on Tik Tok.
While social media Apps and their popularity have always been precarious, Tik Tok has managed to be a win-win situation for the platform's creators and brands looking to reach specific audiences.
??? Sam Gach, a 28-year-old in Ann Arbor, Mich., is known for posting yoga tutorials on Tik Tok. Gach told in media that while he's on other platforms, Tik Tok has become one of his most important ones.
??? "It's my fastest growing platform," Gach said, who has 89 600 followers on the App. "It's a bit nerve-wracking (傷腦筋的), but I think right now, from what I'm hearing, it sounds like it may not be banned, but it's still very uncertain."
??? Gach said if it is though, he would not "be happy about it," adding he's made a few thousand dollars from Tik Tok in the last month, but it's all still very new. Gach said if Tik Tok got banned, it would certainly negatively influence his ability to build an audience.
1.How did Tik Tok benefit Novak according to Paragraph 1?
A.By encouraging her to be confident. B.By promoting her to build a brand.
C.By accompanying her to kill time. D.By helping her to earn a life.
2.Which of the following best explains "precarious" underlined in Paragraph 4?
A.Unstable. B.Inconvenient. C.Accessible. D.Beneficial.
3.What do we know about Sam Gach?
A.He feels stressed about the potential ban. B.He's a devoted fan of Tik Tok.
C.He's sure about the future of Tik Tok. D.He's unsatisfied with the amount of his audience.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The trend of applying high-tech. B.The disadvantage of social media.
C.The way of improving income. D.The dependence on a platform.
8.??? Toward the end of November 2002, Lauren DeLand's body started to ache. Her head hurt. She was tired and slept most days. The athletic girl, 20, wasn't worried. She'd recover from it. Except, she didn't. Now, years later, she still struggles with those symptoms of a flu. "It mined everything I knew," she said. "And one of those things was being an athlete.''
??? Nichols, Lauren's husband and Lauren started their journey on April 22, 2019, from the Crazy Cook Monument in New Mexico. They started slowly. Because of her disease, sparing time to rejuvenate herself properly from physical exercise is vital, so they travelled around 20 miles daily. On November 2, 2019, Lauren stepped into Canada. thus completing a six-month hike from Mexico to Canada.
??? From New Mexico, the couple passed into Colorado. Here they faced their first major obstacle: hundreds of miles of deep, mountain snow. They persisted. After 200 snowy miles, they finished that section of the trip and shipped their skis home. Because of Lauren's disease, the couple took great care to eat well on every trip. Lauren said, "The knowledge gained from years of trial and error allowed us to carefully plan and pack our food."
??? By the end of September, they'd made it through a short section of Idaho and into Montana and had fewer than 500 miles to go. Several storms forced them to stop and wait. But finally on November 2, they stepped into Canada.
??? "I've come back with more self-confidence and self-knowledge after every hike," Lauren said. "It's absolutely been healing us both."
1.What can we know about Lauren DeLand from the first paragraph?
A.She recovered from the flu. B.She worried about the symptom at first.
C.Her head is still aching now. D.She is an athlete.
2.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Recover B.Assist. C.Remind. D.Improve.
3.What can we infer about the couple from the third paragraph?
A.They carried their skis all the journey.
B.It was the first time that they had hiked.
C.They learned to plan and pack food through experiences.
D.They never failed to plan and pack their food.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title?
A.A Healing Journey B.A Never-ending Flu C.A Healthy Habit D.A Happy Couple
9.??? Parties to celebrate special events, achievements, and holidays are the perfect opportunities for exercising these roles among people. For many of us, food and fellowship is a perfect marriage, but for some people, invitations to events that center around food leads to fear and anxiety.
??? Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar. Cookies, brownies, cakes and ice cream ail contain sugar! And many of the sweet treats and salty snacks attract us because of the chemical additives(添加劑) and mixtures that perfect the material and taste of foods. Still, most party foods include large amounts of unhealthy fats. Fat itself should be part of a healthy diet, but the highly processed types of fats can break down our health.
??? By now, you are probably wondering what healthy food choices should be offered at our get-togethers. Perhaps, one of the best choices for ensuring everyone can comfortably participate is to offer a large plate of fresh vegetables and a fresh fruit dish. Guacamole is a great accompaniment. Vegetable salads can also be a relief to those seeking healthier choices, but it is best to leave off the dressing and provide a variety of dressing choices, including plain olive oil and Italy vinegar. Rather than party mints and candy, offer small bowls of dry-roasted or raw nuts.
??? The nature of the party can often determine the cuisine, but nearly any common party dish can be recreated with healthier ingredients (成分). Use whole grains when possible, coconut oil in place of butter or shortening, and honey or stevia to sweeten treats.
??? And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by making a small disclaimer on your invitation. This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal. If you make a homemade treat or dish, supplying a note card with the ingredients is appreciated by those attempting to avoid specific ingredients.
??? At your next party, try this recipe for healthier, black bean brownies. Not only are these allergy-friendly, but they offer a lot of health benefits for everyone. No one will guess they're made from black beans!
1.What does the second paragraph suggest?
A.People in the parties are fond of sugar.
B.Most traditional party food is unhealthy.
C.Fat and sugar are both harmful to our health.
D.Parties tend to be equipped with various foods.
2.Which is the healthy party food according to the text?
A.Cookies. B.Brownies. C.Guacamole. D.Party mints.
3.What does the underlined word "disclaimer" probably mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Decoration. B.Instruction. C.Letter. D.Cover.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Healthy food choices in parties.
B.Roles of various food in parties.
C.Meanings of parties with food.
D.Friendship and food.
10.??? Walker didn't realize the dangers of e-cigarettes last December when he purchased his first one. "I thought it was cool," says Walker, who moved to Florida Atlantic University a month later. Within weeks, given the pressures of adjusting to a new campus, he was smoking a pack or more a day. "After about a week and a half," he says, "I'd get nervous and anxious if I didn't have it."
??? In early March, Walker went to a hospital emergency room near campus complaining of chest pain, fever and feeling sick. Eleven days later my chest hurt so bad that I couldn't even sit straight," says Walker. X-rays showed that Walker had what looked like pneumonia(肺炎) in his left lung. Within days, Walker was put on a respirator (呼吸器) and later sent by air to another hospital. "He was dying," says his mom, Candy, a nurse.
??? It took seven days for doctors to confirm that Walker's infection was caused by the adenovirus (腺病毒). But they were at a loss to explain how the virus had nearly killed an otherwise strong and healthy college student. The answer became clear in mid-April after his father Dave was terrified by what he found—so many e-cigarettes. "Most likely," says Dr. Hunley, "it was the e-cigarettes that led to his breath failure, which contributed to the spread of the adenovirus."
??? By the time Walker finally left the hospital in July he'd lost 80 pounds, and his left lung and both his kidneys(腎) had been destroyed. Doctors say he now needs to have the kidney transplanted. Walker admits he is shaken by his experience. Meanwhile, Candy says, "Every time I see someone smoking e-cigarettes, I show them pictures of Walker in the hospital and ask, 'Do you understand that you could end up like this?'"
1.Why did Walker smoke e-cigarettes heavily?
A.He thought smoking e-cigarettes cool and safe.
B.He unwillingly entered a new environment.
C.He couldn't adapt to the new campus quickly.
D.He was given much pressure by his teachers.
2.How did the e-cigarettes cause Walker's disease?
A.By reducing his weight sharply. B.By giving off poisonous gas.
C.By spreading the adenovirus. D.By speeding breath failure.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Walker has realized the dangers of e-cigarettes.
B.Walker promises to warn others of e-cigarettes.
C.Walker had kidneys transplanted before leaving hospital.
D.Walker has recovered completely from his disease.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.The Smoking Expenses B.Walker and E-cigarettes
C.The Harm of E-cigarettes D.A Brave Teenager—Walker















答案以及解析
1.答案：1-3.ACD
解析：本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過Dorothy在落后貧窮的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)樂觀、努力、奉獻(xiàn)執(zhí)教并取得豐碩成果的故事,說明了“在哪里存在就在哪里綻放”,無論在哪里,都可以成功的道理。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(憂郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects."可知,作者到達(dá)學(xué)校后所有的憂郁都消失了。一到Dorothy的教室,作者就被笑臉相迎,像女王一樣被對待。孩子們準(zhǔn)備給作者看他們最新的作品。即作者一到教室,就受到了熱烈歡迎。故選A。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment(評價) and passed in all areas. (當(dāng)需要參加測試和面試以獲得兒童發(fā)展助理證書時,Dorothy已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。她參加了評估,各方面都通過了。)"可知, Dorothy通過了全部需要的考核。故選C。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to 'Bloom(開花) where you are planted. ' It reminds me of Dorothy."和"Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who 'bloomed' in her remote area."可知,作者客廳里有一塊匾,告知作者“在哪里存在,就在哪里綻放?！边@使作者想起了Dorothy的故事,Dorothy在作者的記憶中就是一個在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)“開花結(jié)果”的人。下文講述了Dorothy在落后貧窮的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)樂觀、努力、奉獻(xiàn)執(zhí)教并取得豐碩成果的故事,來進(jìn)一步說明無論在哪里,都可以成功的道理。故選D。
2.答案：1-3.DAA
解析：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要陳述了目前英國器官捐贈的問題。雖然英國人支持器官捐贈但很少人付諸行動,每年英國有400多人在等待移植器官時死亡。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"It' s a tragedy(悲劇) that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies.(這是一個可以避免的悲劇:每年,英國有超過400人在等待移植器官時死亡。)"可知,該段中的悲劇是指許多患者因?yàn)闆]有等到移植器官而死亡。故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"according to the NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list.(根據(jù)NHS,90%的英國人強(qiáng)烈支持器官捐贈,但只有23%的人在器官捐獻(xiàn)者名單上)"可知,大多數(shù)英國人支持器官捐贈但不采取行動。故選A。
3.主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知,本文主要分析器官捐贈的悲劇,那就是雖然有很多人支持,但極少有人愿意捐贈。A項(xiàng)"Analysing the tragedy of organ donation.(分析器官捐贈的悲劇)"符合以上說法。故選A。
3.答案：1-4.ACCD
解析：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個家庭中最小的兒子思維能力發(fā)展緩慢,他也沒有其他兄弟們的智慧,因此常常是母親生活和煩惱的發(fā)泄目標(biāo)。但一次征兵測試者說的話鼓勵了這個孩子。二十年后這個最年輕的兒子成了一個成功的商人,受到人們的欣賞和尊重。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers.”以及第二段的“… the target of anger and annoyance”可知,小兒子不如哥哥們聰明,所以經(jīng)常被他的母親責(zé)備。故選A。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the target of anger and annoyance.”可推測,這位母親缺乏耐心,脾氣也不夠好。故選C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段可知,20年后,這個最年輕的小兒子成了一名成功的商人。故選C。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章特別是最后一段可知,心態(tài)和信念在我們內(nèi)心深處是成功背后的力量。敢想,它就能在現(xiàn)實(shí)中實(shí)現(xiàn)。故選D。
4.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B
解析：1.根據(jù)第二段第二句"Consuming too much coffee, soda, and prepackaged drinks may increase production of urine (尿液), which may lead to dehydration."可知,喝過多的咖啡、蘇打水和預(yù)先包裝好的飲品可能會增加尿液的產(chǎn)生,這或許會導(dǎo)致脫水。由此可知,少喝一些特定的飲品可以避免脫水。故選D。
2.根據(jù)第三段第二句中的"Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron and decreasing bruising(淤傷)’’可知, 維生素C有助于鐵的吸收并減少淤傷。因此,缺乏維生素C將會導(dǎo)致眼下出現(xiàn)淤傷。故選C。
3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知,減肥的人應(yīng)該避免體重突然下降。故選B。
5.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C
解析：1.根據(jù)第三段第二句"I really don't think a home furnishing store is a good dating place for seniors."和倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句"IKEA is a shop; it exists to provide a service for a reasonable profit. It is not a public park." 以及最后一段最后一句"It is ugly to take up seats such long durations while you make others wait." 可知,這三個人反對顧客在不消費(fèi)的情況下占用自助餐廳座位的行為,即有三個人支持宜家的這項(xiàng)新規(guī)定。故選B。
2.The policy is in response to an elderly blind dating group that occupies seats for a long time, consuming only their own food brought from home.(第一段第三句) 譯文:這項(xiàng)政策是對長期占據(jù)座位的一個老年人相親團(tuán)體的回應(yīng),他們只吃自己從家里帶來的食物。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知,這些老年人長期占據(jù)座位且不在店內(nèi)消費(fèi)(的行為)影響到了宜家的生意, 因此宜家出臺了這項(xiàng)新的規(guī)定。故選A。
3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句"If anything, the store should at least sympathize with these old people."可知, Lee Xin認(rèn)為宜家應(yīng)該同情這些老年人;根據(jù)第五段第二句"So a noble man always leaves more space for seniors' love affairs!”可知,SEARU認(rèn)為一個高尚的人總是會為老年人的愛情留出更多的空間;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句 "If there is another place in Shanghai where elderly people can gather, we are more than ready to pay twice as much and travel further. "可知,Mr. Qiu 認(rèn)為如果上海還有另外一個老年人可以聚集的地方,他們甚至愿意支付兩倍的價錢去更遠(yuǎn)的地方。由此可推知,不支持該項(xiàng)新規(guī)定的人士認(rèn)為這個社會太過吹毛求疵且缺乏(對老年人的)理解。故選C。
6.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.本文是一篇人物傳記。文章主要介紹了 20世紀(jì)最偉大的畫家之一——Mark Rothko的生平及其藝術(shù)風(fēng)格?！娟P(guān)鍵句】His father immigrated to the United States, fearing that his son would be drafted(招募) into the Czarist army.(第一段第二句)譯文:他的父親移民到了美國,擔(dān)心自己的兒子會被招募進(jìn)沙皇軍隊(duì)。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是關(guān)鍵句可知,Mark Rothko的父親移居美國,他和母親、姐姐臨時待在俄羅斯,后來經(jīng)過12天的航行才到美國與父親重聚。文中Mark Rothko并沒有受到軍隊(duì)的招募。故選B。
2.【關(guān)鍵句】II was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist.(第二段第二、三句)譯文:就在他去藝術(shù)學(xué)生會拜訪某人的時候,他看到學(xué)生們在畫裸體模特的素描。據(jù)他說,這是他作為一名藝術(shù)家生活的開始?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知,看到學(xué)生們畫畫讓Mark Rothko開始想要成為一名藝術(shù)家。故選C。
3.【關(guān)鍵句】The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive (原始的)art, according to him, could be compared to that of children in that "Child art transforms itself into primitivism (原始主義), which is only the child producing a mimicry(模仿)of himself."(第三段第二句) 譯文:在他看來,受原始藝術(shù)影響的現(xiàn)代主義者的作品可以與兒童的作品相比較,“兒童藝術(shù)將自身轉(zhuǎn)化為原始主義,這只是兒童對自己的模仿。”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知,Mark Rothko認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)作品與兒童藝術(shù)作品有相似之處是因?yàn)樗鼈兌急磉_(dá)了原始主義風(fēng)格。故選B。
4.通讀全文并結(jié)合最后一段第四、五句中的"his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical (對稱的)rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colors (補(bǔ)色).As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision" 可知, 1948年冬天Rothko偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了顯著的對稱矩形方塊是由兩到三種對立卻互補(bǔ)的顏色組成的,此后他逐漸發(fā)展了自己的視覺藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。由此可推知,Mark Rothko的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格是在1948年逐漸形成的。故選D。
7.答案：1-4.DAAD
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句"Despite losing a large part of her income, Novak knew she had another source(來源) to depend on: Tik Tok."及最后一句中的"doing another type of workout while making money through brand partnerships"可知,盡管Novak因疫情失去了大部分收入,但是Novak通過Tik Tok吸引了很多粉絲,從而幫助她謀生。故選D。
2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Tik Tok has managed to be a win-win situation for the platform's creators and brands looking to reach specific audiences"可知, Tik Tok成功地創(chuàng)造了一個既有利于平臺創(chuàng)造者又有利于想要接觸特定受眾的品牌商的雙贏局面。結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可推知,社交媒體應(yīng)用程序和受歡迎程度一直是不穩(wěn)定的,所以畫線詞應(yīng)意為"不穩(wěn)定的",與A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句"'It's a bit nerve-wracking(傷腦筋的), but I think right now, from what I'm hearing, it sounds like it may not be banned, but it's still very uncertain. '"可知, Gach對有可能實(shí)施的禁令感到緊張,壓力很大。故選A。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文通過講述在疫情期間,Novak和Gach依靠國際版抖音Tik Tok吸引粉絲來增加收入,從而維持生活以及可能實(shí)施的“禁令”對他們造成的影響來說明人們對社交平臺的依賴。故選D。
8.答案：1-4.CACA
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二至七句"Her head hurt... Now, years later, she still struggles with those symptoms of a flu."可知,過了許多年, Lauren DeLand現(xiàn)在仍然遭受著這些癥狀的折磨。由此可推知,她現(xiàn)在仍然頭疼。故選C。
2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句"They started slowly. Because of her disease, sparing time to rejuvenate herself properly from physical exercise is vital, so they travelled around 20 miles daily."并結(jié)合第一段中提到的Lauren的癥狀可知,在旅途中,Lauren和丈夫需要經(jīng)常停下來休息,以使Lauren恢復(fù)體力。由此可推知, rejuvenate應(yīng)意為“恢復(fù)”,與A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Lauren said, 'The knowledge gained from years of trial and error allowed us to carefully plan and pack our food. '"可推知, Lauren和丈夫從多年的不斷摸索中獲得的知識來仔細(xì)地計(jì)劃和保存他們的食物。故選C。
4.標(biāo)題概括題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段最后一句"It's absolutely been healing us both."可知,這次旅行對Lauren和她的丈夫來說是一次治愈之旅 。A項(xiàng)是最適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選A。
9.答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1.段落大意題。通讀第二段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句"Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar."和第四句“Still, most party foods include large amounts of unhealthy fats.”可分,傳統(tǒng)聚會中的食品都含有大量糖分和不健康脂肪。由此可知,第二段表明,大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)聚會中的食物是不健康的。故選B。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“Perhaps, one of the best choices for ensuring everyone can comfortably participate is to offer a large plate of fresh vegetables and a fresh fruit dish. Guacamole is a great accompaniment.”可知,確保每個人都能舒適地參加聚會的最佳選擇之一就是提供一大盤新鮮蔬菜和一盤新鮮水果。鱷梨醬是(它們的)最佳搭配。由此可推知,鱷梨醬是健康的聚會食物,故選C。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by making a small disclaimer on your invitation. This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal.”可知,最后在你的邀請函上做一個小小的說明,確保你那些有健康意識的客人知道聚會上有一些可供選擇的食物。由此可推知, disclaimer應(yīng)意為“說明”,與instruction意思相近。故選B。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了在傳統(tǒng)的聚會中的許多食品都是不健康的,并給出了如何在聚會中提供更多健康食品的建議。故選A。
10.答案：1-4.CDAB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句"Within weeks, given the pressures of adjusting to a new campus, he was smoking a pack or more a day."可知, Walker吸了大量的電子煙是因?yàn)樗麩o法快速地適應(yīng)新校園。故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的"'it was the e-cigarettes that led to his breath failure, which contributed to the spread of the adenovirus'"可知,電子煙導(dǎo)致Walker呼吸衰竭,從而加速了(他體內(nèi))腺病毒的擴(kuò)散。故選D。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句"Walker admits he is shaken by his experience."可知, Walker對自己(因吸電子煙而生病)的經(jīng)歷感到震驚。由此可推知, Walker從自己經(jīng)歷中意識到了電子煙的危害。故選A。
4.標(biāo)題概括題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了大學(xué)生Walker因大量吸電子煙而引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的疾病,進(jìn)而說明了電子煙的危害。B項(xiàng)"Walker和電子煙"概括了本文的主旨,是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

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